scholarly journals Effect of Fish Oil on The Serum Urea Level in Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Long Evans Rats

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Md Shameem Ahmed ◽  
Ayesha Yasmin ◽  
Md Ashraf Ahmed ◽  
Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
Rashed Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Urea Level ◽  
Group A ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Gentamicin is used worldwide as bactericidal agent against severe gram negative infections. Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity can be minimized by administration dietary fish oil. Objectives: The present study was designed to observe the possible potential effect of Fish oil on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Long Evans rats. Materials and Methods: The experimental study was carried out in the department of anatomy at Dhaka Medical College (DMC) among 40 Long Evans rats of both sex with the weight ranges from 172-255 gm and the age ranges from 7 to 10 weeks. The rats were divided into four groups-Group A (normal control) received normal saline, group B, C and D received gentamicin for 6 days. Rats of group C received fish oil capsule for 9 days with gentamicin and group D received fish oil capsule with gentamicin for total 10 days. Serum urea level was measured at the end of experiment. Results: The serum urea (mean±SD) levels in group A, B, C and D was 4.79±0.32, 12.41±1.22, 6.95±0.91 and 6.18±1.00, respectively. The gentamicin treated rats (group B) had shown increased serum urea levels in comparison to fish oil (group C&D) treated rats. The difference between groups were highly significant (P<0.001) for group A&B, A&C, B&C and B&D. The difference between groups A&D (P<0.01) were moderately significant. Whereas the difference between C&D (P>0.05) was not significant. Conclusion: Fish oil treatment showed some protective effects against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. The results also indicated that effectiveness of fish oil depends on a suitable duration of pretreatment. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-2, July 2020, Page 83-86

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin E on Serum Urea Level on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Long Evans Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Md Shameem Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Ashraf Ahmed ◽  
Md Rezwanur Rahman ◽  
Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
Mushtari Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Urea Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background: The kidneys have an important role in eliminating the final products of metabolic activities, excreting the drugs and chemicals. A variety of frequently used drugs have been demonstrated to produce nephrotoxic effects. Objective: This study was carried out to observe the effect of vitamin E on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by assessing serum urea level in Long Evans rats. Materials and method: The experimental study was carried out on 40 healthy Long Evans rats of both sex with the weight ranges from 172-255 gm and the age ranges from 7 to 10 weeks. The rats were divided into four groups - Group A (normal control) received normal saline, group B, C and D received gentamicin for 6 days, rats of group C received vitamin E capsule for total 9 days with gentamicin whereas group D received vitamin E capsule for total 10 days with gentamicin. Serum urea level was measured at the end of the experiment. Results: The (mean±SD) serum urea levels in group A, B, C and D were 4.79±0.32, 12.41±1.22, 7.56±1.11 and 7.15±1.09 mmol/L respectively. The differences between groups were highly significant (p<0.001) for group A & B, A & C, A & D, B & C, B & D whereas the difference between C & D (p>0.01) was not significant. Serum urea level of the normal saline control group (group A) was within the normal limit (4.79 mmol/L). Serum urea level in gentamicin treated rats (group B) was more in comparison to gentamicin and vitamin E treated rats (group C & D) and pretreatment with longer duration group (group D) showed lower serum urea value than shorter one (group C) though the groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Vitamin E treatment showed some protective effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The results also indicated that effectiveness of vitamin E depends on duration of pretreatment that means the pretreatment duration must be increased to a suitable period for better protection against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Delta Med Col J. Jan 2019 7(1): 11-15

A Comparative Study of Lignocaine, Pethidine, Ketamine and Placebo for Prevention of Pain on Propofol Injection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Shagufta Naaz ◽  
Erum Ozair ◽  
Adil Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Saline Group ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Pain caused by propofol injection is a common occurrence. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of three drugs, lignocaine, pethidine and ketamine for prevention of pain during propofol injection. Materials and Methods: This double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel multi-arm study was done after written informed consent and ethics clearance. Hundred patients of ASA I and II, 18-65 years of age, and with body mass index 18-30 kg/m2 were included. Exclusion criteria were significant cardiovascular or hepatic diseases, renal insufficiency, and a history of allergy to the study drugs. Group A (Normal Saline), Group B (Ketamine 25 mg), Group C (Lignocaine 20 mg) and Group D (Pethidine 25 mg) were pre-treated with 2 ml of the study agents before propofol injection. The primary outcome was the incidence of pain with propofol injection and the secondary outcomes were the induction time, pain scores at various time intervals, the incidence of recall of pain after surgery, haemodynamic changes and adverse effects. Results: There were highly significant differences (p<0.001) in the incidences of pain during propofol injection in group A and the other three groups. The difference in incidence of pain was also significant between Group C and other groups. The differences in the pain scores (p<0.001) and recall of pain (p<0.05) between group A and the other three groups were significant. Conclusion: Lidocaine may be considered as a good choice for the purpose of reduction of pain during propofol injection.

scholarly journals Melatonin protects uterus and oviduct exposed to nicotine in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Nazanin Seyed Saadat ◽  
Fahimeh Mohammadghasemi ◽  
Sina Khajeh Jahromi ◽  
Mohammad Amin Homafar ◽  
Mostafa Haghiri
Keyword(s):  
Saline Group ◽  
Estradiol Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Estradiol Level ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Er Alpha ◽  
Group D ◽  
Estrus Phase

Abstract Smoking is associated with higher infertility risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate protective effects of melatonin on the uterus and oviduct in mice exposed to nicotine. Adult female mice (n=32) were divided into four groups. Group A: control animals received normal saline, Group B: injected with nicotine 40 μg/kg, Group C: injected with melatonin 10 μg, Group D: injected with nicotine 40 μg/kg and melatonin 10 μg. All animals were treated over 15 days intraperitoneally. On the 16th day, animals in the estrus phase were dissected and their uterus and oviducts were removed. Immunohistochemistry was recruited for studying apoptosis and for detection of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha in luminal epithelium of the uterus and oviduct. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for serum estradiol level determination. Nicotine in group B decreased estradiol level and ERalpha numbers both in the uterus and oviduct (p<0.05). Co-administration of melatonin-nicotine in Group D ameliorated the histology of the uterus and oviduct, increased ERalpha numbers and reduced apoptosis in the uterus and oviduct compared with the nicotine Group B (p<0.05). This study indicates that nicotine impairs the histology of the uterus and oviduct and co-administration of melatonin-nicotine ameliorates these findings, partly through alteration in ERalpha numbers and reduction of apoptosis

scholarly journals RESVERATROL ATTENUATES OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: AN EXPERIMENTAL RAT MODEL

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Urea Level ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-nephrotoxic effects of Resveratrol in cisplatin induced nephrotoxic albino Wistar rats. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was performed at Isra University, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Thirty male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups: group-A (control), group-B (cisplatin) and group-C (cisplatin+Resveratrol). Biochemical [serum urea, creatinine and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] and renal histomorphology was performed in all groups after 21 days of treatment. RESULTS: Difference in mean pre- and post-experimental body weight was observed in all three groups. Mean body weight decreased from 241.7±8.5 gm to 196.50±9.34 gm and from 237±7.4 gm to 207.2±6.56 gm in group-B and group-C respectively. In group-A; mean serum urea was 22.7±2.66 mg/dl, serum creatinine was 0.45±0.05 mg/dl and serum GPX was 1.44±0.13 ηg/ml. In group-B; mean serum urea level was 51±3.65 mg/dl, mean serum creatinine was 0.78±0.05 mg/dl and serum GPX was 0.85±0.11 ηg/ml. In group-C, mean serum urea level was 32.8±1.45 mg/dl, serum creatinine level was 0.41±0.09 mg/dl and serum GPX was 1.53±0.08 ηg/ml. In group-A, renal structure was intact, marked changes were observed in renal histology of group-B while group-C displayed less glomerular damage. The mean distance between visceral and parietal layers of Bowman’s capsule was 69.34±0.87 µm in group-A, 216.5±1.32 µm in group-B while 102.22±1.65 µm in group-C. Areas of peritubular fibrosis and congestion were observed in groups B and C but less prominent in group-C compared with group-B. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol therapy is a potent anti-nephrotoxic regime showing promising results in chemotherapy induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Potential effect of Nigella sativa against Diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
S. E. AHMED ◽  
G. BRELLOU (Γ. ΜΠΡΕΛΛΟΥ) ◽  
A. A. GAMEEL ◽  
P. LOUKOPOULOS (Π. ΛΟΥΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽  
I. VLEMMAS (Ι. ΒΛΕΜΜΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Protective Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective of the investigation was the study of potential protective effects of the watery extract of Nigella sativa against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. N. sativa was administered to rats for protection against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. It was administered prior to, simultaneously with or after injection of diethylnitrosamine. Five groups of Wister rats were used. Group A was administered diethylnitrosamine and N. sativa simultaneously, group B was administered only diethylnitrosamine and group C received only N. sativa. These three groups were maintained for up to eight weeks. Group D received N. sativa six weeks after administration ofdiethylnitrosamine,while group E (“protective group”) received N. sativa on day 1 and diethylnitrosamine six weeks later. These two groups were maintained for up to 12 weeks. All rats were subjected to partial hepatectomy to enhance carcinogenesis. P-isoform of glutathione s transferase (GST-P) was detected in the cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes. The number of GST-P positive foci was significantly smaller in test groups (A, D, E), particularly in groups A and E, when compared with to those in group B, indicating that N. sativa has protective effects against diethylnitrosamine induced liver cancer in rats, even in the very early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ivermectin and Topical Permethrin in the Treatment of Scabies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mohsena Akhter ◽  
Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽  
Zulfiqer Hossain Khan ◽  
Mahfuza Akhter ◽  
Gulam Kazem Ali Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in our country. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which is an ecto-parasite infesting the epidermis. Scabies is highly contagious. Prevalence is high in congested or densely populated areas. Individuals with close contact with an affected person should be treated with scabicidal which is available in both oral and topical formulations. The only oral but highly effective scabicidal known to date is Ivermectin. Amongst topical preparations, Permethrin 5 % cream is the treatment of choice. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of oral Ivermectin compared to topical Permethrin in the treatment of scabies. Methodology: This prospective, non-randomized study was conducted at the out-patient department of Dermatology and Venereology of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital over a period of 6 months, from August 2016 to January 2017. The study population consisted of one hundred patients having scabies, enrolled according to inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. group A was subjected to oral Ivermectin and the group B to Permethrin 5% cream. Patients were followed up on day 7 and 14 for assessment of efficacy and safety. Result: The mean scoring with SD in group A (Ivermectin) and group B (Permethrin) were 8.26 ± 2.22 and 7.59 ± 2.01 respectively at the time of observation. The difference between the mean score of the two group is not significant (p=0.117) the mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 4.54 ± 2.05 and 1.64 ± 1.84 respectively at 7thdays. The difference between the mean score of the two group is significant (p<0.001). The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 2.68± 2.35 and .36± 1.10 respectively at 14th day difference between the mean score of the group is significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Topical application of permethrin 5% cream is more effective and safer than oral Ivermectin in the treatment of scabies. TAJ 2020; 33(1): 41-47

Effect of Sample Storage Conditions on Body Burden Analysis of Organic Contaminants in Unionid Mussels

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Unionid Mussels ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Abstract In order to quantitatively assess the effect of sample storage conditions on the body burden analysis of organic contaminants, a comparative analysis was carried out on the unionid mussel Elliptic complanata. The mussels were divided into two groups, each with distinct storage conditions, while Group A was kept in the freezer at −20°C, Group B was kept in the refrigerator for five days at 5°C. All the compounds present in the control were also present in Group B samples. Analysis of the organic contaminants in each of these two groups showed that for total PCB concentrations, the two treatments were not significantly different; however when compared individually 6 of the 13 PCB congeners showed significant differences. The observed differences were relatively small for individual PCB congeners (7.1 to 15.3%), higher for chlorobenzenes (10.5 to 36.4%), and yet higher for HCE (44.1%); the difference for HCE, although large is nevertheless not significant, even if only marginally so.

The Effect of Prophylactic Ephedrine on Systemic Hypotension Caused by Induction of Anaesthesia with Propofol and Sufentanil in Elderly Hypertensive Patients: A Prospective Randomized, Double-blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Normal Saline Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Elderly Hypertensive ◽  
Elderly Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Group B

Objective: To study the effectiveness of prophylactic ephedrine to prevent hypotension caused by induction of anesthesia with propofol and sufentanil in elderly hypertensive patients. Methodology: 70 elderly ASA grade II-III hypertensive patients undergoing elective general anesthesia were randomized into two groups to receive either intravenous ephedrine,100 ug/kg in 5ml normal saline (Group B), or an equal volume of normal saline (Group A) before induction. Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Heart Rate (HR) were recorded at T0 (after entry to the operating room), T1 (1 min after induction), T2 (2 min after induction), T3 ( 3 min after induction), T4 (4 min after induction), T5 (when intubated), T6 (2 min after intubation), and T7 (at the start of the procedure), as well as the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia. Results: SBP, DBP and HR were not significantly different at T0 and were significantly different at T1 to T7 after anesthesia induction. There were statistically significant effect on hypotension and bradycardia between the two groups and group B have a lower risk of hypotension and bradycardia relative to group A. SBP and DBP decreased significantly after induction in both groups. HR decreased significantly in group A while increased in group B. Conclusion: Ephedrine pretreatment can minimize hypotension and bradycardia caused by propofol and sufentanil during the induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients with hypertension.

scholarly journals The Pandemic and Changes in the Self-Perception of Teacher Digital Competences of Infant Grade Students: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4756
Author(s):  
Rosalía Romero-Tena ◽  
Carmen Llorente-Cejudo ◽  
María Puig-Gutiérrez ◽  
Raquel Barragán-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Group A ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Without having a reaction time, the pandemic has caused an unprecedented transformation in universities around the world, leading to a revolution from structured models anchored in the conception of transmission of training towards a teaching approach-learning saved thanks to the incorporation of technology. This study aims to verify whether the pandemic situation has influenced the digital competence self-perception of students. Comparing two groups during the academic years 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, the instrument used is the questionnaire for digital competence “DigCompEdu Check-In” for future teachers. After the educational intervention, group A (before COVID-19) presented higher self-perceptions of competence than group B (during COVID-19); the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has negatively influenced students’ self-perception of their digital skills in the pretest in the different dimensions under study. Before receiving the training, the group that did not experience the pandemic enjoyed a higher self-perception of their competencies than the group that experienced the pandemic. The data obtained indicate that the difference exists, and that it is statistically significant, and may be a consequence of the clear relationship between self-perception and the way in which students face reality through their personal and subjective vision.

Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde ◽  
Halimot Olawalarami Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objectives This study examined the possible protective roles of exogenous glycine (Gly) and L-Arginine (l-Arg) against Diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastro-duodenal damage in rats. Methods Rats were divided into Group A (control), Group B (DIC group) and Groups C–F which were pre-treated for five days with Gly1 (250 mg/kg), Gly2 (500 mg/kg), l-Arg1 (200 mg/kg) and l-Arg2 (400 mg/kg), respectively, before co-treatment with DIC for another three days. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were then carried out. Results DIC produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in PCV (13.82%), Hb (46.58%), RBC (30.53%), serum total protein (32.72%), albumin (28.44%) and globulin (38.01%) along with significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum MPO activity (83.30%), when compared with control. In addition, DIC increased gastric H2O2 and MDA levels by 33.93 and 48.59%, respectively, while the duodenal levels of the same parameters increased by 19.43 and 85.56%, respectively. Moreover, SOD, GPx and GST activities in the DIC group were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the stomach (21.12, 24.35 and 51.28%, respectively) and duodenum (30.59, 16.35 and 37.90%, respectively), compared to control. Treatment with Gly and l-Arg resulted in significant amelioration of the DIC-induced alterations although l-Arg produced better amelioration of RBC (29.78%), total protein (10.12%), albumin (9.93%) and MPO (65.01%), compared to the DIC group. The protective effects of both amino acids against oxidative stress parameters and histological lesions were largely similar. Conclusions The data from this study suggest that Gly or l-Arg prevented DIC-induced gastro-duodenal toxicity and might, therefore be useful in improving the therapeutic index of DIC.

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