Effects of Dietary Vibroactivated Clinoptilolite Supplementation on the Intramammary Microbiological Findings in Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary vibroactivated clinoptilolite supplementation on the intramammary microbiological findings in dairy cows, causative agents of potential intramammary infection, and their sensitivity to antibiotics. Cows (n = 78) were randomly divided into two groups: CPL-treated group that received clinoptilolite (CPL) in-feed (n = 38), i.e., 50 g natural powdered zeolite CPL, twice daily from the seventh month of pregnancy to 75 days after calving, and the control group (CON) of untreated cows (n = 40). Milk samples were taken from each cow on days 7, 25, 45, and 75 postpartum. The following causative pathogens were isolated in 86 udder quarters: Staphylococcus aureus in 5.81% of positive samples, Staphylococcus spp. 9.32%, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) 22.09%, Streptococcus uberis 13.95%, Streptococcus agalactiae 1.16%, Streptococcus sp. 3.49%, Escherichia coli 8.13%, Enterococcus spp. 6.98%, Corynebacterium spp. 11.63%, Pasteurella sp. 10.47%, Serratia spp. 2.33%, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Citrobacter sp., Prototheca sp., and yeasts each in 1.16% of samples. Additionally, 3.87% of environmental microflora samples (n = 47) and 89.06% of udder samples (n = 1083) were bacteriologically negative. The most effective antibiotics were cefoperazone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, while cloxacillin and tetracycline were the least effective antibiotics in both groups. In the clinoptilolite supplemented (CPL) group (n = 38) of 14 cows, nine causative agents of mastitis were isolated in 27 quarters, while in the control (CON) group (n = 40) of 24 cows, 13 causative agents of mastitis were isolated in 59 quarters. Cows from the CON group had a 1.96 times higher risk of intramammary infection than cows from the CPL group during the observation period (odds ratio = 1.96, p = 0.0031; 95% CI = 1.2570–3.0770).

Arcanobacterium pyogenes and encrusted pyelitis

Aim: Trueperella pyogenes is known to affect cattle, but was never isolated as a cause of human urinary tract infections. Clinical case: A 69-year-old male presented for recurring low urinary tract symptoms after a 20-day ciprofloxacin regimen for prostatitis. He previously underwent open right nephrolithotomy and left ureterovesical junction reimplantation for an iatrogenic distal ureteral stricture. Computed tomography showed spontaneous cortical calcifications; renoscopy was performed and deep cultures from the pelvis were taken; culture on chocolate agar revealed T. pyogenes. Intravenous teicoplanin for 3 weeks resulted in resolution of low urinary tract symptoms with regression of bladder and ureteral thickening. Conclusion: T. pyogenes can cause encrusted pyelitis in humans especially evoked in a context of persisting or recurring urinary tract infections.

Isolation and Diagnosis of Pathogenic Bacteria from the Bowels of Local Chicken and Identifying Some of the Virulence Factors

This study was conducted to the isolation and identification of bacteria from chicken intestine and livers in Mosul city. A total of 35 samples from intestine and 35 liver samples from local chicken were collected during a period from September 2018 to March 2019, the bacteria were diagnosed according to morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The results showed (100%) positive to bacterial isolation for each samples of intestine and liver, (12) types of bacteria from (71) isolates for intestine, while (10) types from (36) isolates for liver. E. coli formed the highest percentage of intestinal isolates (28.16%), while Corynebacterium spp formed the highest percentage in liver isolates (33. 33%).The bacterial types were isolated from intestine included: E. coli (28.16%) Corynebacterium spp (25.35%), Enterococcus faecalis (15.49%), Klebsiella pneumonia (8.45%), Bacillus spp (7.04%), Proteus spp (5.63%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.22%), Lactobacillus spp (2.81%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (1.4%), Citrobacter spp (1.4%). The bacterial types were isolated from liver included: Corynebacterium spp (33.33%), E.coli ( 19.44%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.6%), Bacillus spp (11.11%), Enterococcus faecalis (5.55%), Klebsiella pneumonia (5.55%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.77%), Listeria monocytogenes (2.77%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (2.77%). The bacterial types isolated from both intestine and liver were, E.coli, Corynebacterium spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, Enterococcus faecalis ,Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus spp and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. The virulence factors tests were used for some liver isolates which included, protease, licethinase, lipase, urease, coagulase and haemolysin.

Latest information in relation to Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome of sows

The «Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome» (PPDS), that is referred in literature as «Periparturient Hypogalactia Syndrome» (PHS), causes important economical losses in die global swine industry. The aetiology of syndrome includes endotoxins and generally die negative, as well as some positive gram bacteria (colibacteroides, ß-haemolytic streptococci G and L, staphylococci, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Proteus, Bacteroides, Clostridium and Haemophilus). Moreover, several aetiological agems of functional hypoagalactia, factors associated widi stress of sows and conditions that contribute in the proliferation of bacteria and consequendy in the potential endotoxemia (e.g. cystitis, metritis, vaginitis, constipation, mastitis), seem to play a significant role. Risk factors that are often suspected for PPDS are the health status of sows (Fat Sow Syndrome-¥SS, extended duration of parturition, post-partum pyrexia, teat malformation and injuries, as well as hypoplasia of mammary glands), the housing and management conditions of the sow around parturition (slippery floors, hygiene, temperaturehumidity of rooms, reduced activity of the sows, watering system), as well as diet composition (concentration of fiber, proteins, vitamin E and selenium). The clinical signs are characterized mainly by disorders of lactation and health status of sows (anorexia, depression, pyrexia, constipation and abnormal postpartum vulval discharge), as well as from decreased litter performance (unsuccessful attempts for suckling, intense discomposure, diarrhoea, poor growth rates, unevenness of litters regarding to body weight of piglets, increase of preweaning mortality).

Trueperella (Arcanobacterium pyogenes) in Farmed White-Tailed Deer

Trueperella is a harmless bacterium in intestinal tracts of ruminants like deer, cattle, and pigs, but if it migrates out of the intestine to other areas of an animal’s body and proliferates, it can make the animal sick. Trueperella causes many problems in deer, including lesions, abscesses, and pneumonia, and it is one of the types of bacteria that is known to contribute to the disease lumpy jaw. In young fawns, it is a common cause of death. This 3-page fact sheet written by Kathryn D. Pothier, Katherine A. Sayler, and Samantha M. Wisely and published by the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation explains how to spot and treat trueperella, or, better yet, prevent it in the first place.­http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw427

Unusual caudal vena cava thrombosis in a cow, secondary to Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes infection

The caudal vena cava thrombosis, or pulmonary thromboembolism, in cattle is correlated with lactic acidosis, caused by diets rich in grains and highly fermentable, associated or not to septic situations, used in feedlots of beef or high-producing dairy cattle. This paper reports an unusual caudal vena cava thrombosis in a cow, secondary to Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes infection, resulting in reduced milk production, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, ruminal atony, sternal decubitus and autoauscultation position. The heart was enlarged at necropsy, presence of clots distributed along the thoracic cavity, adherence between lung and pleura, abscesses, emphysema, petechiae, suffusions and ecchymosis in lungs, thickening of the caudal vena cava wall, hepatomegaly with chronic passive congestion ("nutmeg" aspect), and rumenitis. In lab, the actinomycete Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes was isolated from liver and lung samples, probably resulting through dissemination of the bacteria of the rumen content, what reaffirms the opportunistic behavior of this actinomycete.

The Prevalence of Pasteurella Multocida from Farm Pigs in Serbia

The investigations covered a total of 234 lungs from necropsied pigs with different pneumonic lesions, from 6 farrow-to-finish pig farms during 2013 and 2014. The samples were inoculated on selective culture media and aerobically incubated at 37°C and in carbon dioxide condition. The isolated bacterial colonies were further characterised morphologically and biochemically. The identification was confirmed using the BBL Crystal, E/N, G/P ID Kit (Becton Dickinson). For determination of the type of Pasteurella multocida, the PCR method was used. The findings showed that bacteria were isolated from 202 (86%) out of 234 examined lung samples. The pure isolates of Pasteurella multocida were obtained from 71 (35 %) samples. Out of the remaining 29 (14%) examined lung samples, 9, 8, 7 and 5 examined lung samples were shown as mixed cultures of Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus spp., Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis, respectively. The PCR method confirmed that all 15 investigated strains of P. multocida belong to type A.