scholarly journals Association of Metabolic Factors with Essential Hypertension

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
N Rahman Khandaker ◽  
Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
K Rahat Mahfuz ◽  
AR Khandakar ◽  
MMR Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Hdl

Background-Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so it should call attention. South Asian person has preponderance to it. Objectives-The proper findings of metabolic syndrome are a key to prevent cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is a component of metabolic syndrome with which patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods-This study was carried out in cardiology outdoor of Shaheed Suhrawardy medical college hospital, Dhaka. A total of 322 patients were enrolled from January 2008 to December 2010. Metabolic syndrome was defined as three of the followings: (a) Abnormal fasting serum level of glucose (≥110 mg/dl or 6.1 mmol/L), ( b) abdominal obesity (waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women), (c) Triglycerides (≥150 mg/dl), (d) High density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dl in men and <50 mg/dl in woman), (e) Hypertension, which was common in all patients. Results- Among hypertensive’s patients 31.8% had hyperglycemia, 37.9% had high waist circumference, 69.8% had low HDL cholesterol and 54.3% high triglycerides. As per definition of NCEP-ATP-III, metabolic syndrome had been detected in 17% of male, 37% of female and 27% of the total population. Conclusion- Metabolic factors are a common association in hypertensive cases. These patients are at increased risk of coronary and cerebro-vascular disease and require more vigorous prevention. Furthermore in all hypertensive patients metabolic screening is recommended. TAJ 2011; 24(1): 21-25

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences of Metabolic Factors among the Essential Hypertension Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Md. Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
Md. Nazibur Rahman Khandaker ◽  
Fatema Akhter Banu ◽  
Gobinda Chandra Saha ◽  
Md. Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the association of metabolic syndrome with essential hypertension. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the OPD of the Department of Cardiology at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical college Hospital, Dhaka from January 2008 to December 2010. All the All the Metabolic syndrome was defined as abnormal fasting serum level of glucose (? 110 mg/dl or 6.1 mmol/L) with abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 102 cm in men and > 88cm in women), triglycerides (? 150mg/dl), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (< 40 mg/dl in men and < 50 mg/dl in women) and hypertension. Results: . A total of 322 patients were enrolled Among hypertensive patients 31.8% had hyperglycemia, 37.9% had high waist circumference, 69.8% had low HDL cholesterol and 54.3% high triglycerides. As per definition of NCEP-ATP-III, metabolic syndrome had been detected in 17% of male, 37% of female and 27% of total population. Conclusion: Metabolic factors are a common association in hypertensive cases. These patients are at increased risk of coronary and cerebro-vascular disease and require more vigorous prevention. Furthermore in all hypertensive patients metabolic screening is recommended.Journal of Science Foundation 2014;12(2): 34-38DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v12i2.27736

scholarly journals LCAT, HDL Cholesterol and Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study of HDL Cholesterol in 54,500 Individuals

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. E248-E256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane L. Haase ◽  
Anne Tybjærg-Hansen ◽  
Abbas Ali Qayyum ◽  
Jesper Schou ◽  
Børge G. Nordestgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
Instrumental Variable Analysis ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Hdl

Background: Epidemiologically, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels associate inversely with risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease. Whether this is a causal relation is unclear. Methods: We studied 10,281 participants in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) and 50,523 participants in the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS), of which 991 and 1,693 participants, respectively, had developed myocardial infarction (MI) by August 2010. Participants in the CCHS were genotyped for all six variants identified by resequencing lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in 380 individuals. One variant, S208T (rs4986970, allele frequency 4%), associated with HDL cholesterol levels in both the CCHS and the CGPS was used to study causality of HDL cholesterol using instrumental variable analysis. Results: Epidemiologically, in the CCHS, a 13% (0.21 mmol/liter) decrease in plasma HDL cholesterol levels was associated with an 18% increase in risk of MI. S208T associated with a 13% (0.21 mmol/liter) decrease in HDL cholesterol levels but not with increased risk of MI or other ischemic end points. The causal odds ratio for MI for a 50% reduction in plasma HDL cholesterol due to S208T genotype in both studies combined was 0.49 (0.11–2.16), whereas the hazard ratio for MI for a 50% reduction in plasma HDL cholesterol in the CCHS was 2.11 (1.70–2.62) (Pcomparison = 0.03). Conclusion: Low plasma HDL cholesterol levels robustly associated with increased risk of MI but genetically decreased HDL cholesterol did not. This may suggest that low HDL cholesterol levels per se do not cause MI.

scholarly journals Dietary intake of manganese and the risk of the metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Zhou ◽  
Xuefen Su ◽  
Danting Su ◽  
Fangfang Zeng ◽  
Maggie Haitian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Related Data ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Hdl

AbstractAnimal studies have suggested that Mn might be associated with some components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). A few epidemiological studies have assessed dietary Mn intake and its association with the risk of the MetS and its components among Chinese adults. In this study, we assessed daily dietary Mn intake and its relationship with MetS risk among Chinese adults in Zhejiang Province using data from the 5th Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey (2010–2012). A total of 2111 adults were included. Dietary Mn intake was assessed using 3-d 24-h dietary recalls; health-related data were obtained by questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and laboratory assessments. The mean intake of Mn was 6·07 (sd 2·94) mg/d for men (n 998) and 5·13 (sd 2·65) mg/d for women (n 1113). Rice (>42 %) was the main food source of Mn. The prevalence of the MetS was 28·0 % (590/2111). Higher Mn intake was associated with a decreased risk of the MetS in men (Q4 v. Q1 OR 0·62; 95 % CI 0·42, 0·92; Ptrend=0·043) but an increased risk in women (Q4 v. Q1 OR 1·56; 95 % CI 1·02, 2·45; Ptrend=0·078). In addition, Mn intake was inversely associated with abdominal obesity (Ptrend=0·016) and hypertriacylglycerolaemia (Ptrend=0·029) in men, but positively associated with low HDL-cholesterol in both men (Ptrend=0·003) and women (Ptrend<0·001). Our results suggest that higher Mn intakes may be protective against the MetS in men. The inverse association between Mn intake and the MetS in women might be due to the increased risk for low HDL-cholesterol.

scholarly journals Psychosocial job conditions and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)

2022 ◽  
pp. 140349482110640
Author(s):  
Mia Söderberg ◽  
Helena Eriksson ◽  
Kjell Torén ◽  
Göran Bergström ◽  
Eva Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diastolic Hypertension ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Job Conditions

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between psychosocial work exposure and the presence of biological and imaging biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a sub-cohort of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Psychosocial exposure was evaluated with the job demand–control model, and analysed according to the standard categorization: high strain, active, passive and low strain (reference). Biomarkers (blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, coronary artery calcification (CAC) and metabolic syndrome) were measured, or derived through measurements, from clinical examinations. Gender-specific prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with regression models and adjusted for age, education, smoking, physical activity, general life stress and body mass index (BMI). Results: The analyses included 3882 participants (52.5% women). High strain (high demands–low control) was linked to increased PR for low HDL cholesterol in women, adjusted for all covariates (PR 1.76; 95% CI 1.25–2.48). High strain was also related to moderately increased PR for metabolic syndrome in men, after adjustments for all covariates except BMI (PR 1.25; 95% CI 1.02–1.52). In addition, passive work (low demands–low control) was associated with diastolic hypertension in women (fully adjusted: PR 1.29; 95% CI 1.05–1.59). All relationships between psychosocial factors and LDL cholesterol or CAC (both genders), or hypertension (men), were non-significant. Conclusions: Poor psychosocial job conditions was associated with the presence of low HDL cholesterol and diastolic hypertension in women, and metabolic syndrome in men. These findings contribute to the knowledge of potential pathways between stressful work and coronary heart disease.

scholarly journals Positive association between plasma IGF1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in adult nondiabetic subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Succurro ◽  
Franco Arturi ◽  
Alessandro Grembiale ◽  
Fiorella Iorio ◽  
Irma Laino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Hdl

AimsLow IGF1 levels have been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. It is unknown however whether IGF1 mediates the atherosclerotic process by modulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) independently from confounders. To address this issue, we evaluated the association between IGF1 levels and HDL-C in nondiabetic subjects.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was used in the context of the CAtanzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors Study. One thousand and four participants (aged 20–69 years), for whom HDL-C and IGF1 measurements were available, were eligible for the study.ResultsAfter adjusting for gender and age, IGF1 levels were positively correlated with HDL-C, and negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), triglyceride, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). In a logistic regression model adjusted for age and gender, IGF1 in the lowest tertile (<125 ng/ml) was associated with an increased risk of having low HDL-C (odds ratio (OR) 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–3.0; P=4×10−5) compared with the highest tertile (>186 ng/ml). When BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA index were added to the model, IGF1 remained significantly associated with increased risk of low HDL-C (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01–2.31; P=0.04). A stepwise multivariate regression analysis in a model including age, gender, BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, IGF1, HOMA, and BP showed that the variables significantly associated with HDL-C were gender (P<0.0001), triglycerides (P<0.0001), total cholesterol (P<0.0001), BMI (P<0.0001), IGF1 levels (P<0.0001), and HOMA (P=0.001), accounting for 32.6% of its variation.ConclusionsThese data provide evidence that IGF1 may be an independent modulator for HDL-C in nondiabetic individuals.

Abstract P205: Behavioral Characteristics Associated with Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome Among Overweight/Obese Children in Korea

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ok-Kyung Ham ◽  
Youjeong Kang ◽  
Eun-Ok Im
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Exercise Frequency

Introduction: Obesity rates have increased twofold among children in Korea over the past decade, posing a significant public health concern. Researchers have reported that 27% of overweight/obese children in Korea have metabolic syndrome (MS). However, there are no studies that elucidate factors influencing MS among children that could provide directions for future interventions for this specific population of children. Purpose: The purpose was to examine behavioral and socioeconomic factors that were associated with biomarkers of MS among overweight/obese Korean children to provide information for the development of tailored education for prevention of MS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 75 overweight/obese children recruited from four elementary schools in South Korea. The instrument included exercise frequency, eating behavior, sleep hours, stress, and screen time. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, and waist circumference. Physiological variables included blood pressure (BP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including chi-square tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age as a covariate. Results: The mean age of the children was 10.6 years (SD=1.01, range 8-13), and 56.8% were boys. Thirty percent were identified as having MS with three or more risk factors (BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg, HDL cholesterol< 40 mg/dL, triglyceride >120 mg/dL, FBS > 100 mg/dL, and > 90 th percentile value for waist circumference). MS was associated with family income, and children from more affluent families were more likely to have MS ( p < 0.05). Children with higher stress were more likely to have elevated systolic BP; children who frequently consumed fast food were more likely to have lower total cholesterol; and children who usually ate a late dinner were more likely to have higher LDL cholesterol compared to their counterparts ( p < 0.05). Screen time, exercise frequency, and sleep duration were not significant ( p > 0.05). Among socioeconomic factors, mother’s employment status and education level were not significant ( p > 0.05). However, children who had fathers with at least college level education were more likely to have elevated diastolic BP, and those from more affluent families were more likely to have elevated systolic BP compared to their counterparts ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Eating behavior, stress, and family socioeconomic factors were associated with MS and deviation in biomarkers among overweight/obese children. This needs to be incorporated into future development of education programs for this specific population at risk.

Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Monitor Long-Term Average Increased Triglycerides

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1657-e1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Langsted ◽  
Anne Marie Reimer Jensen ◽  
Anette Varbo ◽  
Børge G Nordestgaard
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Remnant Cholesterol ◽  
Low Hdl

Abstract Context Increased triglyceride-rich remnants represent a causal risk factor for ischemic cardiovascular disease. Objective We tested the hypothesis that low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol can be used to monitor long-term high triglycerides/remnant cholesterol, just as high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be used to monitor long-term high glucose levels. Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions We studied cross-sectionally 108 731 individuals, dynamically 1313 individuals with lipid measurement at 10 repeated visits, short-term 305 individuals during a fat load, and long-term 10 479 individuals with 2 lipid measurements 10 years apart. Main Outcome Measures Levels of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Results Cross-sectionally, HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with triglycerides (R2 = 0.26) and remnant cholesterol (R2 = 0.26). Dynamically, major changes in triglyceride levels from measurement to measurement were mimicked by corresponding modest changes in HDL cholesterol. In the short-term after a fat load, median triglycerides increased 96% while HDL cholesterol decreased only 1%. Long-term, in individuals with measurements 10 years apart, those who initially had the highest triglycerides and corresponding lowest HDL cholesterol, still had highest triglycerides and lowest HDL cholesterol 10 years later. Prospectively, individuals with increased triglycerides/remnant cholesterol had increased risk of myocardial infarction; however, when the HDL cholesterol monitoring was removed, increased triglycerides/remnant cholesterol were largely no longer associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. Conclusions Low HDL cholesterol is a stable marker of average high triglycerides/remnant cholesterol. This suggests that low HDL cholesterol can be used to monitor long-term average high triglycerides and remnant cholesterol, analogous to high HbA1c as a long-term monitor of average high glucose levels.

scholarly journals Serum modified HDL was associated with cardiovascular disease in a Japanese community-based cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Okamura ◽  
M Sata ◽  
M Iida ◽  
A Kakino ◽  
S Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
High Density ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that high density lipoprotein (HDL) is protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, recent studies suggested that function of HDL was more important than HDL cholesterol levels. The present study aimed to clarify the relationship between modified HDL levels and CVD incidence. Methods LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor) is the receptor that mediates modified LDL (low density lipoprotein) activity; however, some lipoproteins with apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A-1) are also bonded to LOX-1. In this study, serum LOX-1 ligand containing Apo A-1 was defined as modified HDL, which were measured by our new development method. We conducted a nested case-control study in a Japanese cohort study, involving 11,002 community dwellers. During 4.0 years follow-up, we observed 127 new CVD onsets. For each CVD case, age and sex matched three controls were randomly selected (N = 381). Serum samples collected at baseline survey stored at − 80 °C were used for the measurement of modified HDL. We estimated multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between modified HDL levels and CVD by conditional logistic regression. Results Modified HDL levels were associated with increased risk of CVD (OR for one unit increase of log transformed modified HDL, 2.05: 95% CI, 1.16-3.62) after adjustment for body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, lipid lowering agents, chronic kidney disease, smoking and alcohol drinking. The magnitude of OR was almost equivalent to those of hypertension and diabetes, which were 2.33 (95% CI, 1.37-3.98) and 2.61 (95% CI, 1.48-4.59), respectively. On the other hands, other lipids markers showed relatively weak associations with CVD. Conclusions Serum modified HDL, i.e., LOX-1 ligand containing Apo A-1, might be a novel predictive marker for CVD in apparently healthy individuals. Key messages Recent epidemiologic studies suggested that function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was more important than HDL cholesterol level itself to predict cardiovascular disease. Modified HDL measured by a novel cell-free, non-fluorescent method as LOX-1 ligand containing Apo A-1, was a predictive marker for CVD after adjusting for other traditional risk factors.

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Citrome
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorder ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
World Health ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Regulation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Hdl

Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of clinical findings that identify individuals at higher than normal risk of developing diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease. There are two principal definitions, one emerging from the American National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults, and the other from the World Health Organization. Both definitions share the common elements of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, hypertension and abnormal glucose regulation. The syndrome is relatively common across continents, and also among those without marked obesity. It is even more common among patients with major mental health disorders such as schizophrenia. Metabolic syndrome can be used to assess risk for cardiovascular disorder and death, and is an alternative to Framingham Risk Calculations. C-reactive protein may play an additional role in risk prediction. Ongoing monitoring for all components of the metabolic syndrome is necessary. Individuals at high risk require multimodal interventions, including lifestyle interventions and targeted medications as appropriate.

scholarly journals Association of Childhood Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Phenotypes with the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) in Early Adulthood: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Valizadeh ◽  
Erfan Tasdighi ◽  
Maryam Barzin ◽  
Ramyar Hariri ◽  
Maryam Mahdavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Hdl

Abstract Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) during adolescence has shown an increasing trend. This study aimed to investigate the association of MetS and metabolic phenotypes with a high carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in early adulthood in the framework of a large cohort study. Methods: MetS was defined as proposed by Cook, de Ferranti, the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), and the pediatric International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Metabolic phenotypes were defined based on the binary clustering of cardiovascular risk factors. The participants were followed up for 18.2 years. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for a high CIMT incidence (≥95th percentile).Results: In this study, 862 adolescents (52.3% males), with the mean age of 13.4±2.2 years, were included. The presence of MetS, based on the definitions proposed by Cook (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.01-3.57, P=0.046) and de Ferranti (OR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.04-2.90, P=0.033), was associated with the increased risk of a high CIMT in early adulthood. Metabolic phenotypes, including high waist circumference (WC)/hypertension (HTN), high WC/low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and high triglyceride (TG)/high WC, showed higher risks of a high CIMT. However, these positive associations become insignificant after adjusting for the adulthood BMI, except for the high WC/low HDL-C phenotype (OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.02-4.11, P=0.044). Conclusion: The high WC/low HDL-C phenotype had a better predictive value and could be used as a simpler alternative for MetS to identify adolescents with a higher risk of high CIMT during early adulthood.

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