scholarly journals Vegetarian practices, body composition and dietary intake among Hindus and Buddhists in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Cheah Whye Lian ◽  
Chang Kam Hock ◽  
Tang Mei Fong ◽  
Lekkha Yuvaraj ◽  
Ryan Dylan Aldrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Wide Range

Though vegetarians own the privilege of a wide range of health benefits and of much lower risk of many diseases, they are also cut off many essential nutritional values. This study aimed to determine the vegetarian practices, body composition and dietary intake of vegetarians among Hindus and Buddhists in Kuching, Sarawak. Using questionnaire and anthropometric measurement, this cross-sectional study was carried out in Hindu and Buddhist temples in Kuching. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 22. A total of 114 respondents participated in the study, with mean age of 45.8 years (SD±16.01), females (57%), and majority Buddhists (81.6%). Majority of the respondents were on lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (71%) with more among the Hindus. More than half of the respondents were overweight and obese (64.1%). About 58% of the respondents were found to have abnormal waist circumference and 78.1% with over fat percentage. Buddhist respondents consumed more carbohydrates than Hindus. Hindu respondents consume more macro-nutrients such as protein and fat with a mean intake of 102.9 g (SD ±34.60) and 20.9 % of total energy intake respectively and more micro-nutrients. Vegetarian diet does not warranty healthy body as the quality and quantity of the food intake can influence the nutritional status of a person. Knowledge on choice of food should be imparted to improve their health status. South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.8(1) 2018: 3-9

scholarly journals Daily Coffee and Green Tea Consumption Is Inversely Associated with Body Mass Index, Body Fat Percentage, and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Middle-Aged Japanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Yonekura ◽  
Masakazu Terauchi ◽  
Asuka Hirose ◽  
Tamami Odai ◽  
Kiyoko Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Bmi

This study aimed to investigate the links between coffee (CF)/green tea (GT) consumption and body composition/cardiovascular parameters in middle-aged Japanese women. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 232 Japanese women aged 40–65 years who had been referred to the menopause clinic of Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between November 2007 and August 2017. Body composition, cardiovascular parameters, and CF/GT consumption frequency were evaluated on their initial visits, using a body composition analyzer, vascular screening system, and brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, respectively. We investigated the associations between variables using multivariate logistic regression. After adjustment for age, menopausal status, and other factors, daily CF consumption was inversely associated with high body mass index (BMI) (adjusted odds ratio, 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.14–0.96) and body fat percentage (BF%) (0.33; 0.14–0.82), and daily GT consumption with high BF% (0.36; 0.14–0.96). Daily CF + GT consumption was also inversely associated with high BMI (0.15; 0.05–0.50) and BF% (0.30; 0.12–0.74). In pre- and perimenopausal women, daily CF + GT consumption was inversely associated with high cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) (0.05; 0.003–0.743). In conclusion, daily CF/GT consumption was inversely associated with high BMI, BF%, and CAVI in middle-aged Japanese women.

scholarly journals Associations of dietary anthocyanidins intake with body composition in Chinese children: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gengdong Chen ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Shujun Liang ◽  
Jinqiu Xiao ◽  
Xinyu Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase

Background: Previous animal and in vitro studies indicated that anthocyanidins might contribute to the prevention of obesity, while epidemiological evidences were scarce and had not been conducted in children. Objective: We explored the associations between anthocyanidins and body composition in children. Design: A cross-sectional study involving 452 children aged 6–9 years in Guangzhou, China, was carried out. Dietary information was collected using a 79-items food frequency questionnaire. Fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and fat mass percentage (FMP) at multi-sites (whole body, trunk, limbs, android area, and gynoid area) were measured using a dual-energy X-ray scan. Abdominal obesity was defined as an age- and sex-specific abdominal FM ≥ 85th percentile. Handgrip strength was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Results: After adjusted for several potential covariates, higher dietary intake of anthocyanidin (per one standard deviation increase) was associated with a 0.013–0.223 kg increase of LM, a 0.024–0.134 kg decrease of FM, and a 0.63–0.76% decrease of FMP at multi-sites (P < 0.05). Results were similar and more pronounced for delphinidin and cyanidin, but less significant for peonidin. Higher dietary anthocyanidin intake (per standard deviation increase) was associated with a 41.0% (OR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.37, 0.94) decreased risk of abdominal obesity. However, no significant associations were observed between anthocyanidin and handgrip strengths. Conclusions: Higher dietary intake of anthocyanidin and its components tended to be associated with better body composition, but not handgrip strength, in Chinese children at early age.

scholarly journals Body Composition Measurement Improved Performance of GLIM Criteria in Diagnosing Malnutrition Compared to PG-SGA in Ambulatory Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2744
Author(s):  
Yanfei Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Chen ◽  
Yunyi Wang ◽  
Ziqi Liu ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Body Composition Measurement ◽  
Composition Measurement

Background and aims: Muscle mass reduction (MMR) is one of the three etiologic criteria in the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) framework. This study aimed to evaluate the value of MMR in GLIM criteria among ambulatory cancer patients. Methods: A single-center prospective cross-sectional study was conducted. All participants underwent calf circumference (CC) measurement and body composition measurement by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). MMR was identified by CC, fat-free mass index (FFMI), appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), or combinations of the above three indicators. Patients-generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was used as the comparator. Results: A total of 562 cancer patients receiving intravenous treatment were evaluated. Of the participants, 62.8% (355/562) were male. The median age of the patients was 59.0 years (range, 21–82 y). The median BMI was 22.8 kg/m2 (range, 14.6–34.5 kg/m2). A total of 41.8% of patients were evaluated as malnutrition (PG-SGA ≥ 4), and 11.9% were diagnosed with severe malnutrition (PG-SGA ≥ 9). For the GLIM criteria, the prevalence of malnutrition was 26.9%, and severe malnutrition was 12.3%. For all criteria combinations of GLIM together versus PG-SGA, sensitivity was 60.4% (53.8–66.7), specificity was 97.9% (95.4–99.1), while the accordance between GLIM and PG-SGA was moderate (κ = 0.614). The performance of the GLIM worsened when MMR was excluded (κ = 0.515), with reduced sensitivity (50.2% (43.7–56.8)) and the same specificity (97.9% (95.4–99.1)). Including FFMI and ASMI by BIA can further improve the performance of GLIM than using CC alone (κ = 0.614 vs. κ = 0.565). Conclusions: It is important to include MMR in the GLIM framework. Using body composition measurement further improves the performance of the GLIM criteria than using anthropometric measurement alone.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Profile and Its Association with Clinical Variables and Dietary Intake in Overweight/Obese and Lean Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2032
Author(s):  
Judit Companys ◽  
Maria José Gosalbes ◽  
Laura Pla-Pagà ◽  
Lorena Calderón-Pérez ◽  
Elisabet Llauradó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Obese Subjects

We aimed to differentiate gut microbiota composition of overweight/obese and lean subjects and to determine its association with clinical variables and dietary intake. A cross-sectional study was performed with 96 overweight/obese subjects and 32 lean subjects. Anthropometric parameters were positively associated with Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea formicigenerans and Dorea longicatena, which had higher abundance the overweight/obese subjects. Moreover, different genera of Lachnospiraceae were negatively associated with body fat, LDL and total cholesterol. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were negatively associated with the genus Intestinimonas, a biomarker of the overweight/obese group, whereas SFAs were positively associated with Roseburia, a biomarker for the lean group. In conclusion, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena and Collinsella aerofaciens could be considered obesity biomarkers, Lachnospiraceae is associated with lipid cardiovascular risk factors. SFAs exhibited opposite association profiles with butyrate-producing bacteria depending on the BMI. Thus, the relationship between diet and microbiota opens new tools for the management of obesity.

scholarly journals Minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6–23 months in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mbusa Kambale ◽  
Gaylord Amani Ngaboyeka ◽  
Joe Bwija Kasengi ◽  
Sarah Niyitegeka ◽  
Boss Rutakaza Cinkenye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
South Kivu

Abstract Background Suboptimal child nutrition remains the main factor underlying child undernutrition in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months old. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study including 742 mothers with children aged 6–23 months old was conducted in 2 Health Zones of South Kivu, Eastern DRC. WHO indicators of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) regarding complementary feeding practices were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the association between sociodemographic indicators and adequate minimum acceptable diet for both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Overall, 33% of infants had minimum acceptable diet. After controlling for a wide range of covariates, residence urban area (AOR 2.39; 95% CI 1.43, 3.85), attendance postnatal care (AOR 1.68; 95% CI 1.12, 2.97), education status of mother (AOR 1.83; 95% CI 1.20, 2.77) and household socioeconomic status (AOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.14, 2.59) were factors positively associated with minimum acceptable diet. Conclusion Actions targeting these factors are expected to improve infant feeding practices in South Kivu.

scholarly journals Allergic rhinitis, asthma and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: a cross-sectional study on their reciprocal relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer Kakaje ◽  
Mohammad Marwan Alhalabi ◽  
Ayham Alyousbashi ◽  
Ayham Ghareeb
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Reflux Symptom Index ◽  
Symptom Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a common medical condition worldwide. It is an inflammation in the nasal mucosa due to allergen exposure throughout the year. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is another medical condition that can overlap with AR. LPR can be considered an extra oesophageal manifestation of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) or a different entity. Its diagnosis imposes a real challenge as it has a wide range of unspecific symptoms. Although AR and LPR are not life-threatening, they can severely affect the quality of life for years and cause substantial distress. Moreover, having AR is associated with having asthma which is also in turn associated with GORD. This is a cross-sectional study which used surveys distributed online on Social Media and targeted people across Syria. All participants who responded to the key questions were included. Reflux symptom index (RSI) was used for LPR, and score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) was used for AR. Demographic questions and whether the participant had asthma were also included in the survey. We found that there was an association between the symptoms of LPR and AR p < 0.0001 (OR, 2.592; 95% CI 1.846–3.639), and their scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.334). Having asthma was associated with LPR symptoms p = 0.0002 (OR 3.096; 95% CI 1.665–5.759) and AR p < 0.0001 (OR 6.772; 95% CI 2.823–16.248). We concluded that there was a significant association between having LPR, AR, and asthma. We need more studies to distinguish between their common symptoms and aetiologies.

scholarly journals Can Anthropometry and Body Composition Explain Physical Fitness Levels in School-Aged Children?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Hsu ◽  
Liang-Sien Chen ◽  
I-Jen Chang ◽  
Wei-Ching Fang ◽  
Sun-Weng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children

Physical fitness (PF) is closely related to various health outcomes and quality of life among children. However, the associations between anthropometry, body composition (BC), and PF are not fully elucidated. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the associations between demographic metrics (age, sex), anthropometric measures (body mass index z-score (BMI z-score) waist/height ratio (WHtR)), BC parameters (body-fat percentage (BF%), muscle weight), and PF levels (800-m run, sit-and-reach, 1-min sit-ups, standing long jump) in school-aged children. Continuous variables were dichotomized by median splits. The results of 180 girls and 180 boys (mean age: 10.0 ± 0.7 years; mean BMI z-score: 0.366 ± 1.216) were analyzed. Multivariable linear regressions revealed that BF% (regression coefficient (B) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5–4.3) was independently correlated with the 800-m run. Sex (B = 4.6, 95% CI = 3.0–6.3), age (B = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.9–4.3), and BMI z-score (B = −0.7, 95% CI = −1.4–−0.1) were independently related to sit-and-reach. Age (B = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.0–4.7), BF% (B = −0.3, 95% CI = −0.4–−0.2), and muscle weight (B = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.2–1.2) were independently associated with 1-min sit-ups. In addition to demography, anthropometry and BC provided additional information concerning some PF levels in school-aged children. Weight management and PF promotion should be addressed simultaneously in terms of preventive medicine and health promotion for children.

scholarly journals Eating Disorders in Top Elite Beach Handball Players: Cross Sectional Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Manuel Vicente-Martínez ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Laura Miralles-Amorós ◽  
María Martínez-Olcina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eat 26

(1) Background: The preoccupation with the increasing appearance of eating disorders (ED) in athletes continues to grow, especially in athletes who practice team sports. ED severely affects the eating habits of the athletes, who tend to use unhealthy approaches to control their body weight. The development of nutritional education and early interventions by training staff is essential, and these factors are widely perceived as beneficial in sports medicine. This study evaluates the frequency at which beach handball (BH) players develop ED, also comparing the differences by sex and age (junior: adolescents vs. senior: young adults). In addition, the relation between body composition variables and ED was studied. (2) Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 69 top elite handball players (36 males and 33 females) from the Spanish National BH Team; who were separated by age (junior: adolescents and senior: young adults). The athletes completed the Eating Attitudes Test in its 26 item version (EAT-26). (3) Results: The prevalence of ED indicated that 11% of females had a high possibility of developing an ED, and 3% of males. Regarding the EAT-26 total score and subscales, no significant differences were found between female and male participants, or between the junior and senior categories. The correlations showed an association between body composition, in terms of body mass index, and the EAT-26 total score in both males and females. In the case of males, the correlation was negative. (4) Conclusions: Although there are no significant differences between sex or categories, it has been found that elite athletes are a population that is at high risk of developing ED.

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