scholarly journals Techno-economic performance of 4-row self-propelled mechanical rice transplanter at farmers field in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
AKMS Islam ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
AKML Rahman ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
MI Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Labor Requirement ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost

Mechanical transplanting is an emerging technology in Bangladesh agriculture. Deadong DP480 rice transplanter was used to conduct the experiment which is imported from South Korea and China. The performance of this machine needs to be thoroughly investigated in local condition. This experiment was conducted in Boro (2015) season in the farmers’ field at Gosaidanga in Shailkupa upazila under Jhenaidah district and at Rashidpur in Mithapukur upazila under Rangpur district. Two treatments, i.e. T1 = Hand transplanting (HT) and T2 = Mechanical transplanting (MT) were used in the experiment. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated in six plots in each location. Rice variety BRRI dhan28 was used to conduct the experiment in both locations. Fuel consumption of 4-row walking type mechanical transplanter obtained 5.25 L/ha. The field capacity and field efficiency of rice transplanter   obtained 0.11-0.12 ha/hr and 64-70 percent, respectively. Conventional seedbed preparation required 37-55 man-hr/ha whereas 71-77 man-hr/ha required in mat type seedling suitable for mechanical transplanting. Labor requirement in hand and mechanical transplanting ranged from 123-150 and 9.0-10.5 man-hr per hectare which was 19-22 and 1.65-2.00 percent of total labor requirement in rice cultivation, respectively. Number of seedling tray requirement ranged from 215-230 per hectare. Calibration should be done on space and seedling density setting before operation in each plot to get optimum plant spacing and seedling tray requirement. Missing hill obtained 1-2 percent in mechanically transplanted plot. Mechanically transplanted plot showed significantly the higher grain yield (9-14%) than hand transplanted method due to use of infant seedling. The input cost in the form of labor and material was found similar in hand transplanting whereas in mechanical transplanting, labor cost found 12 percent lower than material cost. The cost of growing mat type seedling for mechanical transplanter found 53 percent whereas the cost of raising traditional seedbed found 34 percent of the cost of hand transplanting. Mechanical transplanting reduced 1.8 percent input cost than hand transplanting in crop cultivation. BCR of MT and HT showed 1.18-1.19 and 1.03-1.06, respectively. Mechanical intervention in crop production drastically reduced the labor requirement which can offset the peak labor demand. Mechanical transplanting systems increased yield, improved labor efficiency, ensured timeliness in operation and faster transplanting.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 369-382, 2016

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of BRRI Power Weeder for Low Land Rice (Oryza sativ L.) Cultivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
AKM Saiful Islam ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
M Sh. Islam ◽  
AKM Lutfor Rahman ◽  
MA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Hand Weeding

Mechanical intervention in crop production is increasing rapidly in Bangladesh. Researchers are finding ways to manage weeds in rice field using suitable mechanical devices instead of conventional hand weeding. A study was conducted to evaluate the field performance of BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) power weeder compared to BRRI weeder and hand weeding in the farmers’ field at Rashidpur in Mithapukur upazila under Rangpur district during boro season of 2014-15. Three treatments: T1 = BRRI weeder (BW), T2 = BRRI power weeder (BPW) and T3 = Hand weeding (HW) were used in the experiment. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated in four farmers’ plots. Rice variety BRRI dhan28 was selected for the experiment. The effective field capacity of BW and BPW was found to be 0.06 and 0.09 ha hr-1, respectively. The weeding efficiency was the highest in HW (92%), followed by BPW (78%) and BW (73%). It was found that BW damaged the lowest number of plants (9%) compared to BPW (11%) during weeding operation, although the damaged plants recovered after a few days. BW and BPW reduced 74 and 85% of labor requirement in weeding operation compared to HW. The highest weeding cost was involved in HW (Tk. 4287 ha-1) compared to BW (Tk. 1103 ha-1) and BPW (Tk. 950ha-1). Weed control methods exerted insignificant effect on grain yield. BRRI power weeder and BRRI weeder reduced weeding cost, enhanced weed control and improved the labor efficiency without sacrificing grain yield. The highest BCR was obtained in BPW (1.22) followed by BW (1.16) and HW (1.11). BRRI power weeder and BRRI weeder appeared to be economic, easy and also environmentally safe weed control device in low land rice cultivation. The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 40-48

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on Reducing the Dosage of Chemical Fertiliser by using Empty Fruit Bunch as Soil Amendment on the Growth of Choy Sum

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jiunn Luh Tan ◽  
Kok Yu Ang ◽  
Min Hui Chow ◽  
Eunice Ting Yee Lee ◽  
Kuan Hoong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Growth Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Chemical Fertiliser

Palm oil production results in many valuable products, but it also generates agricultural wastes such as empty fruit bunch (EFB). EFB composting usually produces nutrient-enriched bio-fertilisers and thus, able to help in reducing the chemical fertilisers applied. Most conventional vegetable farmers in Malaysia solely depend on chemical fertilisers in crop production. However, the intensive use of chemical fertilisers has led to various side effects. Thus, this study was to determine the effect on the growth of choy sum by reducing the dosage of chemical fertiliser with EFB compost as soil amendments. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) methods were used in this study. The fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of the choy sum were found to be not significantly different among all the treatments (T1 – T4) and positive control. This study found that T4 with 30% lesser chemical fertiliser applied showed no significant growth difference with the rest of the treatments indicating that EFB may have the ability to help in reducing chemical fertiliser usage in the growth of choy sum. Further study is recommended as this will help in better EFB waste management and lowering the cost of production for local vegetables.

scholarly journals Development of a pull-type onion (Allium cepa L.) sowing machine for seedbed

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Jessa Austria ◽  
Romeo Gavino ◽  
Helen Gavino ◽  
Marvin Cinense
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Delivery Rate ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Sowing Machine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Seeding Efficiency

The conventional sowing method of onion seeds offers great wastage and laborious. This study aimed to develop a pull-type onion sowing machine for seedbed to optimize the sowing of seeds, reduce labor cost, yields better quality onion seedlings, and increases income of onion farmers. The machine was tested and evaluated, in comparison with manual sowing of onion seeds, in terms of seed delivery rate, effective field capacity, field efficiency, seeding efficiency and drawbar power. The cost of sowing seeds using the machine was also determined. Results indicated that machine’s delivery rate was significantly reduced to 5.33 g/m2 from 11.35 g/m2 This resulted to reduction in the quantity of seeds sown for a one-hectare onion production area by about 4-5 cams (1.6 to 2 kg). Machine’s field capacity (375.45 m2/h) was higher than of manual sowing (25.51 m2/h). Field efficiency at 86.94% is higher than 60% threshold given by PAES [3]. The seeding efficiency of 89.70% was statistically the same with three seeds per 25 mm hill spacing. The drawbar power was found out to be 0.15 5kW. The cost of the machine is $1,666.67 with a break-even quantity of 9,226.9 m2 or 138.11 cans of onion seeds in 0.62 years.

scholarly journals Modification of Portable Power Tiller for Small Scale Weeding Operation

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
A. Zakariyah ◽  
A. M. El–Okene ◽  
U. S. Mohammed ◽  
N. Oji ◽  
I. Abubakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Portable Power ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Power Tiller ◽  
Depth Gauge

Weeds are unwanted and undesirable plant that interfere with the utilization of land and water resources and adversely affect crop production. After preliminary study, it was found out that power tiller could be adopted for weeding. Therefore, the study aimed at improving its performance through modification of some major component such as: weeding blades and depth gauge.  Three sets of pairs of blade gang of four, six and eight were made from 3 mm mild steel sheet metal. The fabrication was carried out at the Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The modified machine was evaluated based on weeding efficiency, field capacity, Plant Damage and Fuel consumption in the maize field during 2017/2018 irrigation season at Institute for Agricultural Research, IAR, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria research farm. Four levels of blade types ‘B’ and three levels of weeding depth ‘D’ were considered. The field was laid in a 4×3 Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at two (2) Weeks After Sowing (2WAS). DMRT was used for mean separation ran in SAS package. The results showed effects of blade types and weeding depth were significant on the weeding performance of the machine.

Study on scope and existing cropping pattern at south-western saline region of Bangladesh​

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 2278-2286
Author(s):  
P. Hajong ◽  
M. H. Rahman ◽  
M. S. Rahman ◽  
K. U. Ahammad ◽  
M. I.​ Islam
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Saline Area ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Equivalent Yield

One of the major restrictions influencing crop production in Bangladesh's coastal districts is salinity. In order to better understand the specific conditions in the south-western region of Bangladesh, where significant salinity and problems in crop production prevail, this study took place in two districts, namely Satkhira and Khulna. Six upazila were selected for the current study: Satkhira Sadar, Kaligonj, and Dumuria in Satkhira, and Batiaghata and Dacope in Khulna. Among the selected farmers, about sixty six percent of farmers were small farmers. The average farm size was 0.83 ha. Most of the land of the saline area was covered by a single crop with T. Aman. Ninety percent of the farmer of Satkhira Sadar upazila cover T. Aman-mustard-boro, which was the main cropping pattern. T. Aman-mustard, T. Aman-wheat, T. Aman-grasspea etc., were the major existing cropping pattern. Different vegetables and other field crops such as bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ladies finger, garden pea, potato, sweet potato, maize, chili etc., were cultivated in the study area sporadically. Most of the cost involved for labor cost in T. Aman rice cultivation. If the farmer cultivates the land by sharecropping from the owner, then farmer gives half of the crop to his landowner. The highest total rice equivalent yield (TREY) was T. Aman-mustard-boro cropping pattern and it was 13.23 t ha-1. Most of the farmers eager to cultivate more new crops. Saline water, water stagnant, insufficient irrigation water, late harvest of T. Aman rice, late ‘joe’ condition etc., were the main constraints to develop a new cropping pattern.

scholarly journals Application of biomass moulding fuel to automatic flue-cured tobacco furnaces: Efficiency and cost-effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2667-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianbao Ren ◽  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Chensheng Xu ◽  
Huilin Feng ◽  
Xianjie Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fuel Source ◽  
Input Cost

Biomass moulding fuel is an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source. We studied an independently-developed automatic flue-cured tobacco furnace, employing a biomass fuel source and studied the effect of biomass moulding fuel onbacco flue curing. We found that 1 kg of dried tobacco required 1.2 kg of biomass moulding fuel (heating value = 3550 kcal per kg). The energy input cost was 1.43 RMB** (fuel and electricity) and the labor cost was reduced by 75%, a reduction of 18.6% compared to the cost of burning coal. With respect to the environmental impact, the average emission concentration of smoke in the exhaust gas from the furnace was 16.2 mg/m3, SO2 was 13.6 mg/m3, and NOx was 2.3 mg/m3. Ringelmann blackness was less than 1. Compared to burning coal, all emissions were very low, demonstrating that the biomass moulding fuel furnace saved energy and reduced emissions compared to coal. In addition, the quality of cured tobacco and economic index were significantly improved.

Determination of the minimum number of technological bases of a part

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
B.M. Bazrov ◽  
T.M. Gaynutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Price ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Size Accuracy ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of technological bases is considered before the choice of the type of billet and the development of the route of the technological process. A technique is proposed for selecting the minimum number of sets of technological bases according to the criterion of equality in the cost price of manufacturing the part according to the principle of unity and combination of bases at this stage. Keywords: part, surface, coordinating size, accuracy, design and technological base, labor input, cost price. [email protected]

Design and development of manually operated gladiolus planter

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
TAPAN K. KHURA ◽  
H. L. KUSHWAHA ◽  
SATISH D LANDE ◽  
PKSAHOO . ◽  
INDRA L . KUSHWAHA
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Immense Potential

Floriculture is an age-old farming activity in India having immense potential for generating selfemployment and income to farmers. However, the cost of cultivation of flower is high as compared to cereal crop. Level of mechanization for different field operations is one but foremost reason for the higher cost of cultivation. As most of the Indian farmers are marginal and small, a need for manually operated gladiolus planter was felt. The geometric properties of gladiolus corm were determined for designing the seed metering system and seed hopper of the planter. The planter was evaluated in the field when pulled by two persons as a power source and guided by a person. The coefficient of variation and highest deviation from the mean spacing was observed as 12.93% and 2.65cm respectively. The maximum coefficient of uniformity of 90.59% was observed for a nominal corm spacing of 15cm at 0.56 kmh-1 forward speed. An average MISS percentage was observed as 2.65 and 2.25 for nominal corm spacing of 15 and 20 cm. The multiple index was zero for two levels corm spacing and forward speed of operation. The QFI was found in the range of 97.2 and 97.9 percent. The average field capacity of the planter was observed as 0.02 hah-1.The average draft requirement of the planter was found as 821 ± 50.3 N.

Deferring Crisis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Stewart Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Land Use Practices ◽  
Ecological Regime

This chapter explores the ecological regime of slavery and the land-use practices employed by farmers across the antebellum South. Despite the diverse ecologies and crop regimes of the region, most southern farmers employed a set of extensive agricultural techniques that kept the cost of farming down and helped circumvent natural limits on crop production and stock-raising. The use of shifting cultivation, free-range animal husbandry, and slaves to perform erosion control masked the environmental impacts of farmers’ actions, at least temporarily. Debates over westward expansion during the sectional crisis of the 1850s were not just about the extension of slavery, they also reflected practical concerns regarding access to new lands and fresh soil. Both were necessary for the continued profitability of farming in the South.

scholarly journals The Influence of Opencast Lignite Mining Dehydration on Plant Production—A Methodological Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Benedykt Pepliński ◽  
Wawrzyniec Czubak
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Opencast Mines ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Depression Cone ◽  
The Cost

In many circles, brown coal continues to be viewed as a cheap source of energy, resulting in numerous investments in new opencast brown coal mines. Such a perception of brown coal energy is only possible if the external costs associated with mining and burning coal are not considered. In past studies, external cost analysis has focused on the external costs of coal burning and associated emissions. This paper focuses on the extraction phase and assesses the external costs to agriculture associated with the resulting depression cone. This paper discusses the difficulties researchers face in estimating agricultural losses resulting from the development of a depression cone due to opencast mineral extraction. In the case of brown coal, the impacts are of a geological, natural-climatic, agricultural-productive, temporal, and spatial nature and result from a multiplicity of interacting factors. Then, a methodology for counting external costs in crop production was proposed. The next section estimates the external costs of crop production arising from the operation of opencast mines in the Konin-Turek brown coal field, which is located in central Poland. The analyses conducted showed a large decrease in grain and potato yields and no effect of the depression cone on sugar beet levels. Including the estimated external costs in the cost of producing electricity from mined brown coal would significantly worsen the profitability of that production.

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