scholarly journals Antibaterial activity of the extracts of pineapple and pomelo against five different pathogenic bacterial isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
ATM Nahid Hasan ◽  
Trisha Saha ◽  
Tasnia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Fruit Samples

To combat the infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, natural candidates are being studied to find out antibacterial activity against the drug-resistant microorganisms. Among the variety of natural candidates of plant origin, many fruits have been proved to have potent antibacterial activity. In the current study, we chose pineapple (Ananas comosus), and pomelo (Citrus maxima) to determine their efficacy against some clinical isolates. Fruit samples were subjected to prepare crude, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extract to determine their antibacterial potency. Clinical isolates were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the extracts against them. The isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant. Out of twenty-eight antibiotics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to ten antibiotics and Salmonella spp. was resistant to nine antibiotics. Rather than the crude extracts of the fruits, ethanol and methanol extracts showed antibacterial activity towards multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. Aqueous extract did not show any significant antibacterial activity at all. Extracts of pomelo fruit exhibited the highest results whereas pomelo skin and pineapple peel crude extracts were the least effective compared to the other extracts. Ethanol extract of pineapple fruit (against all isolates but Staphylococcus aureus) and methanol extract of pomelo fruit (against all isolates) showed the lowest MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of 187.5 μg/ml. MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) was found (within the range of 500 μg/ml to 1000 μg/ml) only with ethanol and methanol extracts of pomelo and pineapple. As the clinical isolates were found to be inhibited by the extracts, they can be used as an alternative for treating infections caused by these bacteria. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 1-6

scholarly journals Novel Seleno- and Thio-Urea Containing Dihydropyrrol-2-One Analogues as Antibacterial Agents

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Shekh Sabir ◽  
Tsz Tin Yu ◽  
Rajesh Kuppusamy ◽  
Basmah Almohaywi ◽  
George Iskander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Quorum Sensing Inhibition ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

The quorum sensing (QS) system in multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa is primarily responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance and is considered an attractive target for antimicrobial drug discovery. In this study, we synthesised a series of novel selenourea and thiourea-containing dihydropyrrol-2-one (DHP) analogues as LasR antagonists. The selenium DHP derivatives displayed significantly better quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) activities than the corresponding sulphur analogues. The most potent analogue 3e efficiently inhibited the las QS system by 81% at 125 µM and 53% at 31 µM. Additionally, all the compounds were screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus, and interestingly, only the selenium analogues showed antibacterial activity, with 3c and 3e being the most potent with a MIC of 15.6 µM.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Lantana camara L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cannabis sativa L. and Justicia adhatoda L. Leaves Extract against Procured Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria In Vitro

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Jyoti Chandola ◽  
Pooja Singh ◽  
Rishabh Garg ◽  
Narotam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Justicia Adhatoda

The scientific study of this research has been focused on synergistic antibacterial activity of two weed plants, Lantana camara L., Parthenium hysterophorus L. alongwith two medicinal plants, Cannabis sativa L., Justicia adhatoda L. against multi- drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Dried leaf powders of the plants were extracted using air-dried method followed by the ethanol- solvent extraction method for the crude extract of the leaves. The crude extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against three MDR bacteria, that is, one Gram positive bacteria- Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram negative bacteria- Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Out of 18 antibiotics tested against procured bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to 10 out of 10 tested antibiotics, Escherichia coli was resistant to 4 out of 12 tested antibiotics and Proteus mirabilis was resistant to 9 out of 10 tested antibiotics. The tested weed plants and the medicinal plants when combined together showed more zone of inhibition against multidrug resistant bacteria ( Two combinations of phytochemicals Lantana camara, Cannabis sativa and Lantana camara, Cannabis sativa, Justicia adhatoda, Parthenium hysterophorus showed maximum zones of inhibition, that is, 30 mm) as compared to when these plants were tested solitarily, showing pronounced antibacterial activity. These findings showed that the antibacterial activity enhanced when they were combined together and this potential could be used against various infectious diseases with more research and modification in this area. Weed plants also holds as much importance as the medicinal plants although not to that extent, but they clearly inhibit the growth of bacteria and this property of weeds along with the medicinal plants holds a promising future in treating many diseases caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria on the pharmaceutical level.

scholarly journals Quorum Sensing Inhibition in Chromobacterium violaceum, Antibacterial Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Centaurea praecox (Oliv. & Hiern) Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1569-1577
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

The quorum sensing (QS) mechanism has become a viable research strategy for the discovery of plant-derived anti-virulent agents to control drug-resistant bacteria. The increasing incidences of drug-resistant bacteria and the effort to curb it necessitate this study. We investigated the QS inhibitory potential of Centaurea praecox extracts on Chromobacterium violaceum (CV), antibacterial activity, and determination of chemical composition using GC-MS. C. praecox was subjected to sequential extraction using hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), ethanol (ET), and aqueous (AQ) solvents. The extracts were subsequently evaluated for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion and QS violacein inhibition using spectrophotometry. The antibacterial effects of the extracts were moderate on gram-positive bacteria at 4 mg/mL in the order: HEX >EA >DCM >ET =AQ. However, the DCM extract demonstrated the most effective violacein inhibition of ≥80% at 0.3 mg/mL. QS violacein inhibitions were generally found to be concentration-dependent in the order: DCM >EA >HEX >ET =AQ with efficacies of ≥ 90% inhibition at ≥ 0.6 mg/mL. GC-MS analysis on the most potent DCM extract revealed N-vinylmethanimine, N-ethyl formamide, and propanamide among components identified. We concluded that C. praecox DCM extract contains bioactive chemicals as QS inhibitors and potential anti-virulent agents capable of combating the pathogenicity of drug-resistant bacteria in vivo.

scholarly journals Synergistic activities of methanol leave extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana, Senna alata, Psidium guajava against selected resistant bacteria isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 049-061
Author(s):  
Joy Ogugua Igwe ◽  
Ugochukwu Moses Okezie ◽  
Moses Nkechukwu Ikegbunam ◽  
Charles Okechukwu Esimone
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana ◽  
Senna Alata

Resistant strains of bacteria has over the years rendered conventional antibiotics ineffective. Consequently, this has resulted to severe infection, prolonged treatment, high cost of treatment and often times death. This study aimed to identify reliable alternative sources of bioactive agents with activity against resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Methanol extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana (MEAW), Senna alata (MESA) and Psidium guajava (MEPG) were tested alone and in combination against three clinical isolates. Ciprofloxacin was used as the positive control drug. A combination of Microscopic, macroscopic and molecular protocols was used to identify the test isolates. The antibiotic profiles of the isolates E. coli (E1), S. aureus (S4) and S. typhi (St2) indicated MultiDrug-Resisitant status (MDR). All the extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity against the resistant isolates with zones of inhibition that ranged between 3.1 – 25 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 – 200 mg/ml. Amongst the extracts tested, MESA was found to be the most active extract while MEPG was the least active extract. The combination of the different methanol extracts demonstrated synergistic effects against the test organisms with a fractional inhibitory concentration that ranged between 0.06 – 0.8 mg/ml. The observed antibacterial activity may be linked to the presence of some bioactive components such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids present in the extracts. The results of this study suggest A. wilkesiana, S. alata and P. guajava may represent reliable sources of important bioactive compounds for new drug development.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Taxodium ascendens Diterpenes against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney M. Starks ◽  
Vanessa L. Norman ◽  
Russell B. Williams ◽  
Matt G. Goering ◽  
Stephanie M. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

One new and seven known diterpenes were identified from an antibacterial chromatographic fraction of Taxodium ascendens. Of these, demethylcryptojaponol (2), 6-hydroxysalvinolone (3), hydroxyferruginol (4), and hinokiol (5) demonstrated potent activity against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These compounds represent a class of synthetically accessible compounds that could be further developed for treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.

Vacancy‐Induced Antibacterial Activity of XS 2– y Quantum Dots against Drug‐Resistant Bacteria for Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis

Small ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (42) ◽  
pp. 2004677
Author(s):  
Huiyuan Li ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Zhao ◽  
Guanhua Li ◽  
Fengyan Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Keratitis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Vancomycin Resistance Among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Obtained from Selected Hospitals in Sokoto Metropolis

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Umar A.I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Mic Value

The decreased vancomycin susceptibility and subsequent emergence of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains is a major public health problem. This study was aimed at detecting the prevalence of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates obtained from patients attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto and Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital Sokoto. A total of 80 S. aureus clinical isolates were obtained from the medical microbiology laboratories of the selected hospitals. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolates was carried out using the agar dilution method and isolates were screened for vancomycin resistance using vancomycin agar screen method. Of the 80 S. aureus isolates studied, 69 (86.0%) were identified as vancomycin susceptible S. aureus (VSSA) with MIC value of ≤2 µg/ml, 11 (13.8%) were identified as vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and had MIC value of 4-8 µg/mL (VISA) and none of the isolates was identified as vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). The study detects high prevalence rate of VISA in the study area and identifies the need for increased public awareness on the danger associated with the presence of drug resistant bacteria. Emphasis should be directed at discouraging practices such as the use of over the counter medications which increase the rate of development of drug resistant organisms. Keywords: Vancomycin, Resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, MIC, VRSA

scholarly journals A Simple Assay to Screen Antimicrobial Compounds Potentiating the Activity of Current Antibiotics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Shahana Urooj Kazmi ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Antibiotic resistance continues to pose a significant problem in the management of bacterial infections, despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. Here, we suggest a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform assay to screen antimicrobial compounds from natural products or synthetic chemical libraries for their potential to work in tandem with the available antibiotics against multiple drug-resistant bacteria. The aqueous extract ofJuglans regiatree bark was tested against representative multiple drug-resistant bacteria in the aforementioned assay to determine whether it potentiates the activity of selected antibiotics. The aqueous extract ofJ. regiabark was added to Mueller-Hinton agar, followed by a lawn of multiple drug-resistant bacteria,Salmonella typhior enteropathogenicE. coli. Next, filter paper discs impregnated with different classes of antibiotics were placed on the agar surface. Bacteria incubated with extract or antibiotics alone were used as controls. The results showed a significant increase (>30%) in the zone of inhibition around the aztreonam, cefuroxime, and ampicillin discs compared with bacteria incubated with the antibiotics/extract alone. In conclusion, our assay is able to detect either synergistic or additive action ofJ. regiaextract against multiple drug-resistant bacteria when tested with a range of antibiotics.

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