scholarly journals Insights into the bioactive compounds, antioxidant potential and TLC profiling of different extracts of Tomato plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sium Ahmed ◽  
Faisal Bin Rahman ◽  
Shawon Ahmed ◽  
Abdullah Mohammad Shohael
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Plant Parts

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a widely cultivated vegetable crop worldwide and its consumption is increasing day by day. The only edible part of tomato plant is its fruit. Therefore, the residual tomato plant parts are considered as waste after fruit collection despite some portion of it is used as livestock feed and in the production of fertilizer. Moreover, due to the consumption issue, much of the research is focused on tomato fruit rather than other plant parts. Bioactive compounds can be present in any part of the plant and can be isolated and recovered. Therefore, tomato plant may be useful as a source of bioactive compounds. Our study focuses on the phytochemical constituents and bioactive compounds that are present in different parts of the tomato plant that were being less studied before. Qualitative phytochemical tests were performed to identify the presence of different bioactive compounds. Saponins, tannins, glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids and resins are present in significant amount. Total phenol, total flavonoids, total tannin, and total protein content were measured quantitatively. Leaf samples showed higher concentrations of bioactive compounds than roots and stem. Highest total phenol content (66.43 mg/g), total flavonoids content (28.00 mg/g), total tannin content (7.36 mg/g) and total protein content (26.55 mg/g) was found from the leaf water extract. DPPH scavenging assay was performed to find the antioxidant potential and positive results were found. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was also employed to check the constituents. Our study found several spots for different samples and their retention factors (Rf) were evaluated. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(2): 65-77, 2018 (December)

Prediction of Human Acute Toxicity by the Hep G2/24-hour/Total Protein Assay, with Protein Measurement by the CBQCA Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Total Protein Assay

In our previously described Hep G2/24-hour/total protein assay, protein levels were measured by using the Lowry method. This assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) study. In order to increase the MEIC data-base with a wider range of chemicals, we were interested in introducing the more practical 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) method for the quantification of the total protein content. Therefore, we investigated whether the same good results for the prediction of acute human toxicity would be obtained with the CBQCA method. The cells were treated for 24 hours, then cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the total protein content with CBQCA. The results were quantified by using the PI50c: the concentration (in mM) of test compound required to reduce the total protein content measured with the CBQCA-method by 50% as compared to the control cells. The results were compared with the PI50, the corresponding value when the Lowry method was used. A relatively low correlation was observed between PI50 and PI50c, reflecting the large and unexpected, differences when using the two protein assays. However, when comparing the log PI50c with the human toxicity, a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.761 ( n = 44) was obtained for exactly the same series of MEIC chemicals. This value is clearly higher than that for the Lowry method ( r2 = 0.695). Compared to the Lowry method originally used, the Hep G2/24-hour/CBQCA total protein assay has the additional important advantage that it can be very easily adapted for large-scale analyses with robotic systems, including the on-line calculation of the results.

Total protein content and protein synthesis within pre-elongation stage bovine embryos

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Thompson ◽  
A.N.M. Sherman ◽  
N.W. Allen ◽  
L.T. McGowan ◽  
H.R. Tervit
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Bovine Embryos

scholarly journals Surface topography of hydroxyapatite affects ROS17/2.8 cells response

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Luiz Rosa ◽  
Márcio Mateus Beloti ◽  
Richard van Noort ◽  
Paul Vincent Hatton ◽  
Anne Jane Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Powder Pressing

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgery as a bone substitute. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of surface topography produced by the presence of microporosity on cell response, evaluating: cell attachment, cell morphology, cell proliferation, total protein content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. HA discs with different percentages of microporosity (< 5%, 15%, and 30%) were confected by means of the combination of uniaxial powder pressing and different sintering conditions. ROS17/2.8 cells were cultured on HA discs. For the evaluation of attachment, cells were cultured for two hours. Cell morphology was evaluated after seven days. After seven and fourteen days, cell proliferation, total protein content, and ALP activity were measured. Data were compared by means of ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test, when appropriate. Cell attachment (p = 0.11) and total protein content (p = 0.31) were not affected by surface topography. Proliferation after 7 and 14 days (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.003, respectively), and ALP activity (p = 0.0007) were both significantly decreased by the most irregular surface (HA30). These results suggest that initial cell events were not affected by surface topography, while surfaces with more regular topography, as those present in HA with 15% or less of microporosity, favored intermediary and final events such as cell proliferation and ALP activity.

Development and regression of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. H268-H272 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickson ◽  
G. T. Hammons ◽  
J. O. Holoszy
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Exercise Induced

Adult female rats were exercised by daily swimming. All the increase in heart weight induced by the exercise occurred within 14 days and averaged 30%. The half times of the increases in heart weight and total protein content were about 4.5 days, whereas that of cytochrome c, which was used as a mitochondrial marker, was 6.5 days. The total amounts of DNA and of hydroxyproline in the heart, which were used to evaluate the degree of connective tissue hyperplasia, increased only slightly (8% and 10%, respectively). Other animals were subjected to the same swimming program for 21 days. Groups of rats were killed at various time intervals after stopping exercise. Heart weight, total protein content, and total cytochrome c content decreased rapidly initially, with 60% of the total regression of hypertrophy occurring during the first week. Thereafter, heart weight fell more gradually toward the sedentary control value. The hydroxyproline content of the heart, which was increased 10%, did not decrease during the regression of the hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition of Milk from Cow, Sheep and Goat Raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola, Two Localities of ‘Alto Casertano’ (Campania Region)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Antimo Di Maro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Campania Region

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.

STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF SEASONAL FACTORS ON CASEIN AND WHEY PROTEIN CONTENT IN RAW MILK AND CHEESE YIELD

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
L. Bahdanava ◽  
A. Podryabinkina ◽  
I. Bahdanau ◽  
T. Savelyeva
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
National Average ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Seasonal Factors

The article presents the results of research to study seasonal changes in the content of total protein, casein and whey proteins in raw milk and to analyze their impact on cheese yield. It was determined that the lowest casein content in raw milk (18% lower than the national average) was observed in October and March. The linear dependence of the cheese yield on both the total protein content and casein content was established.

Effect of Tacca Starch Loading on Production of Amylolytic Enzymes from Ragi Tapai

2020 ◽  
Vol 987 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Nurul Syafiqa Izyan ◽  
Dg Nurdayana Azman ◽  
Nur Amalina Mohd Saad ◽  
Suhaila Mohd Sauid ◽  
Fazlena Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Amylolytic Enzyme ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Medium Increase ◽  
Optimum Production

The study was done to determine the effect of Tacca starch loading on production of amylolytic enzyme from Ragi Tapai. In this study, Ragi Tapai was used as a starter to produce amylolytic enzyme. The fermentation was done in a solid state fermentation with the presence of Tacca leontopetaloides starch as the carbon source. The analysis of total sugar was conducted using DNS method and amylolytic enzyme was determined using Lowry method. The mixture was fermented and incubated for 24, 48, 72 and 96h. The result revealed that the optimum production of amylase was found at 48 h of incubation with amylase activity of 1.91 U/ml/min and 1.42 mg/ml for total protein. The study shows that increment amount of the Tacca starch in cultivation medium, increase the production of the amylase and total protein content. The highest enzyme activity was obtained at 4% of Tacca starch loading with amylase activity and total protein content of 2.14 U/ml/min and 1.42 mg/ml respectively. The study indicated that growth promoters in Tacca starch capable to enhance the activity of microbial consortium in Ragi Tapai for production of the amylolytic enzyme.

A comparative study of the protein content of some helminths and the suitability of assay methods

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
S. M. A. Abidi ◽  
W. A. Nizami
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Brilliant Blue G ◽  
Coomassie Brilliant Blue ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Phenol Reagent ◽  
Coomassie Brilliant

ABSTRACTThe protein content of fresh homogenates and their corresponding TCA precipitated fractions of 10 different species of helminths was estimated by the methods of Lowry et al. and Spector using the Folin phenol reagent and Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 respectively. The former method gives exaggerated values as compared to the latter method. The parasite phenols, phenolic proteins and catecholamines could be responsible for interference in the Lowry's procedure. The TCA non-precipitable moieties also give colour only with the Folin phenol assay. The pronounced intra-specific differences in the total protein content of helminths reflect their metabolic variations and adaptations. Habitat does not appear to influence the protein content of parasites, however, the effect of host variation was evident in the pouched amphistome G. crumenifer. It is concluded that the dye binding method gives more consistent results and it can be conveniently applied to crude tissue homogenates of helminths.

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