scholarly journals Assessing genetic diversity of Maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes for agronomic traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanjida Rahman ◽  
Md Mukul Mia ◽  
Tamanna Quddus ◽  
Lutful Hassan ◽  
Md Ashraful Haque
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Ear Height

Maize is one of the most important cereals globally and a promising cereal supplement in Bangladesh. The current study was undertaken to assess genetic diversity among nine maize genotypes. Data were recorded on seven morphological traits viz. plant height (cm), ear height (cm), ear length (cm), ear diameter (cm), number of kernels/ear, 1000-kernel weight (g) and yield/plant (g). Statistical analysis showed significant variation among maize genotypes. Considering plant height, ear length, ear diameter, ear height, number of kernels/ear and yield/plant BHM-7 was observed as the best one. Among all the traits higher phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for yield/plant. Genetic advance was highest for 1000-kernel weight followed by number of kernels/ear. The correlation study revealed only two positive significant associations: plant height with yield/plant and ear diameter with ear length. Nine genotypes were grouped into three clusters. These all clearly indicated the presence of ample genetic diversity among maize genotypes which can be exploited in future breeding program for better utilization of maize germplasm.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 53-61, April 2015

scholarly journals Evaluation of agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability in some popular wheat genotypes cultivated in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al-Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Days To Maturity

The present study was carried out to evaluate agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability of some wheat genotypes at Qassim region, Saudi Arabia', during 2010/11 and2011/12 seasons. Fourteen wheat genotypes including five bread wheat and nine durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten different yield contributing characters viz., days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, number of spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield and straw yield. The combined analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences between years for most characters. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. Maximum coefficient of variation was observed for number of spikes m-2 (17%), while minimum value was found for days to maturity. Four genotypes produced maximum grain yield and statistically similar, out of them two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) and the other two were durum wheat (AC-5 and BS-1). The genotypes AC-3, AC-5 and BS-1 had higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the traits studied was greater than those of the genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability estimates (> 0.5) were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height, while the other characters recorded low to moderate heritability. The high GA % for plant height and days to heading (day) was accompanied by high heritability estimates, which indicated that heritability is mainly due to genetic variance. Comparatively high expected genetic advances were observed for grain yield components such as number of kernels spike-1 and 1000-kernel weight. Grain yield had the low heritability estimate with a relatively intermediate value for expected genetic advance. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior durum wheat genotypes for grain yield in the two seasons (AC-5 and BS-1) are clustered in group II (Fig. 2). Also, the superior two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) were in group I. Therefore, it could be future breeding program to develop new high yielding genotypes in bread and durum wheat.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance and genotypic diversity for morphological traits among early maize genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhim Nath Adhikari ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Bishal Dhakal ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Joshi ◽  
Naba Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Ear Height

Detailed information on the genetic diversity between maize germplasm (Zea mays L.) is useful for their systematic and efficient use in breeding programs. Fourteen early maize genotypes were studied to assess their performance and genotypic diversity at Doti, Nepal in 2015. Days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter and grain yield were significant among genotypes. Genotype SO3TEY-PO-BM, COMPOL-NIOBP and ACROSS-99402 were found higher yielder with earlier maturity. Days to tasseling (0.85), days to silking (0.82), plant height (0.79), ear length (0.71) and ear diameter (0.66) were found highly heritable traits. Grain yield (0.39) and ear height (0.47) medium and remaining traits showed low heritability. High PCV was observed for grain yield (35.10%), number of plants/plot (34.46%), tesseling silking interval (26.85%), harvested ears/plot (24.45%) and husk cover rating (22.85%) where other traits showed medium to low PCV. Grain yield showed high GCV (21.96%), ear height and husk cover had medium and remaining traits showed low GCV (<10%). Plant height (r₌0.498), harvested plants/plot (r₌0.412), harvested ear/plot (r₌0.762), ear length (r₌0.472) and ear diameter (r₌0.470) showed significant positive correlation with grain yield. The yield can be improved if selection applied in favor of those yield components.

scholarly journals Kandungan Minyak 30 Genotipe Jagung dan Korelasinya terhadap Beberapa Karakter Agronomi

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Nailatul Karomah ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
Dan Muhammad Azrai
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Corn Breeding ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Industrial Demand

Industrial demand for maize oil has been increasing and therefore corn breeding efforts began to focus on developing improved maize varieties with high oil content. The objectives of this research were to determine oil content of maize genotypes and its relationship with several agronomic traits. The oil content of maize genotypes ranged from 3.77 to 5.46%. Based on the correlation analysis, oil content correlated significantly with plant height, ear height, embryo weight, kernel weight, endosperm weight, and embryo and endosperm area ratio. In addition, oil content of maize genotypes could be estimated by a regression model involving embryo and endosperm area ratio, endosperm weight, ear height, cob lenght, number of kernel rows, number of kernel per row, cob diameter, and husk coverage (R2 = 79.66%; P = 0.0001). The oil-correlated traits and regression model obtained can be considered for facilitating selection for high oil maize genotypes. In addition, the results indicate that high oil maize can be bred and selected without affecting yield.Keywords: high oil maize, simultaneous selection, stepwise regression

scholarly journals Heterosis for Flowering Time and Agronomic Traits among Early Open-pollinated Sweet Corn Cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.E. Dickert ◽  
W.F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Very High

Heterosis in corn (Zea mays L.) usually results in earlier flowering, larger plants, and increased yield. In extremely early sweet corn the effect of heterosis on flowering time may be reduced or eliminated due to developmental and physiological requirements for vegetative growth before the transition to reproductive phase. The objective of this study was to determine the level of heterosis and the combining ability for flowering time and other agronomic traits in a diallel cross of six very early open-pollinated sweet corn cultivars. The diallel was grown in 1995 and 1996. Hybrids and parents averaged over hybrids differed for silk date, plant height, ear height, 10-ear weight, ear length, and 100-kernel weight but did not differ for row number and ear width. Heterosis for silk date was significant, but the difference between parents and hybrids was very small, 0.5 day. No hybrids were earlier than the earliest parent, and average midparent heterosis was -0.8%. In contrast midparent heterosis was significant and relatively high for 100-kernel weight (10.0%), ear length (12.9%), ear height (8.6%), plant height (9.0%), and 10-ear weight (28.2%). The traits with low heterosis had very high general combining ability/specific combining ability ratios while these ratios were much smaller in traits with high heterosis. Heterosis for many of the traits, including 10-ear weight, was higher than published values. Conversely, heterosis for flowering time was small, compared to other traits in this study and to published values for silk date, indicating that this extremely early germplasm may be at or near the limit for flowering time under the photoperiod and temperatures typical of summer in Madison, Wis. (43.05°N, 89.31°W).

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Maize Hybrids and Populations and Interrelationships among Grain Yield and Its Related Traits under Drought and Low N Using Multivariate Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Al- Naggar ◽  
M. M. Shafik ◽  
Rabeh Y. M. Musa ◽  
A. S. M. Younis ◽  
A. H. Anany
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Maize Genotypes

One of the best biometrical methods for estimating genetic diversity among germplasm collections is multivariate analysis; it is used to study their variability and genetic relatedness in order to increase their value in plant breeding programs. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) evaluate the magnitude of genetic diversity, based on phenotypic data, among 19 maize genotypes, under drought and/or low N stressed conditions in the field, using principle component analysis (PCA) and (ii) assess the interrelationships between maize grain yield and its related traits under such stressed conditions using genotype × trait (GT) biplot analysis. An experiment was conducted in two seasons using a split-split plot design with 3 replications, where 2 irrigation regimes (well-watered and water stressed at flowering) occupied the main plots, three N rates (high N, medium N and low N) occupied the sub plots and 19 maize genotypes occupied the sub-sub plots. The genotypes were evaluated for 19 agronomic traits. Analysis of variance was performed under each of the six environments. Significant differences (p≤0.01) were recorded among the maize genotypes for all studied traits under each environment. The best genotypes for each trait were identified. Results of the GT biplot indicated that high means of 100-kernel weight (100-KW), ears/plant (EPP), ear height, days to silking, days to anthesis, plant height, and chlorophyll concentration index (CCI) under water stress (WS), kernels/row (KPR), EPP, 100-KW and CCI under low N and KPR, EPP and 100-KW under WS combined with low N environment and low values of anthesis-silking interval (ASI) under the three stressed environments could be considered selection criteria for high grain yield under respective stressed environments and for drought and/or low N tolerance. It is recommended to select for high values of KPR, EPP and 100-KW and low value of ASI in order to increase grain yield under such stressed conditions.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
N. A. Ivy ◽  
M. Shalim Uddin ◽  
R. Sultana ◽  
M. M. Masud
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Ear Height

Genetic divergence of 25 genotypes of maize were estimated using D2 and Principal Component Analysis. The genotypes under study fell into five clusters. The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra cluster distances suggesting wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different groups. The intra-cluster value was maximum in cluster V and minimum in cluster I. The inter cluster D2 values showed the maximum distance between cluster II and III followed by the distance between II and I. The cluster means were higher for days to maturity, plant height and ear height in cluster II; grain yield per plant was higher in cluster IV. Genotypes were much in use having the above mentioned characters in clusters II and IV would offer a good scope for the improvement of this crop through hybridization and rational selection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17027

scholarly journals Combining ability estimates in maize (Zea mays L.) Through line × tester analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ahmed ◽  
S Begum ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
M Ratna ◽  
MR Karim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Ability Estimates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Ear Height

Eighteen advanced S4 lines of maize extracted from NK46 were evaluated through line × tester method by using two testers for grain yield and its components. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects of crosses were determined to evaluate the prospective inbred lines. Highly significant genotypic differences for all of six characters, i.e. days to 50% tasselling, Days to 50% silking, plant height, ear height, 1000 kernel weight, and yield indicated presence of wide range of variability among the genotypes for those traits. Non-additive gene action was predominant. Four lines for days to 50% tasselling, one for days to 50% silking, two for plant height, one for ear height, three for 1000 kernel weight, and four for yield were found with significant GCA effects in desired direction. For days to tasselling, days to silking, plant height and ear height, none of 36 cross combinations confirmed significant SCA effects. Five combinations showed significant positive SCA effects for 1000 kernel weight. For yield two crosses showed significant positive SCA. Considering the results of present study, based on GCA and SCA analysis of observed characters seven lines namely, NK46-2, NK46-4, NK46-10, NK46- 13, NK46-18, NK46-43 and NK46-44 were selected for further breeding programBangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 425-436, September 2017

Yield performance with heritability measurements of half sib families obtained from maize variety Azam

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Faizan Mahmood, Hidayat- Ur-Rahman, Nazir Ahmad ◽  
Fahim-ul- Haq ◽  
Samrin Gul, Quaid Hussain ◽  
Ammara Khalid ◽  
Touheed Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Sib Families

This study evaluated the performance of 64 half sib families (HSF) derived from “Azam” variety of maize using partially balanced lattice square design with two replications. Data were recorded on grain yield and other agronomic traits. Observations showed difference in half-sib families for studied traits. Among the 64 half-sib families, minimum days to 50% tasseling (51 days) were observed for HS-49 while maximum (57 days) for HS-63. Minimum days to 50% silking (56 days) were counted for HS-6 while maximum (63 days) for HS-23. Minimum days to 50% anthesis (55 days) were counted for HS-1 and HS-6 while maximum (62 days) for HS-23. Similarly, minimum ASI (-2 days) were observed in HS-1, HS-15, HS-16, HS-28 and HS-63 while maximum (2 days) in HS-48. Minimum (60 cm) ear height was recorded for HS-11 and maximum (93.5 cm) for HS-28. Minimum fresh ear weight (1.3 kg) was weighted for HS-17 while maximum (3.2 kg) for HS-21. Grain moisture was recorded minimum (19.35 %) for HS-19 and maximum (31.25%) for HS-2. HS-42 showed minimum (28 g) 100 kernel weight while HS-5 showed maximum (47 g). Grain yield was minimum (2323 kg ha-1) for HS-17 and maximum (5742 kg ha-1) for HS-21. Maximum heritability estimate (0.92) was recorded for fresh ear weight, while minimum (0.41) was observed for ear height.

QTL Identification for Plant Height and Ear Height Based on SNP Mapping in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Bo ZHENG ◽  
Xiao-Hong YANG ◽  
Jian-Sheng LI ◽  
Jian-Bing YAN ◽  
Shi-Long ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Snp Mapping ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Qtl Identification

scholarly journals Selección para calidad fisiológica de la semilla y rendimiento en líneas S2 derivadas de cuatro poblaciones tropicales de maíz (Zea mays L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Enrique Navarro ◽  
Cristina Vega ◽  
Fernando Narváez ◽  
Hugo Córdova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Flower Plant ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

This study was carried out in 1993 to evaluate S2 lines from four maize tropical populations improved by reciprocal recurrent selection. These lines were evaluated under field and laboratory conditions, the latter one to determine physiology quality. The main goal was to measure genetic variability within and among populations for traits such as grain yield, vigor and germination and to select the best lines under field and laboratory conditions. The combined analysis of variance showed great genetic variability among the S2 lines within and among populations for grain yield, days to flower, plant and ear height, among others. The maximum genetic variability was observed on the lines from population 43 and pool 23 for most of the traits, although the latter showed a greater genetic variability for grain yield. Besides, it is important to mention that the above populations included the best genotypes for grain yield, germination and vigor. Taking into account the above mentionel agronomic traits, fifteen lines were selected; 2 belong to population 43* pool 20, 2 from pool 19* pool 23, 8 from population 43, and 3 from pool 23. These results confirm the genetic superiority of the lines from populations 43 and pool 23, so that these populations should be recommended for future genetic improvement by reciprocal recurrent procedures.

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