scholarly journals Exploring the Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Abuse Amongst the Adolescents of Dharan, Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Kumud Chapagain ◽  
Dillisher Rai ◽  
Bhawesh Koirala ◽  
Gajendra Prasad Rauniyar
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
And Control

Background: The burden of substance abuse amongst the youths has increased worldwide including Nepal. There is limited data on prevalence of substance abuse among the adolescents. Hence this study aims to determine the prevalence of substance abuse amongst the adolescents of Dharan, Eastern Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to December 2018. Self-administered structured questionnaire adapted from National Youth Survey sponsored by the Centre for Substance Abuse Prevention was used for data collection from 1125 higher secondary school students. Data was cleaned in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS version 11.5.Results: Prevalence of ever users of tobacco were 46.04% of which the current users were 20.46%, ever users of alcohol were 37.58% of which 15.20% were current users and ever users of drug was 18.19% of which 18.13% were current users. The average age of initiating tobacco, alcohol and drugs were 14.21 ± 3.51, 15.13 ± 7.43 and 14.32 ± 4.41 years respectively. More than half of the drug users (50.71%) used cannabis and the most common reason for using any substance was peer pressure (91.64%). More than one-third (39.5%) purchased any of these substance from local shops. Conclusions: The study reported significant proportion of adolescents involved in substance abuse. The findings of this study may be beneficial for revising/ updating action plans on prevention and control of substance abuse in Nepal.Keywords: Adolescents; alcohol; drug; substance abuse; tobacco.

scholarly journals Substance Abuse: Awareness and Attitude among Secondary School Students in Sapele, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
E.K. Umukoro ◽  
A.T. Eduviere ◽  
E.E. Ahama ◽  
E.G. Moke ◽  
K.E. Edje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Substance abuse is an intricate behavior seen to be most prevalent amongst young people across the world. This study assessed the awareness and attitude towards substance abuse among students from selected secondary schools within Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was utilized among 315 students who gave informed consent. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study from participants. Data was presented as simple percentage using descriptive statistics. The mean age of the respondents was 16.95 ± 0.09 SEM. A prevalence of substance abuse was 19.4%, which was seen more with males than the females. About 13.97% of the students had taken alcohol, 10.79% had taken tramadol, and 3.81% had taken rohypnol. School and mass media were the main sources of information on drug abuse, while peer pressure was the most predisposing influence towards substanceuse. Depression and its use as a confidence booster were main reasons given for the substance use. Adolescent substance use and abuse remains an ongoing challenge with a prevalence rate of 19.4% in this study. The study emphasizes the need for implementing drug abuse information and education in schools’ curriculum. Keywords: Adolescent, alcohol, depression, drug abuse.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Determinants of Substance Abuse among Male Substance Abusers Attending a De-Addiction Centre in Bangalore City

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 2572-2577
Author(s):  
Sumanth Tarikere Parameshwaraiah ◽  
Vishnuvardhan Gopalkrishna ◽  
Vidhyavathi Malyam ◽  
Asha Chandahalli Sannappa ◽  
Amulya Bhaskara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND Substance abuse is a cause of deaths, global burden of disease and injury. Increasing trends of underage substance abuse have shown to be associated with future substance dependency. Understanding various factors associated with it will help mitigate the severity and extent of use. In this study, we wanted to find out the pattern of substance abuse in patients at a de-addiction centre in Bangalore. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 male patients admitted to a deaddiction centre in Bangalore. Information was collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire forms and the collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v 16.0 software. RESULTS The majority of the participants abused alcohol (92.4 %) and nicotine (74.2 %). 40.5 % of the participants initiated alcohol abuse in age groups of 12 – 18 (Years). Peer pressure (40.4 %) and curiosity (19 %) were observed as the most common reason for substance abuse. The common reason to seek de-addiction services was family pressure (22.4 %), physical health problems (14.2 %), family responsibility (12.4 %) fear of being a social outcast in the community (12 %) and psychiatric problems (10.6 %). Among the participants, 39.4 % had a family history of substance abuse and 41 % had a history of psychiatric illness. 47.4 % reported a history of child abuse. CONCLUSIONS Most participants initiated abuse before age of 25 mainly due to peer pressure. Proper enforcement of rules concerning under-aged substance abuse, proper peer and familial support, addressing concerns of psychiatric comorbidity and child abuse can decrease the chances of future dependency and thus lessen the burden of the problem. KEYWORDS De-Addiction Centre, Under-Aged Substance Abuse, Family History, Psychiatric Illness

scholarly journals Determinants of shisha use among secondary school students in Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Othman ◽  
Nasrin Aghamohammadi ◽  
Nik Daliana Nik Farid
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Shisha smoking has re-emerged in the Middle East in the last two decades and has spread rapidly in these communities. Information about shisha smoking in adolescents in Sudan is deficient. Hence, the aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of shisha smoking among adolescents and determine the associated factors. Methods This study is a school based cross sectional study among secondary school students in Khartoum State - Sudan that targets both male and female students aged 14–17 years. A total of 3387 students from 29 public and private schools were selected by multi stage random sampling. The participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire which was based on Arabic version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). Results The response rate was 100% in schools and among participants, 57.3% were females and 51.6% were from public schools. The overall prevalence of those who had ever smoked shisha was 13.4%, and among male students the prevalence was 16.8%, while it was 10.9% in females. The associated factors were poor academic performance OR 2.90 CI 95% (1.21–6.94), friends smoking shisha OR 2.39 CI 95% (1.65–3.45), friends smoking cigarettes OR 2.76 CI 95% (1.90–4.01), peer pressure to smoke shisha OR 13.76 CI 95% (7.86–24.07) and unexpectedly restriction of selling shisha to minors OR 2.21 CI 95% (1.28–3.82). Conclusion The prevalence of those who had ever smoked shisha is among the lowest in Middle East region; therefore, regular surveillance system is needed. A well-structured peer based comprehensive tobacco control programmes that are supported by strict and rigorous anti-tobacco regulations which control both commercial and social resources of tobacco are needed to contain this issue among adolescents.

scholarly journals Psychological well-being and substance abuse among adolescents (13 to 19 years) in Central Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4283
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmy Aiyappan ◽  
Sherin Billy Abraham ◽  
Aneeta Veronica Mary ◽  
Amritalakshmy K. J. ◽  
An Rahael V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Background: Adolescence is a developmental phase between childhood and adulthood, a period where one gains a desire of intimacy and increased responsibilities. Based on their interaction with family and society, adolescents develop positive outcomes such as getting involved in healthy behaviour and negative outcomes such as depression and substance abuse. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of poor psychological well-being and substance abuse among adolescents (13 to 19 years) in Central Kerala, and to assess the role of substance abuse in psychological well-being in adolescents.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 300 secondary and higher secondary school students in three government aided institutions in Central Kerala. All students available in the school at the time of the study formed the inclusion criteria; however, 10th standard students were excluded. Data on basic demographic variables were collected. General Health Questionnaire and Adolescent Alcohol Drug Involvement Scale (AADIS) were used to collect information on psychological wellbeing and alcohol use. The data were entered and analysed using standard statistical package. For significance testing, Chi square test was carried out.Results: Mean age was 14.49 years with a standard deviation of 1.31. Males were 64.5% and 82.6% belonged to nuclear family. Psychological wellbeing was significantly better in males compared to females (p=0.025). Males (7.6%) and females (4.3%) were found to be using alcohol by AADIS questionnaire. Those who were not under the influence of alcohol had better well-being when compared to those who consumed alcohol (p=0.0016).Conclusions: Prevalence of poor psychological wellbeing and substance abuse among adolescents was 7.8% and 6.4% respectively. Females were more emotionally unstable than males. Substance abuse cause further deterioration of mental function in adolescents.

scholarly journals Knowledge regarding rabies among school children in an urban area of Kancheepuram district: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3178
Author(s):  
Angeline Grace G. ◽  
Gopalakrishnan S. ◽  
Shanthi Edward
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
And Control

Background: Out of ten people who die due to rabies, four of them are children. Awareness regarding the disease is important to bring down the rabies mortality among children. This study was planned to assess the knowledge regarding rabies among high school students in an urban area of Kancheepuram district.Methods: This study was a school based cross sectional study done in chrompet, an urban area in Kancheepuram district. All students studying in IX and X standards in a school chosen by simple random sampling method were included in the study. Sample size of 335 was calculated using the formula 4pq/l2 and adjusting for 10% non-response. Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 22.0. Knowledge score of >50% was taken as “adequate knowledge”.Results: Out of the total 340 respondents, 189 (55.6%) were girls and 151 (44.4%) were boys. Around 23.5% reported having pets at home. Though 97.6% of children were aware that dog is an important reservoir of rabies, only 46% knew that the disease is caused by a virus. About 25.6% had knowledge about other reservoirs of rabies. About 72% knew about prevention through anti-rabies vaccine but only 31.5% were aware of the vaccine availability in government hospitals. Overall adequate knowledge on rabies was noted in 46.2% of respondents.Conclusions: Children’s understanding on the cause of rabies, prevention and control of rabies was inadequate. Health education activities need to be promoted for the school students to improve their level of awareness on rabies.

scholarly journals Airway inflammatory profile among cleaning workers from different workplaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edineia Rosa da Paz ◽  
Cynthia Mafra Fonseca de Lima ◽  
Soraia Nogueira Felix ◽  
Bruna Schaeffer ◽  
Clóvis Eduardo Santos Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Active Population ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Cleaning workers represent a significant proportion of the active population worldwide, with poor remuneration, particularly in developing countries. Despite this, they remain a relatively poorly studied occupational group. They are constantly exposed to agents that can cause symptoms and respiratory problems.Objective: To investigate the airway inflammation and respiratory symptoms of cleaning workers from different workplaces. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of upper airway inflammation and symptoms of asthma/rhinitis related to cleaning work, according to workplace.167 participants were divided into four groups: Hospital (H), University (U), Housekeeper (Ho) and Control (C). A nasal swab was collected for upper airway inflammation evaluation. Clinical profiles and respiratory symptom employee evaluations were performed using specific questionnaires (ECRHS and ISAAC).Results: Cleaning workers showed increased neutrophils and lymphocytes; Hospital and University showed increased macrophages compared to the Housekeeper and Control. Hospital and Housekeeper showed increased eosinophils when they performed cleaning services for up to one year and also reported having more asthma symptoms than the Control. Cleaning workers showed increased rhinitis symptoms. The University group showed increased rhinitis symptoms aggravated by the workplace compared with the Hospital and Housekeeper. Cleaning workers showed an increased affirmative response when direct asked about rhinitis symptoms compared to Control.Conclusions: Cleaning workers showed airway inflammation, asthma symptoms and rhinitis, regardless of the occupational environment to which they were exposed and also showed increased rhinitis and asthma symptoms. Hospital cleaning workers showed increased macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils compared to the others. The length of time spent performing cleaning work was not related to nasal inflammation or respiratory symptoms in this population. However, there are differences in workplaces. Clinical Trial registration number NCT03311048, October 16, 2017. Availble at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03311048 (retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Knowledge of substance abuse among students studying in a selected higher secondary school in Biratnagar city

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Neela Subba ◽  
Dipty Subba ◽  
Sushmita Raj Shah
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Actual Meaning ◽  
Source Of Information

This was a cross sectional study carried out to among 115 students aged between 15-20 years of grade 12. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge of substance abuse among students studying in selected higher secondary school of birtnagar. Students were selected by purposive sampling technique. A pretested semi structured questionnaire related to demographic and knowledge was administered and data were collected by self-administered method. The data was analyzed and interpreted by using simple descriptive and inferential statistics. Among the respondents 53% were male and 47% of them were female with the mean age of 18 years. Although, majority of respondents (51.3%) answered correctly regarding the meaning of substance, only 19.1% knew the actual meaning of substance abuse. Among them, 87.88% had good knowledge, 11.12% had average knowledge and only 2.6% had poor knowledge on over all substance abuse. The main source of information as perceived by students was peer group and media. Many of the students agreed as peer pressure (53.9%) one of the main cause for substance abuse. None of the respondents had ever taken any kinds of drugs or any other substances.

scholarly journals Prevalence of substance abuse among high school students in field practising area of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4423
Author(s):  
Sneh Smriti ◽  
S. V. Divakar ◽  
S. P. Suryanarayana ◽  
M. Puttaswamy
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Substance abuse is an increasing public health problem. Use of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances is a global problem and affects many children and adolescents. Abuse of substances exposes the youth to several physical, psychological and social consequences. Objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of substance abuse amongst high school students in selected schools of Bengaluru and to identify factors predisposing to substance abuse.Methods: Type of study was cross-sectional, study was done from November 2017 to January 2018, study subjects were high school students, sample size was 300, tool for study was structured questionnaire, descriptive analysis done using Microsoft Excel.Results: Out of 300 subjects 10% agreed that they have done abuse of substances. Most of them started it at age below 15 years. Most common reason to start was for fun.Conclusions: Substance abuse was present among high school students and most commonly abused substance was tobacco in the form of cigarettes and most common reason was for fun followed by peer pressure and low marks.

scholarly journals Substance abuse pattern among medical college students in Tumkur, Karnataka, India: a cross sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Ashiq Rashid Mir ◽  
Mahesh S. H. ◽  
Rajanna M. S. ◽  
Ashok J. ◽  
Debeshwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Alcohol Users

Background: Globally, there are 2 billion alcohol users, 1.3 billion smokers and 185 million are drug users. These are accounting for 12.4% of all deaths worldwide. The doctors are vulnerable to substance abuse due to their ready accessibility to the substance of abuse. Medical training is identified as full of stress and it is also observed that students undergo tremendous stress during various years of medical training. Repeated use of drugs can damage essential decision making and effect judgment of actions. This could be disastrous if substance abusers are medical professionals who have direct dealing with human lives.  Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a medical college in Tumkur district of Karnataka. A semi structured questionnaire was used to interview 379 medical students who were willing to participate.Results: Prevalence of substance abuse among the students was found to be 25.9%. Substance abuse was highest among VII term students (IIIrd year) which was 25.3%. Alcohol was the single most preferred substance of abuse which was used by 36.40% of students. Curiosity for experience (42.4%) was major reason for initiation of substance abuse. Majority of students (45.5%) attained the harmful substances through friends. 76.6% of hostellers used harmful substances.Conclusions: Prevalence of substance abuse among medical college students was high. Students preferred alcohol products and tobacco most. Hosteller students are more likely to be exposed to substance abuse.

Prevalence of Smoking among Medical Students in Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Srijana Pradhananga ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
P.P. Panta
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Second Year ◽  
And Control ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Smoking is a leading risk factor for early death and disability worldwide. Medical students and physicians are the ideal persons to educate patients about hazards of smoking. Today’s medical students will play a prominent role in future to prevent and control tobacco use. Still, the problem of smoking among the medical students is common worldwide but the pattern and extent of the problem varies from place to place. Aim of this study was to find out prevalence of smoking among medical students, factors contributing to their smoking habits, their exposure to passive smoking and to know about their knowledge about smoking related health problems. This is a cross sectional study, conducted among all first and second year MBBS students during July-September 2018. Self administered questionnaire were given to all the participants and collected after it was filled up. One hundred seventy four students participated in the study. Prevalence of smoking was 5.2% and all the students who smoked were male. The most important cause for initiation of smoking was peer pressure (56%). The average cigarettes smoked was seven sticks per day. Though 80% students knew about hazards of passive smoking, almost half of them were exposed to passive smoking. In our study we found that most of the students do not counsel their patients regarding hazards of smoking and only few participants were found to advise and encourage their patients to quit smoking.

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