scholarly journals Role of Increased Exercise Therapy Time in Stroke Rehabilitation

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Raja Muhammad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Asadullah Siddiqui ◽  
Qaiser Jamal Mail
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Prevention Studies ◽  
Normal Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Participants

Introduction: Stroke, is an important and well known cause of disability and physical impairment among adults all-over the world. The most commonly accepted treatment to rehabilitate patients with stroke is physiotherapy. The present review is an attempt to explain the impact of increased exercise therapy time (physical or occupational), compared to the normal duration of therapies in patients with stroke.Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane to review published literaturein this area. Electronic searches have shown limited studies, which investigates the effects or no effects of increased duration of physiotherapy in patients following an attack of stroke. Articles, which reported on healthy participants i.e. people without stroke, were excluded. Also excluded were primary prevention studies, economic evaluations, and simple case reports.Results: A total of 175articles were identified using the keywords in the above mentioned databases. However, following the designedinclusion and exclusion criteria for this review only 11articles were included in this review.Conclusion: The result of this review supports the substantiate effectiveness of increased duration of exercise therapy among patients with stroke, as it has a favourable effect on activities of daily living. However, further research is needed in this area due to limited availability of high quality published evidence.J MEDICINE July 2015; 16 (2) : 105-111

The Grief and Bereavement Experiences of Informal Caregivers: A Scoping Review of the North American Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 082585972110522
Author(s):  
Neerjah Skantharajah ◽  
Carol Barrie ◽  
Sharon Baxter ◽  
M. Carolina Borja ◽  
Anica Butters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Grief And Bereavement ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care ◽  
The Impact

Background Informal caregivers are a significant part of the hospice and palliative care landscape as members of the interdisciplinary care team. Despite this, little is known about the impact this responsibility has on informal caregivers’ experiences of grief and bereavement. To address this, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to explore the current state of knowledge toward grief and bereavement of informal caregivers of adult/geriatric patients in the hospice and palliative/end-of-life care realm within North America. Methods Using Arksey and O’Malley's 5-step framework, key electronic health care and social sciences databases (eg, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO) alongside gray literature sources were searched and screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. A thematic content analysis was used to identify key themes. Results 29 articles met the final inclusion criteria with 3 central themes emerging: (1) mediators of grief, (2) grief experiences, and (3) types of grief. Discussion Informal caregivers encounter unique grief and bereavement experiences: The range of psychosocial outcomes, both negative and positive, can be affected by various mediators such as caregiver burden, demographics, disease type of the patient being cared for, etc. Bereavement interventions must be designed with the mediators of grief in mind. Conclusions Understanding the nuances of informal caregivers’ experiences with grief and bereavement will inform and advance practice, policy, and research. Practitioners/clinicians should be further educated on how to properly acknowledge the complexity of grief and bereavement for informal caregivers, specifically paying attention to mediators. Further research needs to consider the role of culture.

[P1-630]: THE IMPACT OF PAIN ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN SEVERE DEMENTIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_10) ◽  
pp. P540-P540
Author(s):  
Hanne Marie Rostad ◽  
Martine Puts ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Inger Utne ◽  
Ellen Karine Grov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Effect of Odour Valence and Odour Detection Threshold on the Withholding and Cancellation of Reach-to-Press Responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Albayay ◽  
Umberto Castiello ◽  
Valentina Parma
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Introduction Withholding uninitiated actions and cancelling ongoing ones are two main components of response inhibition, a key element of the executive control. Inhibitory performance is sensitive to emotional contexts elicited by subliminal and supraliminal visual material. However, whether stimuli from other sensory modalities, such as odours, would equally modulate response inhibition remains unclear. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of task-irrelevant odours as a function of their valence and threshold on both action withholding and action cancellation of reach-to-press movements. Method Thirty-two healthy participants performed a Go/No-Go task that included the presentation of pleasant (orange) and unpleasant (trimethyloxazole) odour primes at supra- and sub-threshold levels; clean air was included as a control condition. The reach-to-press responses were composed of an initial release phase and a subsequent reaching phase. Results Only the supra-threshold pleasant (vs. control) odour impaired action withholding. Moreover, the pleasant (vs. control) odour—presented at both sub- and supra-threshold levels—elicited more accurate Go responses, whereas the sub- and supra-threshold pleasant and unpleasant (vs. control) odours triggered faster responses in the release phase. Additionally, only the supra-threshold pleasant (vs. unpleasant) odour impaired action cancellation in the reaching phase. Furthermore, reaching responses were slower following the supra-threshold unpleasant (vs. control) odour. Conclusions Our findings extend the sparse literature on the impact of odour stimuli on goal-directed behaviour, highlighting the role of both odour valence and threshold in the modulation of response inhibition. Implications Determining the mechanisms by which odour stimuli modulate response inhibition lays the foundations for research on odour-triggered disinhibition.

scholarly journals Pathways To Pain And Disability: The Impact of Early Social Deprivation And Educational Attainment In Newly Diagnosed Osteoarthritis Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroditi Kouraki ◽  
Tobias Bast ◽  
Eamonn Ferguson ◽  
Ana Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Previous research established links between pain and cognitive function on one hand and pain and anxiety on the other, and there is some evidence linking osteoarthritis to lower educational attainment. However, the inter-play of these factors and the role of key social factors (social deprivation) at the early disease stages are not understood. Using data from waves 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (n = 1,240), we tested how social deprivation, education and anxiety, before diagnosis, affects the relationship between cognitive function, pain and independence (activities of daily living) in a subsample of respondents reporting a diagnosis of osteoarthritis at wave 6, with cross-lagged panel models. We show that social deprivation, before osteoarthritis diagnosis, predicts functional impairment in daily living after diagnosis, with this effect partly mediated by impaired cognitive function, and that education before diagnosis is protective against impairments in daily living after diagnosis via better cognitive function and lower anxiety at wave 5. Therefore, improving cognitive function and managing anxiety may mitigate the negative impact of social deprivation and low educational attainment on independent living and help to promote independence in patients with osteoarthritis.

The Janus Face of Neutrophil Specific Antigen CD177 in Bacterial Infection: Focal Disease Versus Systemic Disease

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 1108-1108
Author(s):  
Behnaz Bayat ◽  
Vanessa Santoso ◽  
Beate Kehrel ◽  
Ulrich J Sachs ◽  
Sentot Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Abstract 1108 CD177, also known as NB1 (or HNA-2) is a GPI-linked glycoprotein, which is exclusively expressed on neutrophils. Approximately 3 to 5% of healthy individuals do not express this antigen on their neutrophils (NBnull). Recent data demonstrated a strong upregulation of NB1 on neutrophils in patients with bacterial, but not viral infections. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon, however, is unknown. Our previous studies showed that NB1 functions as a partner of endothelial PECAM-1 and therefore plays a role on neutrophil diapedesis. Consequently, neutrophils carrying NB1 (NB1plus) migrate faster through endothelial cells than NBnull neutrophils. However, several studies have documented an abrogation of neutrophil migratory abilities in sepsis conditions. In this study, we aim to clarify the impact of neutrophil NB1 expression in bacterial sepsis. To mimic this condition in vitro, we first compared the transendothelial migration ability of NB1 phenotyped neutrophils after stimulation with the bacterial peptide fMLP in a transwell system. Lower transmigration ability (75% vs. 40%) was observed in fMLP-treated NB1plus neutrophils (n = 5) in comparison to untreated neutrophils. In contrast, no significant difference in the migration ability was observed between fMLP-treated and untreated NB1null neutrophils (n = 3). Expression analysis by flow cytometry showed a dose-dependent upregulation of NB1 after stimulation with fMLP (10−6 to 10−8 μM) in NB1plus neutrophils. Interestingly, down regulation of PECAM-1 expression was observed in these treated cells. Contrary, no PECAM-1 downregulation was detected in NBnull fMLP-treated neutrophils. These results could be confirmed by immunoblotting analysis using specific antibodies directed against different epitopes on NB1 (mabs 7D8, MEM166) and against different PECAM-1 Ig domains (mabs PECAM1.1, 1.2 and 1.3). Analysis of the supernatants of fMLP-treated neutrophils demonstrated the shedding of PECAM-1 from NB1plus, but not from NB1null neutrophils. These results indicate that shedding of PECAM-1 from neutrophils during bacterial infections depends on NB1 expression. Recent studies showed that a single nucleotide polymorphism (42C>G) located in NB1 promoter region is associated with the regulation of NB1 expression. Individuals homozygous for C allele express high NB1 surface density in comparison to individuals homozygous for G allele. Our association study showed higher frequency of C allele in patients with bacterial sepsis (n=98) compared with healthy cohort (n = 132) (8.16% vs. 12.88%; P<0.03). This observation indicates the role of C42 allele (or high NB1 expression) as genetic risk factor for bacterial sepsis. All together, these data demonstrate a reverse role of NB1 expression in focal and systemic infection, indicating favourable effect of low NB1 in systemic bacterial infection. This phenomenon may be caused by reduction of neutrophil directionality and motility due to NB1-mediated PECAM-1 shedding. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Sleep and Interrogation: Does Losing Sleep Impact Criminal History Disclosure?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatan Krizan ◽  
Anthony J Miller ◽  
Christian A Meissner
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Investigative Interviews ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Study Objectives Despite centuries of using sleep deprivation to interrogate, there is virtually no scientific evidence on how sleep shapes behavior within interrogation settings. To evaluate the impact of sleeplessness on subjects’ behavior during investigative interviews, an experimental study examined the impact of sleep restriction on disclosure of past illegal behavior. Methods Healthy participants from a university community (N=143) either maintained or curbed their sleep (up to 4 hours a night) across two days with sleep monitored via actigraphy. They were then asked to disclose past illegal acts and interviewed about them. Next, they were re-interviewed following an example of a detailed memory account (model statement). Disclosures were blindly coded for quantity and quality by two independent raters. Results Sleep-restricted individuals reported similar offenses, but less information during their disclosure with slightly less precision. Model statement increased disclosure but did not reduce the inhibiting impact of sleep loss. Mediation analysis confirmed the causal role of sleep as responsible for experimental differences in amount of information, and subjects’ reports suggested impaired motivation to recall information played a role. Conclusions The findings suggest that even moderate sleep loss can inhibit criminal disclosure during interviews, point to motivational factors as responsible, and suggest investigators should be cautious when interrogating sleepy subjects.

scholarly journals Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Exploring the Role of Stroke and Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215013271985250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Stamm ◽  
James F. Burke ◽  
Chun Chieh Lin ◽  
Rory J. Price ◽  
Lesli E Skolarus
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objectives: We sought to determine the relative contributions of stroke, dementia, and their combination to disability and racial differences in disability among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 6848 community-dwelling older adults. We evaluated the associations of stroke, dementia, and their combination with activities of daily living (ADL) limitations (range 0-7). We then explored the impact of stroke and dementia on race differences in ADL limitations using Poisson regression after accounting for sociodemographics and comorbidities. Results: After full adjustment, ADL limitations differed among older adults with stroke and dementia. Older adults without stroke or dementia had 0.32 (95% CI 0.29-0.35) ADL limitations compared to 0.64 (95% CI 0.54-0.73) with stroke, 1.36 (95% CI 1.20-1.53) with dementia and 1.84 (95% CI 1.54-2.15) with stroke and dementia. Overall, blacks had 0.27 (95%CI 0.19-0.36) more ADL limitations than whites. Models accounting for stroke led to a 3.7% (95%CI 2.98%-4.43%) reduction in race differences, while those for dementia led to a 29.26% (95%CI 28.53%-29.99%) reduction and the stroke-dementia combination −1.48% (95%CI −2.21% to −0.76) had little impact. Discussion: Older adults with stroke and dementia have greater disability than older adults with either of these conditions alone. However, the amount of disability experienced by older adults with stroke and dementia is less than the sum of the contributions from stroke and dementia. Dementia is likely a key contributor to race differences in disability.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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