scholarly journals Awareness about blood donation among donors at a specialized tertiary level public hospital.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Begum Sharifa Akhtar ◽  
Nihar Sultana ◽  
Saieda Farzana ◽  
Reshma Ahmed ◽  
Md Golam Rubby
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
Past History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Adequate and safe blood supply has remained a challenge in developing countries like ours. There is a high dependency on family replacement and remunerated blood donors in our environment which carries an attendant increased risk of transfusion transmissible infection. This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted at transfusion medicine department of National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital in Dhaka city during the period January to December 2015 with the aim to assess the awareness about blood donation among donors which includes knowledge and practice of blood donation. A total purposively selected 150 donors were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire which focused on knowledge and practice related variables. The statistical analysis was done by using the SPSS software (Version-21). The associations between the demographic factors were analyzed by using the Chi square test and Fisher’s Exact test. Among 150 donors, 124 (82.7%) were male and 26 (17.3%) were female donors, the mean age of the donors was 28.4 (± 7.2) years. 78 (52.0%) donors knew about the interval of blood donation and 84 (56.0%) knew about the age limit for the donation, but 86 (57.3%), 71 (47.3%) did not know the required Hb level to donate blood and volume of blood in each donation respectively. More than half (56.0%) had past history of blood donation and 103 (68.6%) of the donors showed positive effects like a feeling of satisfaction after blood donation. There were highly significant association found between blood donation and sex (p value.016). A majority (86.9%) of the donors were willing to be regular donors. The donors showed positive effects like a sense of satisfaction after the donation. Creating an opportunity for blood donation by conducting many blood donation camps may increase the voluntary blood donations.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2016; 6 (2): 21-26

scholarly journals Prevalence of microalbuminuria and associated factors among HIV − infected ART naïve patients at Mulago hospital: a cross-sectional study in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kiggundu ◽  
Robert Kalyesubula ◽  
Irene Andia-Biraro ◽  
Gyaviira Makanga ◽  
Pauline Byakika-Kibwika
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background HIV infection affects multiple organs and the kidney is a common target making renal disease, one of the recognized complications. Microalbuminuria represents an early, important marker of kidney damage in several populations including HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients. Early detection of microalbuminuria is critical to slowing down progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in HIV-infected patients, however, the burden of microalbuminuria in HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients in Uganda is unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mulago Immune suppression syndrome (ISS) clinic among adult HIV − infected ART naïve outpatients. Data on patient demographics, medical history was collected. Physical examination was performed to assess body mass index (BMI) and hypertension. A single spot morning urine sample from each participant was analysed for microalbuminuria using spectrophotometry and colorimetry. Microalbuminuria was defined by a urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) 30-299 mg/g and macroalbuminuria by a UACR > 300 mg/g. To assess the factors associated with microalbuminuria, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, quantile regression and logistic regression were used. Results A total of 185 adult participants were consecutively enrolled with median age and CD4+ counts of 33(IQR = 28–40) years and 428 (IQR = 145–689) cells/μL respectively. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 18.9% (95% CI, 14–25%). None of the participants had macroalbuminuria. CD4+ count <350cells/μL was associated with increased risk of microalbuminuria (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12–0.59), P value = 0.001). Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake were not found to be significantly associated with microalbuminuria. Conclusion Microalbuminuria was highly prevalent in adult HIV − infected ART naive patients especially those with low CD4+ count. There is need to study the effect of ART on microalbuminuria in adult HIV − infected patients.

scholarly journals Association between Demographic Factors and BMI with Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kurdistan Province, West of Iran

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nasrin Moghimi ◽  
Khaled Rahmani ◽  
Mohsen Rajabnia
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Background: Regarding the association of osteoporosis with various fractures and its disabilities, high cost of treatment and rehabilitation, asymptomatic majority of patients and revealing after serious disability and preventable disability and its complications, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and its association with demographic factors and body mass index (BMI) in patients referred to Sanandaj densitometry center. Methods: This cross- sectional descriptive- analytic study was carried out on 250 patients referring to Sanandaj densitometry center from September 2017 to September 2018. For the subjects, BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method at two bone segments, ie the hip and spine. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, fisher exact test, chi- square test and logistic regression test using SPSS V.23 software. Results: In 250 studied subjects, there were found 68 cases (27.2%) osteoporosis in spine region and 38 cases (15.2%) in hip region. There was a significant correlation between age and incidence of osteoporosis in the spine and hip (P-value < 0.001), with the increase in age, the prevalence of osteoporosis increased. Despite the prevalence of osteoporosis in females, there was no significant relationship between sex and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P-value > 0.05). Despite the higher prevalence of osteoporosis in the study population living in the city, there was no significant relationship between residence and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P- value > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between education level and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P- value < 0.001), so that with the increase in education, the prevalence of osteoporosis decreases. There was a significant correlation between BMI and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P- value < 0.05), with an increase in BMI, the prevalence of osteoporosis decreases. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of osteoporosis. Therefore, considering the increased risk of fracture, the morbidity and mortality due to osteoporosis and their costs, increasing awareness of people about complications, how to reduce the risk factors and timely treatment, it seems necessary.

scholarly journals HEALTH LITERACY OF INDIVIDUALS UNDERGOING DIALYSIS THERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Naylla de Melo Bezerra ◽  
Sara Rebeca de Oliveira Lessa ◽  
Marcelo Francisco do Ó ◽  
Givaneide Oliveira de Andrade Luz ◽  
Anna Karla de Oliveira Tito Borba
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Functional Health Literacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Adequate Health Literacy

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the functional levels of health literacy in individuals undergoing dialysis. Method: a cross-sectional study with 42 patients of the Nephrology Unit of a public hospital in Recife, Brazil, from May to August 2016. Data were collected through scripted interviews and chart analysis. Functional health literacy was measured using the Brazilian version of the Short-Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) software, version 18.0, with a univariate analysis to verify the association between independent variables and functional health literacy levels using Fisher's exact test. Results: 80.9% of the patients presented inadequate health literacy and 19.1% presented adequate health literacy. The number of correct answers remained between 0-18 in the reading comprehension and in the scheduling appointment card. Among the independent variables, only marital status (p-value=0.018) and personal income (p-value=0.009) were factors associated with the worst scores in the test, indicating that these variables influence the increase in inadequate literacy. Conclusion: the prevalence of inadequate functional literacy was high, reflecting difficulties in understanding and processing health information, which may interfere with therapeutic management and self-care.

Medical Student Syndrome: A Hypochondriacal Distress In Undergraduates– Verity Or Myth

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Sana Akbar ◽  
Misbah Riaz ◽  
Lalarukh Munawar ◽  
Shazia Shakoor
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Objective: The purpose of this study was to correlate the hypochondriacal concerns related to diseases with level of anxiety and depression symptoms among medical and engineering undergraduates. Study design and Setting: Cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduates of final year students of BUMDC (Bahria University Medical & Dental College) and engineering students from NUST- PNEC (NUST – Pakistan Navy Engineering College). Methodology: In this study; (99) final year medical students and (92) engineering students were recruited. In order to maintain consistency of age, students aging between 21–26 years were selected. Selected students were handed to fill the required ‘Self-administered Questionnaire’ comprising of demographic details, short health anxiety inventory, medical history and DASS (depression, anxiety and stress scale) which were completed on-site. Data was entered in SPSS version 21 and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: Out of 191 students in total from both the groups n=86 (45%) were females and n=105(55%) were males. There were 99 participants from MBBS and 92 from engineering. The participants’ ages ranged from 21-26 years with a mean= 23.95 (SD±2.29), both the cohorts belonged to approximately same age group. While assessing depression the responses were not very different for both the groups. When responses of depression scale were related to visits to psychiatrists or psychologist or psychotherapist a strong relationship was observed (p=0.012) in medical students cohort. Conclusion: The results of the study reflected comparable psychosocial strain at an elevated level among both student groups

scholarly journals Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae managed by hysteroscopy in the gyanecological endoscopic surgery and human reproductive teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Etienne Belinga ◽  
Isidore Tompeen ◽  
Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua ◽  
Junie Metogo Ntsama ◽  
Sandrine Mendibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
History Of

Background: Uterine synechiae refers to a total or partial union of the inner walls of the uterus resulting from endometrial trauma. It is a cause of reproductive failure. Until now, synechia was not optimally treated and has remained understudied in Cameroon. Objective of present study was to Evaluate the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae treated by hysteroscopy.Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component from January 1st 2015 to July 31st 2017 at Yaounde. All patients diagnosed with uterine synechiae and treated with hysteroscopy were our sample. Sampling was consecutive. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of qualitative variables and Fisher's test for ANOVA variance analysis. The comparison of the averages was made by the Student's test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Hysteroscopies were indicated for uterine synechiae in 14.50%. Nulliparous were 56.67%. A history of curettage/aspiration was present in 66.66%. All of the patients had a form of infertility and 83.33% had menstrual disorders. Hysterosalpingography showed a better sensitivity (88%). After hysteroscopic treatment, 63.30% had a complete anatomical restitution. There is a significant correlation between the stage of severity of synechia and anatomical restitution (p=0.008; Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.477).Conclusions: Uterine synechiae represent one-sixth of all indications for hysteroscopy and present clinically as menstrual disorder associated with infertility. A past history of uterine curettage is common. Hysterosalpingography has a better preoperative diagnostic sensitivity. Hysteroscopy allows optimal treatment.

scholarly journals Tablet and web-based audiometry to screen for hearing loss in adults with cystic fibrosis

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 632-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Vijayasingam ◽  
Emily Frost ◽  
Julie Wilkins ◽  
Lise Gillen ◽  
Presanna Premachandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
High Frequency Audiometry ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionIndividuals with chronic lung disease (eg, cystic fibrosis (CF)) often receive antimicrobial therapy including aminoglycosides resulting in ototoxicity. Extended high-frequency audiometry has increased sensitivity for ototoxicity detection, but diagnostic audiometry in a sound-booth is costly, time-consuming and requires a trained audiologist. This cross-sectional study analysed tablet-based audiometry (Shoebox MD) performed by non-audiologists in an outpatient setting, alongside home web-based audiometry (3D Tune-In) to screen for hearing loss in adults with CF.MethodsHearing was analysed in 126 CF adults using validated questionnaires, a web self-hearing test (0.5 to 4 kHz), tablet (0.25 to 12 kHz) and sound-booth audiometry (0.25 to 12 kHz). A threshold of ≥25 dB hearing loss at ≥1 audiometric frequency was considered abnormal. Demographics and mitochondrial DNA sequencing were used to analyse risk factors, and accuracy and usability of hearing tests determined.ResultsPrevalence of hearing loss within any frequency band tested was 48%. Multivariate analysis showed age (OR 1.127; (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.18; p value<0.0001) per year older) and total intravenous antibiotic days over 10 years (OR 1.006; (95% CI: 1.002 to 1.010; p value=0.004) per further intravenous day) were significantly associated with increased risk of hearing loss. Tablet audiometry had good usability, was 93% sensitive, 88% specific with 94% negative predictive value to screen for hearing loss compared with web self-test audiometry and questionnaires which had poor sensitivity (17% and 13%, respectively). Intraclass correlation (ICC) of tablet versus sound-booth audiometry showed high correlation (ICC >0.9) at all frequencies ≥4 kHz.ConclusionsAdults with CF have a high prevalence of drug-related hearing loss and tablet-based audiometry can be a practical, accurate screening tool within integrated ototoxicity monitoring programmes for early detection.

scholarly journals Study of Patients with First unprovoked Seizure in the Eastern Part of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Dilli Ram Kafle ◽  
Surendra Sah ◽  
Miluna Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Seizure Recurrence ◽  
Unprovoked Seizure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neuro Imaging

Background: About 5-10% of the population get at least one seizure in their lifetime. Treatment is started in patients with first unprovoked seizure if the risk of seizure recurrence is predicted to be high. If patients with first seizure are not treated 40-50% of patients develop recurrence within 2 years of the initial seizure. Starting treatment may cause reduction in the risk of recurrence by almost one half. The aim of the study was to identify the factors causing recurrence in patients with first unprovoked seizure. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Nobel Medical College from March 2015 to March 2019. Patients who presented to Nobel Medical College with first unprovoked seizure were enrolled in the study with follow up during the hospital visit. Results: Eighty six patients participated in our study. Recurrence of seizure occurred in 21(24.4%) patients within the study period of 4 years. Abnormal Electroencephalography was significantly associated with recurrence of seizure in patients with first seizure. (P value<0.001) Neuro imaging abnormality was also associated with increased risk of seizure recurrence (Pvalue<0.001) .Starting an antiepileptic after first seizure reduced the risk of further seizure. Conclusion: Recurrence of seizure was observed in almost a quarter of patients within the study period of four years. Recurrence risk was higher in those patients with abnormal Electro encephalography and in those patients with identified cause than those patients whose seizure was assumed to be idiopathic.

The effect of attending a prenatal childbirth preparedness course on labor duration and outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yohai ◽  
Debi Alharar ◽  
Ruthi Cohen ◽  
Zohar Kaltian ◽  
Barak Aricha-Tamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Labor Duration ◽  
Entire Duration

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effect of attending a prenatal childbirth preparation course (CPC) on labor duration and outcomes.Methods:A cross sectional study of 53 primiparous women who attended and 54 women who did not attend a CPC was conducted. The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) score was used to diagnose anxiety. Clinical and obstetrical data were collected from the perinatal database of our center. Through post-partum interviews, coping strategies were assessed, patients graded their childbirth experience and breastfeeding was evaluated. Data were analyzed using description analyses and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The STAI score was significantly lower in the study group compared with controls (P=0.025). The first stage and the entire duration of labor were significantly shorter (P=0.036 and P=0.026, respectively) in women who attended the CPC. No significant differences were found with regard to the mode of delivery, rate of episiotomy, use of analgesics and neonatal outcomes between the groups. Women in the study group rated their labor experience significantly higher (P=0.016) and exhibited significantly higher rates of breastfeeding (P<0.001) than controls.Conclusions:The knowledge acquired in the CPC has positive effects on the course of labor and delivery outcomes as well as higher rates of breastfeeding.

scholarly journals The Association Between Time in Range %, and Physical & Functional Indices Amongst Older People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A477-A478
Author(s):  
Yamit Basson-Shleymovich ◽  
Tali Cukierman-Yaffe ◽  
Tal Yahalom-Peri ◽  
Michal Azmon
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Time In Range

Abstract Diabetes is a major public health burden associated with high mortality, morbidity, hospitalization and health care services utilization rates. People with diabetes have an increased risk for mobility disability compared to those without diabetes, after controlling for age. People with diabetes also have a higher risk for falls and fractures. Data from the last several years suggests that this increased risk is not only due to diabetes co-morbidities but also due to an accelerated decline in physical capacity due to lower muscle quality and a more rapid decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia) and lower extremity strength over time. HBA1C is a measure of average glucose levels; however, it does not provide information about glycemic variability, or daily patterns of glycemia. In the last several years, several organizations have published consensus statements on the role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in glucose control. The use of CGM has brought about the development of many glucose indices, amongst them is: Time In Range% (TIR) of 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10 mmol/L). Less is known regarding the association between TIR and sarcopenia, muscle mass loss that leads to deterioration in mobility, disabilities and decline in physical indices in older people with diabetes. Aims: To assess among older people with diabetes type 2, the cross sectional association between: TIR and aerobic capacity, gait speed, strength, balance and frailty indices. Methods: A cross sectional study, conducted amongst people with diabetes over the age of 60. Participants were provided with a blinded CGM system- (I Pro2 carelink, Medtronic) for 1 week and underwent elaborate physical-functional assessment in the beginning and at the end of that week. The association between the % of time in range (Time in Range-TIR) and several physical indices was determined using linear regression. Results: This analysis pertains to 55 men and women who completed the evaluation. After adjustment for age and gender, we found that 1% increase in TIR was associated with a 0.341 higher score on the 30 second Sit to Stand score (a measure of lower extremity strength) (P-value=0.02), a 0.351 higher score on the BERG scale (a measure of balance) (P-value=0.01), a 0.271 lower score on the timed up and go score (a measure of fall risk and balance) (P-value=0.008), a 0.289 higher score on the 6-minute walk score (a measure of aerobic capacity and endurance) (P-value=0.02) and a 0.261 lower score on the 360 turn test (a measure of dynamic balance) (P-value=0.0004). The same was not observed for the relationship between HGA1C & physical indices.

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