scholarly journals Oviposition Preference of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) to Common Pulses and Potentiality of Triflumuron as their Protectant

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Fauzia Akhter ◽  
Rezina Laz ◽  
Selina Parween
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Green Peas

Seeds of black grams, lentils, Bengal grams and green peas were soaked separately in aqueous solutions of Triflumuron at doses of 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm. Three day -old adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) were allowed to oviposit on air-dried, treated or untreated pulses of each type and dose in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests. Maximum oviposition occurred in Bengal grams (61.00? 0.25) and green peas (33.67? 0.54) in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively. The beetles avoided egg laying on lentils. Maximum egg-hatching occurred on black grams (>90%) in both tests. Minimum developmental time was required in the Bengal grams (30? 0.5 days in ‘no-choice' test and 31.33? 1.23 days in ‘free-choice' test). No adults emerged from green peas, while 54.79% and 86.15% emergence were recorded from untreated black grams in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively. Triflumuron reduced egg-laying significantly in green peas, where hatchability also reduced significantly to 35.99% at 2 ppm in ‘no-choice' test. Percentage of hatching decreased in all pulses with the increasing doses of triflumuron. No adults emerged from the treated green peas in any test, and at 2 ppm the adult emergence declined to < 50% in all pulses. Implications of these results are further discussed.  Key words: Callosobruchus maculatus, Triflumuron, seed protectant, fecundity, hatchability, developmental period, adult emergence   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2207 J. bio-sci. 15: 83-88, 2007

scholarly journals Oviposition preference and larval performance of sugarcane borer in eight sugarcane genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Vieira Pimentel ◽  
Adriano Cirino Tomaz ◽  
Bruno Portela Brasileiro ◽  
Luiz Alexandre Peternelli ◽  
Márcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Late Stages

ABSTRACT The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most important pests of sugarcane in the Americas. The purpose of this study was to assess multiple resistance traits in eight sugarcane genotypes against D. saccharalis, including five commercial cultivars and three exotic germplasm with potential to serve as resistance sources against this pest. The oviposition preference was assessed by using both free-choice and non-choice tests. The performance of both early stage larvae feeding on the leaves and late stages larvae feeding within the stalks were also assessed. There were differences among genotypes for number of both eggs and egg cluster in the free-choice test while no differences in non-choice test were observed. There were also differences in survival of early stage larvae feeding on the leaves, foliar injury rating and stalk damage. The genotype IM76-228 was the least preferred for oviposition and it seems that leaf width had some influence on adults’ preference rather than greening of the leaves. IM76-228 and RB867515 causes higher mortality of early stage larvae feeding in the stalks while IM76-228 and RB985523 had lower damage in both leaves and stalks. The genotype IM76-228 was the most resistant to D. saccharalis and could serve as genes sources for resistance in sugarcane breeding programs.

scholarly journals Insecticidal activity of 2-tridecanone against the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yussef F.B. Braga ◽  
Thalles B. Grangeiro ◽  
Eder A. Freire ◽  
Helano L. Lopes ◽  
José N. S. Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Pilocarpus Microphyllus ◽  
Different Doses

The effect of 2-tridecanone vapor on the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) development was determined. Seeds of cowpea were infested with adults and exposed to different doses of 2-tridecanone isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Holm, a plant species native from northeastern Brazil. The pure monoterpene was evaluated both undiluted as well as in the dilutions 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1,000 (v/v). The following parameters of the cowpea weevil life cycle were analyzed in response to decreasing doses of 2-tridecanone: number of eggs laid, percentage of egg hatching on seeds, percentage of adult emergence, adult weight at emergence, mean developmental time and number of adults emerged. Vapor of 2-tridecanone caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the number of eggs laid, in the percentage of eggs hatched and in the number of emerged adults in infested seeds. The fumigant insecticidal effect of 2-tridecanone was mainly due to its ovicidal activity.

scholarly journals Antixenosis of bean genotypes to Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Morando ◽  
Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin ◽  
Patrícia Leite Cruz ◽  
André Luiz Lourenção ◽  
Alisson Fernando Chiorato
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Chrysodeixis Includens

The objective of this work was to evaluate bean genotypes for resistance to soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens). Initially, free-choice tests were carried out with 59 genotypes, divided into three groups according to leaf color intensity (dark green, light green, and medium green), in order to evaluate oviposition preference. Subsequently, 12 genotypes with high potential for resistance were selected, as well as two susceptible commercial standards. With these genotypes, new tests were performed for oviposition in a greenhouse, besides tests for attractiveness and consumption under laboratory conditions (26±2ºC, 65±10% RH, and 14 h light: 10 h dark photophase). In the no-choice test with adults, in the greenhouse, the 'IAC Jabola', Arcelina 1, 'IAC Boreal', 'Flor de Mayo', and 'IAC Formoso' genotypes were the least oviposited, showing antixenosis-type resistance for oviposition. In the free-choice test with larvae, Arcelina 4, 'BRS Horizonte', 'Pérola', H96A102-1-1-1-52, 'IAC Boreal', 'IAC Harmonia', and 'IAC Formoso' were the less consumed genotypes, which indicates antixenosis to feeding. In the no-choice test, all genotypes (except for 'IAPAR 57') expressed moderate levels of antixenosis to feeding against C. includens larvae.

scholarly journals Resistance of potato genotypes (Solanum spp.) to Bemisia tabaci biotype B

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia S Silva ◽  
André L Lourenção ◽  
José Alberto C de Souza-Dias ◽  
Hilário da S Miranda Filho ◽  
Valdir J Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Choice Preference ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Biotype B ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci Biotype B

The resistance of 24 potato genotypes to B. tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was evaluated in five greenhouse experiments. The first experiment we evaluated the attractiveness and preference for oviposition in a free-choice test (randomized blocks, 24 treatments, and eight replications). In two other experiments we evaluated no-choice preference for oviposition (randomized blocks, six treatments, and ten replications). The whitefly egg-adult cycle was monitored using a statistical design in randomized blocks with five replications. Trichome density was evaluated in an experiment with 24 treatments and six replications, in a completely randomized design. In the free-choice test, potato genotypes NYL 235-4 and IAC-1966 were the most attractive to adults, while cultivars Achat, Aracy Ruiva, and Monte Bonito presented the lowest number of adults. Also in this assay, cultivars Achat, Ibituaçu, Panda, IAC-1966, and Agata presented the lowest number of eggs, while in the no-choice test, only cultivar Achat and IAC-1966 remained resistant. Consequently, for these two genotypes non-preference is the oviposition resistance mechanism. The egg-adult cycle varied from 21 days (cultivar Panda) to 22.5 days (clones IAC-1966 and NYL 235-4). The adult emergence varied from 91.2% (clone IAC-1966) to 99.3% (cultivar Ibituaçu). Clone NYL 235-4 had the greatest number of simple (ST) and glandular (GT) trichomes; while clone IAC-1966 had the lowest number of ST and, clone IAC-6290, of GT. There were significant correlations between adult attractiveness and oviposition preference; between oviposition preference and ST density; and between oviposition preference and GT density. Considering all characteristics, cultivar Achat was the most resistant to B. tabaci biotype B among all potato genotypes studied, while clone NYL 235-4 proved (past tense) to be susceptible.

scholarly journals The Physical and Biochemical Characteristics of Resistance in Different Rice Varieties and Initial Moisture Content for Their Susceptibility to Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludji Pantja ASTUTI ◽  
Gatot MUDJIONO ◽  
Siti Ch. RASMINAH ◽  
Bambang Tri RAHARDJO
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Choice Tests

Rhyzopertha dominica reduces the weight of rice production at approximately 40 %. This study aimed to investigate the physical and biochemical characteristics of resistance in different rice varieties at different initial moisture content to their susceptibility against R. dominica. The study consisted of 2 experiments: (i) free-choice, and (ii) no-choice tests. These experiments were conducted by combining 6 rice varieties (Vi): IR-64, Ciherang, Membramo, Cibogo, Sembada, and, Intani-2, and 4 levels of initial moisture content (Ki): 10, 12, 14, and 16 %. The observed variables for the free-choice test were the number of adult insects (male and female) present, the number of females present, and the percentage of weight loss. The observed variables for the no-choice test were the number of eggs, larvae, F1 progeny emerged, and the median developmental time of R. dominica. Results of the free-choice test revealed that the highest total number of adult insects present, the female insects present, and the percentage of weight loss appeared in the Intani-2 variety at 16 % initial moisture content, while the lowest of these 3 variables appeared in the Membramo variety at 10 % initial moisture content. The no-choice test revealed that the rice varieties became more susceptible with the increase of the initial moisture content. The susceptibility of rice was affected by hardness, ash content, and phenol content. Rice hardness level were caused by the level of initial moisture content. However, the chemical characteristics of the rice were not affected by the level of initial moisture content.

Screening and Biochemical Analysis on Blackgram Genotypes for Resistance against Storage Pest Bruchine [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ragul ◽  
N. Manivannan ◽  
K. Iyanar ◽  
N. Ganapathy ◽  
G. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Components ◽  
Storage Pest ◽  
Confirmatory Trial

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is a rich source of protein. It is one of the major crops essentially involved in daily human diets. However, storage pest bruchine [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)] is a major production constraint for legumes. A research was formulated to assess the bruchine resistance in 20 blackgram genotypes along with the biochemical analysis to find out the active biochemical components responsible for the resistance activity.Methods: The experiment was carried out during August- October, 2019 at Entomology Laboratory, National Pulses Research Center, Vamban, India. The experimental material comprised of 20 blackgram genotypes which were screened for bruchine resistance. Further, confirmatory trial was conducted with selected resistant entries and highly susceptible entries during October- December, 2019. Both experiments were carried out in completely randomized design and replicated three times. GC-MS analysis on the resistant and susceptible entries were performed to ascertain the active biochemical components conferring resistance.Result: Among the genotypes, TU 68 had comparatively late developmental time (days), less number of adult emergence, higher mean developmental period (days), less susceptibility index, less seed damage (%) and less seed weight loss (%). Genotype TU 68 was found to be resistant in the confirmatory trial also. Less number of adult emergence and higher mean developmental period indicated the delayed developmental period which is a mechanism of bruchine resistance. GC-MS analysis on resistant (TU 68) and susceptible (MDU 1) genotypes indicated the presence of active biochemical compounds with insectifuge activity in TU 68. Hence, TU 68 could be utilized in the hybridization programmeas donor for bruchine resistance.

Population fluctuations of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Outdoor Cages in Kenya

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

AbstractSpodoptera exempta (Wlk.) was reared for one year at three locations in Kenya: Msabaha on the coast, Nairobi, and Mbita Point on Lake Victoria. The potential yearly number of generations was 15·8 at Msabaha, 6·6 at Nairobi and 13·1 at Mbita Point. Average developmental time from egg deposition to adult emergence was 23·1, 54·9 and 27·8 days, respectively. The longest, 77·3 days, was recorded in Nairobi and the shortest, 19·4 days, at Msabaha. The survival rate varied little seasonally at the coast but was erratic inland, with some generations failing and others very successful. Larvae offered a choice of maize and stargrass (Cynodon dactylon) showed a preference for stargrass. Survival was higher on stargrass than on maize but the developmental time was longer. Mortality was highest in the larval stage. In all generations and at all locations, death was usually caused by a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. There was a positive relationship between larval mortality and rainfall, and a negative one between larval mortality and sunshine. Mating was restricted to after midnight. Females oviposited and then mated during the same night. Peak egg-laying took place before midnight, with a smaller peak at about 02·00–04·00 h.

scholarly journals Adult time-mortality response and changes in reproductive attributes in Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) following UV irradiation

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Sharmin Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
Key Words Uv Irradiation ◽  
F1 Generation ◽  
Uv Rays

Using 254nm UV radiations of exposure periods from 2 to 16 min against adults. Time mortality response of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), adults and alterations in vital reproductive attributes as fecundity, immature duration, adult emergence and adult longevity of the beetles from parental through F1 generation have been estimated. Time mortality response of the adults of the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), and alternations in vital reproductive attributes is fecundity, immature duration, adult emergence and longevity from parental through F1 generation using 254nm UV radiations of response periods from 2-16min have been estimated. Results show that an exposure time to kill 50% of the adults is around 20 min (LT50 = 19.99min), and irradiation significantly reduced egg-laying (P<0.001), lengthened immature durations (i.e. larval and pupal developmental periods; P<0.05), decreased adult emergences as well as longevity in both sexes (P<0.001) in the parental generation. The effects of the UV-rays on F1 progenies, however, were less pronounced than that expressed in the parental generation, but the immature duration was significantly increased (P<0.01) but the longevity in both sexes was significantly reduced (P<0.001). Relevance of this study in relation to prospective phytosanitary treatments of the stored pulses with UV-rays has been discussed. Key words: UV irradiation; Callosobruchus maculatus; time-mortality response; reproductive attributes; stored pulses DOI: 10.3329/jles.v5i0.7343 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 5: 17-22, 2010

Insecticidal effects of Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) essential oil on Callosobruchus maculatus [Coleoptera: Bruchidae]

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sékou Moussa Kéïta ◽  
Charles Vincent ◽  
Jean-Pierre Schmidt ◽  
John Thor Arnason
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Control Application ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lethal Doses

Analysis of Thuja occidentalis L. essential oil used for insect fumigation by phase gas chromatography revealed the presence of 22 compounds including α-thujone (49.64%), fenchone (14.06%), and β-thujone (8.98%). Fumigation of adult bruchids with the oil alone resulted in lethal doses (LD50) of 1.1, 0.7, 0.5 and 0.2 μL/insect after 3, 6, 9 and 12 h, respectively. When insects were treated with aromatized powder, significant differences were also found between treatments and control. Application of 100 mg of powder aromatized at 3 μL essential oil g–1 on bruchid pairs lead to 95% mortality of females and 100% of males with 0% of mortality in the control after 6 h exposure. Five days after their deposit, egg hatching was 1.2% (treated with kaolin powder aromatized with T. occidentalis essential oil), 41% (with kaolin alone) and 44% of eggs (control without kaolin). In the same experiment, adult emergence of 80% (in treatments with kaolin alone), 100% in control (without kaolin) and 0% (with kaolin aromatized with T. occidentalis essential oil) were recorded 30 d after treatment. Germination of cowpea seeds was not significantly affected by the treatments. Five days after sowing, germination was 88, 97 and 97%, respectively, when cowpea grains were treated and exposed, treated and unexposed, untreated and unexposed, respectively, while those untreated and exposed had 15% germination. Key words: Thuja occidentalis, Callosobruchus maculatus, essential oil, kaolin, fumigation, ethnobotany.

Effects of four varieties of Lathyrus sativus (Fabaceae) seeds on the bionomics of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poulami Adhikary ◽  
Ujjwal Malik ◽  
Anandamay Barik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

AbstractThe effect of four varieties of Lathyrus sativus Linnaeus (Fabaceae) seeds (Bio L 212 Ratan, Nirmal B-1, WBK-14-7, and WBK-13-1) on the bionomics of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) was studied under laboratory conditions. Total larval developmental time was longer on WBK-13-1 than Bio L 212 Ratan. Adult emergence was highest on Bio L 212 Ratan followed by Nirmal B-1, WBK-14-7, and WBK-13-1. The development and fecundity were related with nutrient and antinutritional factors of khesari seeds. Total carbohydrates and proteins were highest in Bio L 212 Ratan and Nirmal B-1 while lipids and nitrogen were highest in Bio L 212 Ratan and least in WBK-13-1. Amino acids were higher in Nirmal B-1 and WBK-13-1. Phenols were greatest in Nirmal B-1 and least in Bio L 212 Ratan and WBK-14-7. β-ODAP was higher in Bio L 212 Ratan and Nirmal B-1. The lower levels of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nitrogen, water content, and higher trypsin inhibitor activity of WBK-14-7 and WBK-13-1 may explain the higher developmental time and lower fecundity of C. maculatus on these varieties. These results suggest that infestations of C. maculatus may be easier to manage on WBK-14-7 and WBK-13-1 than on the other varieties of khesari seeds.

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