scholarly journals A study to assess the socio-economic status of tea workers in selected tea estates of Sylhet district

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Saha ◽  
DC Acharjee ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Annual Expenditure ◽  
Agricultural Labourer ◽  
Average Annual Income

The study was carried out to examine the socio-economic characteristics of tea plantation workers. A total of 50 farmers from Sylhet district were selected randomly for data collection. The study showed that on an average the size of family of the tea workers was 4.69 which is lower than agricultural labourer inBangladesh. The dependency ratio was found to be 1.80.The literacy of the teaworkers was 56 percent out of which 43 percent were primary level and 13 percent were secondary level. The average annual income per surveyed household was Tk. 75,615 out of which 83% of the total income came from service as a tea labourer while rest 17% derived from agriculture and non-agricultural sources. On an average, the annual expenditure per family was Tk 64,053.The study observed that 88 % percent of the surveyed family received loan from different NGO,s and while only 12 percent obtained from the bank. The analysis credit utilization showed that 41% of the total loan was utilized in meeting repairing houses followed by purchasing of cows (25%) and business (13%) respectively. The study showed that hundred percent roofs of tea workers houses were made of tin. But 58% of the wall was made of brick while 42% was made of mud. On an average 47% of the families reared poultry while 63 percent had livestock. Fifty four percent of households grew vegetables in the study area. The major types of vegetables cultivate by tea workers in the study area were bean, lalsak, chalkumra, gourd etc. Majority household had fruit trees in their homestead. The study showed that most of the household consumed their home products. But only twenty one percent of the households sold their fruits in the local market for cash flow.

scholarly journals Socio Economic Status and Its Impact on School Going Domestic Child Workers in Kathmandu District

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Working Hour

The existence of child labor is not a new phenomenon as children are still engaging in all the sector of employment. The objectives of the study was to assess economic status of school going domestic child workers (DCWs), to assess the root causes of DCWs and to examine present working condition of the DCWs. To the end, 50 DCWs studying in Santi Bidhya Griha Higher Secondary School of Kathmandu are selected as respondents. The finding shows that the cause of poverty is an essential factor to increase domestic child worker. DCWs are involving in low level households activities. Their working hour is higher than study period. Remuneration paid for DCWs is very low or not paid, behave of the owner towards DCW's is low or medium in average. The bedding and fooding situations of the DCWs are not found good. Because of that most of them are not yet satisfied with their job but compelling to continue only for their school education life. At present 15 percent of the respondents are studying in primary level, 55 percent in lower secondary level and 30 percent in secondary level. Regarding job satisfaction, some of them want to kick out their job any time but some thoughtful children want to leave after completion of grade tenth. The thoughtful children want to start their professional career in teaching; business and political sectors and few of them also want to join police and army. However, they don't have the knowledge of child labour act and child right. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page:124-128

scholarly journals Socio-economic status of fish retailers in Jashore sadar, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Mita Rani Adhikary ◽  
Md Aminur Rahman ◽  
Abdulla Al Asif ◽  
Ripon Kumar Adhikary
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

The study was conducted to determine the fish retailer’s livelihood and socio-economic status in three markets of Jashore for a period of six months from February to August, 2016. The average net profit of fish retailers was found higher in Boro bazaar (Tk.350) followed by Palbari bazaar (Tk.325), Chuadanga Bus Stand bazaar (TK.275). The average age groups of 20-65 years were found among the markets. The study shows that 53% fish retailers had nuclear family and 47% had joint family. Most of the housing conditions were kacha (69%) and Muslim fish retailers were predominant in all markets. Among the total 45 traders interviewed, 42% were illiterate, 31% have primary level education, 24% have secondary level education and none of them had bachelor level of education. It was found that fish retailers of Boro bazaar and Palbari bazaar sold an average of 35 kg fish daily, compared with Chuadanga Bus Stand bazaar 15 kg per day. The daily supply of fish in Boro bazaar can be estimated at 1.6 MT (25 retailers’ × 65 kg) while 0.3 MT (15 retailers × 20 kg) and 0.45 MT (15 retailers × 30 kg) in C.B Bazar and Palbari bazaar respectively. Improvement in basic infrastructure such as, clean water supply, sanitation facilities, adequate drainage and ice facilities are recommended by the present study. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 100-108

Integration of Ayurvedic Medicine in Public Health Delivery System at primary level for UHC - An Evidence Based Study.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayeesa Zainab ◽  
Karthika P. ◽  
Irfanahemad A. S. ◽  
Gulappa M.D.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Health Delivery System ◽  
National Programs

Background: In developing country like India it is very difficult for people of low socio-economic status to get access to healthcare and in case they seek healthcare, cost of medicines becomes major reason for out of pocket expenditure, as all the medicines are not available in PHC. Objective: To collate Ayurvedic medicine with Allopathic medicine to provide choice of treatment to patient in view of UHC. Methods: A literature review on Ayurvedic drugs (single drug and formulations) was done after prioritizing the diseases for our study based on National programs and other frequently seen diseases in Primary healthcare (PHC). Evidence was collected in two ways, first by pure Ayurvedic evidence based on Samhitas and second was based on modern techniques and then tabulated. Results: Ayurvedic drug list for Primary Health Care was formulated based on available modern as well as Classical evidence and tabulated in the form of a table. Conclusion: Ayurvedic drugs can be integrated in PHC to provide universal health care at primary level.

scholarly journals Consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of micronutrients in southern Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1555-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Lima Cirino ◽  
Roberta de Vargas Zanini ◽  
Denise Petrucci Gigante
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Southern City

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of vitamins and minerals (FVFVM) according to demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics.DesignA cross-sectional population-based study.SettingThe investigated food groups were selected in two stages according to availability of food in the local market and prevalence of food consumption in a recent national survey. The research instruments included a questionnaire and a photographic catalogue. The FVFVM consumption covered a period of one week prior to the interview date. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12·0 statistical software package, considering the design effect and a hierarchical model. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratios. All tests were two-tailed, with a 5·0 % significance level.SubjectsAdults (≥20 years old) living in a southern city of Brazil.ResultsBetween February and June 2012, 2925 individuals were interviewed. Losses and refusals corresponded to 13·4 % of the sample. The overall prevalence of FVFVM consumption was 73·3 (95 % CI 71·7, 75·9) %. The total number of FVFVM reported exhibited a distribution with a median of two and a maximum of fifteen, inflated by the FVFVM categorized in the ‘juice’ group. The micronutrients most consumed were vitamin C, followed by Fe and thiamin. Young adults, females, those of higher socio-economic status and those who perceived their health positively were more likely to consume FVFVM.ConclusionsPrevalence of FVFVM consumption in southern Brazil, occurring concurrently with the decline in consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, and the way voluntary fortification is being employed trigger a warning sign to primary prevention.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status of duck farmers and duck farming in haor areas of Sylhet district in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Jha ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
PC Baishnab ◽  
PK Mandal ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Space Result

This study was conducted to evaluate the socio-economic status of the duck farmers and to investigate the management practices of duck farming. Also attempt to identify the problems of duck farming in Biswanath and Balagonj upazila of Sylhet during a period from September to November 2014. For this study the information was collected by direct interview using a questionnaire from 60 duck farmers. Status of the duck farmers of the selected regions were investigated in the present study. The results reveal that most of the respondents duck farmers were < 35 years of age (52%) having with primary level of education (28%). In most of the farms there were local (deshi) ducks of 65.5% followed by KC (21.5%) and zinding (13%) respectively. For ducks feeding of the farmers depended on natural feed sources while some provided rice and broken rice (23.5%) rice polish and wheat bran (21.5%) and mixed feed (38%). Family size of the most of the farmers (57%) were large (size > 6 members). About 73% farmers had no training on duck farming and some of the farmers had training with short duration (7 to 15 days). Fifty percent of the farmers were made duck houses with tin-shed and wood having necessary floor space. Result of this study revealed that majority of the farmers (68%) had no idea about common duck diseases. The highest proportion of the farmers (65%) never followed the vaccination program regularly. There have some problems identified for duck farming including low price of duck meat and egg made ranked as most serious problems. Therefore, if the problems are addressed properly, the duck farming in haor areas in Sylhet, Bangladesh could be more profitable business for the farmers.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(2) 73-79

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Routine Microscopic Examination of Urine in Microbiology Laboratories at Primary and Secondary Level Before and After Implementation of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Khadeza Khatun ◽  
AHM Mostafa Kamal ◽  
Kazi Afzalur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Zaid Hossain ◽  
Nadia Rabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Standard Operating

Context : Laboratory services have become an integral and inseparable component of modern medicine and public health. The use of standard operating procedure (SOP) in laboratory testing is one of the most crucial factor in achieving the quality. This cross sectional study was done to assess the quality of routine microscopic examination of urine of a microbiology laboratory at primary level and one microbiology laboratory at secondary level by evaluating the test results before SOP and re evaluating the test results after implementing SOP to see if there was any improvement in quality of those tests.Material and Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive type of study was conducted in Narsingdi Sador Hospital as secondary level microbiology laboratory and Polash Upzilla Health Complex as primary level microbiology laboratory. The study was performed on clinically suspected patients of urinary tract infection (UTI) attending at the primary and secondary level laboratory for microscopic examination of urine. Clinically suspected cases of UTI who had taken any anti microbial treatment in the past 48 hours were excluded from the study. 60 urine samples were collected from each level before implementing SOP and 30 urine samples were collected from each level and tested after following SOP.Result : In routine microscopic examination of urine at primary and secondary level, before SOP, regarding significant number of Pus cells discrepancy was found in 21.67% cases at primary level and 18.33% cases at secondary level. After implementing SOP, discrepancy in the result was reduced to 10% from 21.67% at primary level and 0% from 18.33% at secondary level. This difference in results was statistically significant (p< 0.05).Conclusion: Implementing SOP and after practicing appropriate and standard techniques for collection and examination of urine at primary and secondary level, discrepancy in the results of routine microscopic examination of urine between investigator and Medical Officer (MOPathology) was reduced and overall quality of tests were improved.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 25, No.2, October, 2016, Page 87-93

scholarly journals Fisheries and socio-economic condition of fisher’s community of Eshulia beel at Gouripur upazila under Mymensingh district

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
Jinat Jahan Bornali ◽  
Md Afjal Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Sudip Bhattacharya ◽  
Farzana Akter ◽  
Rabeya Yesmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Pertinent Data

The study was conducted to determine the present status of fisheries and socio-economic conditions of the fisher’s community of Eshulia beel at Gouripur upazila under Mymensingh district for a period from February to November, 2013. Relevant information and pertinent data were collected by personal observation and other three participatory methods such as questionnaire interview, focus group discussion (FGD) and cross-check interview. A total of 58 fish species belong to 18 families were identified in the catches of different gears. Among them 37 species were resident, 14 species were non-resident and 7 species were exotic. Thirteen different kinds of fishing gears were identified under 5 major groups including 5 nets, 3 traps, 2 hooks, 2 spears and khata/zag in the beel. It was found that 65% of the fishermen were Muslim and 35% were Hindu. Most of the fishermen belonged to the age group of 36-50 years. In case of education, 32.5% were illiterate, 40% can sign only, 15% of the fishers had literacy up to primary level , 7.5% had literacy up to secondary level and 5% had higher secondary and above. 75% of the fishermen's houses are katcha, 17.5% are tinshed and only 7.5% are half building. About 5% of the fishermen had high (TK 100000-TK 200000) income; 42.5% had medium (TK 51000-TK 100000) income and 52.5% had low (TK 25000-TK50000) income. No fisheries management regulations were followed in the beel. Recommendations were made to improve beel fisheries management through fish stocking, habitat restoration and active community participation for sustainable catch. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 353-361, August 2019

scholarly journals Study on Socio-Economic Profile of Millet Consumers in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan and Chitradurga Districts of Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath Das
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Urban Families ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Rural Consumers

Millets are highly nutritious food and are widely cultivated in India since long. But from last few decades land under cultivation of millets is decreasing due to decrease in demand. Owning to its nutritional and health benefits the demands of millets are now increasing among urban consumers. To understand the socio-economic profile of millet consumers a study was undertaken in Jodhpur district of Rajasthan and Chitradurga district of Karnataka. It was found that most of the urban families were nuclear families, in contrast, most of the rural families were joint families. Most of the millet rural consumers in Jodhpur were medium and semi-medium farmers, whereas in Chitradurga most of the farmers were small and marginal farmers. In terms of educational qualification,most of the rural consumers in both the districts (32.5 per cent) had completed primary level of education and most of the consumers in urban areas (45 per cent) had completed secondary level of education.

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