Preliminary Findings On Behavioral Patterns Of The Barking Deer, Muntiacusmuntjak (Zimmermann 1780) In Captivity At Dhaka Zoo In Bangladesh

This research was conducted to document behavioral patterns of the barking deer, Muntiacus muntjak (Zimmermann 1780) in captivity. All-occurrence and ad libitum sampling methods were used opportunistically to observe 15 barking deer at Dhaka Zoo in Bangladesh from April to November, 2011.A total of 54 behavioral patterns of the barking deer was recorded and described under 13 major heads. Of which, 41 behavioral patterns were similar for males and females and 13 were sex different. The highest observation was recorded for self-directed behaviors (21.55%) followed by consuming behaviors (20.84%), investigative behaviors (17.65%), scent markings and depositions (14.53%), relaxed states (13.98%), agonistic interactions (2.63%), foraging behaviors (2.31%), sexual behaviors (1.83%), submissive behaviors (1.66%), elimination (1.25%), movements (1.23%), vocalization (0.3%) and affinitive interactions (0.23%). The behavioral patterns were almost similar for male and female with several patterns showing variations. Females consumed food and took rest more frequently than males, who spent more time in foraging and movement. Males also showed higher frequency of sexual behaviors and less submissive behaviors. Environmental sniffing (n=792) was the most frequently encountered behavior and preaching (n=l) was the least. The present findings reveal that majority of the behaviors resemble that of other cervids, but nibbling and barking are unique to this species. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(2): 233-243, December 2015

Download Full-text

Youth Assets and Sexual Risk Behavior: Differences Between Male and Female Adolescents

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198109344689 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 343-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Trisha Mueller ◽

Lorrie Gavin ◽

Roy Oman ◽

Sara Vesely ◽

Cheryl Aspy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Risk ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Role Models ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Male And Female ◽

External Resources ◽

Use Of Time ◽

Males And Females ◽

Youth Assets

Youth internal assets and external resources are protective factors that can help youth avoid potentially harmful behaviors. This study investigates how the relationship between youth assets or resources and two sexual risk behaviors (ever had sex and birth control use) varied by gender. Data were collected through in-home interviews from parent—adolescent dyads, including 1,219 females and 1,116 males. Important differences exist between male and female adolescents. Females with the nonparental role models or the family communication resource were more likely to report never having had sexual intercourse than were females without the resources. Among males, the aspirations for the future and responsible choices assets were associated with never having had sexual intercourse. Males and females had two assets or resources in common that were protective of never having had sex: peer role models and use of time (religion). Considering which youth assets and resources are more likely to positively influence sexual behaviors of males and females may be important when planning prevention programs with youth.

Download Full-text

Perceived Acceptance of Condom Use by Partners, Close Friends, and Parents of Spanish and Mozambican Heterosexual Adolescents

Journal of Transcultural Nursing ◽

10.1177/1043659611423834 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 22-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Montserrat Planes ◽

M. Eugenia Gras ◽

Mónica Cunill ◽

Hachimo Cassamo ◽

Mark J. M. Sullman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Condom Use ◽

Secondary Students ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Multivariate Methods ◽

Preventive Behavior ◽

Sexual Encounter ◽

Male And Female ◽

Current Partner ◽

Perceived Acceptance ◽

Males And Females

Purpose: The main aim of the current study was to compare Spanish and Mozambican male and female secondary students, with regard to sexual behaviors and perceptions surrounding the acceptance of condom use. Method: The participants were 773 secondary students—412 from Spain and 361 from Mozambique, aged from 15 to 17 years old. Data collection was done using questionnaires. Analysis was carried out using multivariate methods. Results: Spanish adolescents took more precautions than Mozambican adolescents. Furthermore, Spanish adolescents perceived that the acceptance of condom use by their referents were higher than those reported by the Mozambican adolescents. Among Spanish youths, only the perceived acceptance of their current partner predicted condom use in their most recent sexual encounter. Discussion: Differences in the decision-making power of males and females and the type of partner might explain the differences observed in the preventive behavior of the students in both countries.

Download Full-text

Calibration of trap catches and net catches for estimating population densities of the bush fly Musca vetustissima (Diptera: Muscidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300042644 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 539-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W.G. Vogt

Keyword(s):

Sampling Methods ◽

Population Densities ◽

Male And Female ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Males And Females ◽

Trap Catches

AbstractPopulation densities of male and female Musca vetustissima Walker were estimated from recapture rates of marked flies in baited fly traps. Marked flies of laboratory and field origin were equally trappable. Trap catches of field flies were also compared with net catches for which the human collector was the source of attraction, and relationships are presented for estimating population densities based on both sampling methods. Estimates of fly density from trap and net catches at fixed locations have similar precision, coefficients of variation being approximately 55% for both males and females of M. vetustissima. Comparison of estimated fly densities (flies/ha) and annoyance indices, estimated numbers of flies approaching a collector each minute at 29.5°C, in ‘good’ and ‘bad’ fly years suggests that M. vetustissima is a potential nuisance whenever population densities exceed 1000 flies/ha.

Download Full-text

Sexual and risky sexual behaviors experience of Wolkite University students Central Ethiopia-Descriptive cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.12702/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kifle Lamade ◽

Teklemichael Gebru Tesfaye ◽

Admas Berhanu ◽

Membere W/tsadik

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Risky Sexual Behaviors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Health Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male And Female ◽

Males And Females

Abstract Background The risky behaviors of youngsters or youths may further be worsened by the logic that university students are too many in number, lack facilities for sexual and reproductive health services and live away from their parents and free from parental control. To tackle the issue, evidence based intervention like improved access for youth’s friendly reproductive health services is crucial. In Ethiopia, despite the fact that much has been said about sexual and related issues of higher institution students, the assessment of the problem is not widely covered and search for solutions is mostly after the problem become deep-rooted. So, the purpose of this study was to assess the level of risky sexual behaviors among Wolkite University (one of the public higher institute) students. Methods A facility based cross-sectional study was employed using Cluster sampling to identify 1,123 students’ from each college, departments & sections of the colleges in the University, list of clusters (groups) was established with area of study and year of study. To select these clusters, list of cumulative frequencies of number of students was calculated. The total sample size was divided proportionately to the selected clusters and to both sexes (male and female). Accordingly, males and females were selected based on percentages calculated. Finally, a systematic sampling method was applied to select males and females from the cluster selected for the study after dividing the cluster in to male and female groups. Result In this emerging university ever use of substance reportedly was somewhat higher than a quarter, 28.7% (322) from a total of 1123 students. Among students reported ever use of substances, alcohol consumption was the predominant one, 157(14.0%), followed by khat, 57 (5.1%). Conclusion and recommendation The institute needs substantial progress in availing youth friendly reproductive health services as huge number of the youngsters, 225(20%) had risky sexual behavior and currently 7(1.5%) were HIV positive. Moreover, services for youths should be friendly and available with skillful professionals. This can be realized through the effort of tremendous stakeholders in the compound and elsewhere in the country like ministry of education/health or non-governmental organizations.

Download Full-text

Regulation of Pseudosexual Behavior in the Parthenogenetic Whiptail Lizard, Cnemidophorus uniparens

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2008-0214 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 149 (9) ◽

pp. 4622-4631 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Brian George Dias ◽

David Crews

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Preoptic Area ◽

Reciprocal Inhibition ◽

Ovarian Cycle ◽

Lizard Species ◽

Male And Female ◽

Neuroendocrine Mechanisms ◽

Males And Females ◽

Cnemidophorus Uniparens ◽

Systemic Drug

Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying complementary behaviors like male-typical mounting and female-typical receptivity are most often studied independently in males and females, respectively. Cnemidophorus uniparens is a unisexual lizard species consisting only of females that alternately express male- and female-like pseudosexual behavior across the ovarian cycle. Intact, postovulatory (PostOv), and ovariectomized (OVX), androgen-implanted animals [OVX plus testosterone (T)] exhibit male-like mounting, but not receptivity, whereas intact, preovulatory (PreOv), and OVX lizards injected with estradiol [OVX plus estrogen (E)] express receptivity, but not mounting. We tested whether the serotonergic system in the preoptic area (POA) and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) gates the reciprocal inhibition characterizing this alternating expression of mounting and receptivity. Serotonergic signaling at the POA appears to be key to gating male-like behavior. Postovulatory and OVX plus T animals have lower intracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels, and greater abundance of inhibitory 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the POA compared with both PreOv and OVX plus E lizards. Moreover, injecting 5-HT into the POA of OVX plus T animals suppresses mounting, whereas injection into VMN of OVX plus E lizards suppresses receptivity. Although 5-HT levels in the VMN do not differ across the ovarian cycle or between hormonally manipulated animals, PreOv and OVX plus E lizards have a lower abundance of 5-HT2A mRNA in the VMN. Stimulating 5-HT1A receptors using systemic drug administration inhibits mounting, whereas activating 5-HT2A receptors facilitates receptivity. This study illuminates how male- and female-typical sexual behaviors share common neural circuits, and that 5-HT regulates these naturally complementary, and mutually exclusive, behaviors.

Download Full-text

Captive Breeding, Rearing and Closing of Reproductive Cycle of the Three Spot Seahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatus (Leach, 1814) PDF

Academic Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.32861/ajls.64.27.33 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Mohamad Saupi Ismail ◽

Muhammad Fadzil Harun ◽

Chee Kong Yap

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Cycle ◽

Captive Breeding ◽

Global Trade ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Total Length ◽

In Captivity ◽

Males And Females ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Research Institute

Seahorse aquaculture can provide a platform to reduce pressure on its wild populations and to meet the demand for global trade. However, techniques for breeding seahorses are yet to established for every species and information is limited especially for species dwelling in Malaysian waters. Hippocampus trimaculatus is among the heavily exploited species and red listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under IUCN [1]. This study was conducted for one and a half years at the Fisheries Research Institute, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The goal of this study was to develop a simple yet practical husbandry technique for H. trimaculatus. The study described protocols applied to the establishment of brooders, from the newborn to adulthood, and ultimately to the closure of the reproductive cycle. The seahorses were fed with a live diet ad libitum daily. Juveniles attained a total length of 50mm within a rearing period of 90 days. At 7 months old, the seahorses had reached their matured sizes of 111mm and 106mm for males and females respectively. After a year in captivity, we achieved the closure of the reproductive cycle for the captive-born H. trimaculatus. The results showed that the captive breeding of H. trimaculatus is feasible in Malaysia. These findings will be useful in promoting this species for commercial seahorse culturing and conservation purposes.

Download Full-text

GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0580600 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 600-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert Boyd ◽

Donald C. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Testosterone Propionate ◽

Female Rats ◽

Female Rat ◽

Feedback Effects ◽

Male And Female ◽

Prostate Weight ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Males And Females ◽

Normal Males

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.

Download Full-text

Gender Differences in Clothing Worn in Current Popular Comic Books

MacEwan University Student eJournal ◽

10.31542/j.muse.186 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyle Landon Jossy

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Comic Books ◽

Book Industry ◽

Comic Book ◽

Lower Body ◽

Female Characters ◽

Male And Female ◽

Males And Females

This study looked at how males and females were portrayed, based on the amount of skin shown in the clothing worn. A Content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 randomly selected popular comics from the last 3 years. Both male and female characters were rated on how much skin they showed in three clothing categories; neck line, sleeve length, and lower body. Results showed that in all 3 categories, women consistently wore more revealing clothing. The findings demonstraetd that the comic book industry is comparable to other forms of media, in the sexualization of female characters, by having them wear more revealing clothing.

Download Full-text

Spinal Muscular Atrophy after Nusinersen Therapy: Improved Physiology in Pediatric Patients with No Significant Change in Urine, Serum, and Liquor 1H-NMR Metabolomes in Comparison to an Age-Matched, Healthy Cohort

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11040206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 206

Author(s):

Leon Deutsch ◽

Damjan Osredkar ◽

Janez Plavec ◽

Blaž Stres

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽

1H Nmr ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Muscular Atrophy ◽

Male And Female ◽

Before And After ◽

Healthy Cohort ◽

Males And Females ◽

Urine Serum

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases and was until recently the most common genetic cause of death in children. The effects of 2-month nusinersen therapy on urine, serum, and liquor 1H-NMR metabolomes in SMA males and females were not explored yet, especially not in comparison to the urine 1H-NMR metabolomes of matching male and female cohorts. In this prospective, single-centered study, urine, serum, and liquor samples were collected from 25 male and female pediatric patients with SMA before and after 2 months of nusinersen therapy and urine samples from a matching healthy cohort (n = 125). Nusinersen intrathecal application was the first therapy for the treatment of SMA by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Metabolomes were analyzed using targeted metabolomics utilizing 600 MHz 1H-NMR, parametric and nonparametric multivariate statistical analyses, machine learning, and modeling. Medical assessment before and after nusinersen therapy showed significant improvements of movement, posture, and strength according to various medical tests. No significant differences were found in metabolomes before and after nusinersen therapy in urine, serum, and liquor samples using an ensemble of statistical and machine learning approaches. In comparison to a healthy cohort, 1H-NMR metabolomes of SMA patients contained a reduced number and concentration of urine metabolites and differed significantly between males and females as well. Significantly larger data scatter was observed for SMA patients in comparison to matched healthy controls. Machine learning confirmed urinary creatinine as the most significant, distinguishing SMA patients from the healthy cohort. The positive effects of nusinersen therapy clearly preceded or took place devoid of significant rearrangements in the 1H-NMR metabolomic makeup of serum, urine, and liquor. Urine creatinine was successful at distinguishing SMA patients from the matched healthy cohort, which is a simple systemic novelty linking creatinine and SMA to the physiology of inactivity and diabetes, and it facilitates the monitoring of SMA disease in pediatric patients through non-invasive urine collection.

Download Full-text

Stem cell treatment improves post stroke neurological outcomes: a comparative study in male and female rats

Stroke and Vascular Neurology ◽

10.1136/svn-2020-000834 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. svn-2020-000834

Author(s):

Koteswara Rao Nalamolu ◽

Bharath Chelluboina ◽

Casimir A Fornal ◽

Siva Reddy Challa ◽

David M Pinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Motor Function ◽

Infarct Volume ◽

Female Rats ◽

Human Umbilical Cord ◽

Male And Female ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Males And Females

Background and purposeThe therapeutic potential of different stem cells for ischaemic stroke treatment is intriguing and somewhat controversial. Recent results from our laboratory have demonstrated the potential benefits of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a rodent stroke model. We hypothesised that MSC treatment would effectively promote the recovery of sensory and motor function in both males and females, despite any apparent sex differences in post stroke brain injury.MethodsTransient focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Following the procedure, male and female rats of the untreated group were euthanised 1 day after reperfusion and their brains were used to estimate the resulting infarct volume and tissue swelling. Additional groups of stroke-induced male and female rats were treated with MSC or vehicle and were subsequently subjected to a battery of standard neurological/neurobehavioral tests (Modified Neurological Severity Score assessment, adhesive tape removal, beam walk and rotarod). The tests were administered at regular intervals (at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14) after reperfusion to determine the time course of neurological and functional recovery after stroke.ResultsThe infarct volume and extent of swelling of the ischaemic brain were similar in males and females. Despite similar pathological stroke lesions, the clinical manifestations of stroke were more pronounced in males than females, as indicated by the neurological scores and other tests. MSC treatment significantly improved the recovery of sensory and motor function in both sexes, and it demonstrated efficacy in both moderate stroke (females) and severe stroke (males).ConclusionsDespite sex differences in the severity of post stroke outcomes, MSC treatment promoted the recovery of sensory and motor function in male and female rats, suggesting that it may be a promising treatment for stroke.

Download Full-text