scholarly journals Tobacco stalk lignocellulosic nanofibers characterization for pharmaceutical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e522101422261
Author(s):  
Keth Ribeiro Garcia ◽  
Valeria Weiss-Angeli ◽  
Letícia Scherer Koester ◽  
Venina dos Santos ◽  
Rosmary Nichele Brandalise
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical Fibrillation ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Tobacco Stalk ◽  
Mill Process

Lignocellulosic nanofibers derived from tobacco stalk can have countless applications in polymers composites, textile, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Thus, it is important to evaluate biomass characteristics such as the presence of nicotine. In this study, nanofibers were obtained by mechanical fibrillation while cellulose content (0.5 and 2.0%) and drying methods were varied. Nanofibers were characterized by thin layer chromatography, 1H NMR, morphological analysis, α-cellulose content, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Results demonstrate the absence of nicotine in tobacco stalk. The grinding mill process was efficient to produce by freeze-drying, nanofibers with fiber’s mean diameter of ~30 nm. Solid concentrations can influence the diameter of obtained fibers. Thermal stability increased and crystallinity decreased when alkali treatment was applied. The characterization techniques applied enable the evaluation of tobacco stalk and expanded its application to pharmaceutics.

Growth mechanism and characterization of ZnO nano-tubes synthesized using the hydrothermal-etching method

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Chuan-Sheng Liu ◽  
Yun-Ling Zou
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Room Temperature Photoluminescence ◽  
Etching Method ◽  
Nano Rods ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractZnO nano-tubes (ZNTs) have been successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal-etching method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and room temperature photoluminescence measurement. The as-synthesized ZNTs have a diameter of 500 nm, wall thickness of 20–30 nm, and length of 5 µm. Intensity of the plane (0002) diffraction peak, compared with that of plane (10$$ \bar 1 $$0) of ZNTs, is obviously lower than that of ZnO nano-rods. This phenomenon can be caused by the smaller cross section of plane (0002) of the nano-tubes compared with that of other morphologies. On basis of the morphological analysis, the formation process of nano-tubes can be proposed in two stages: hydrothermal growth and reaction etching process.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Electrochemical Detection of Glucose using CuO-NiO/MXene Modified Electrode

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Mohamed Elsafi ◽  
Vinotha Krishnasamy ◽  
Karthik Kannan ◽  
John-John Cabibihan ◽  
Abdulaziz Khalid AlAli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Proton Conductor ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Glassy Carbon Electrodes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

High levels of glucose or acetone in breath confirms diabetes disease. One of the analytical devices that detect changes in breath is the electrochemical sensor having high selectivity, easy to use and being able to meet diabetic patient’s needs. In this study, sensors were made by fabricating metal oxide coated glassy carbon electrodes and using nafion as a proton conductor. Characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR and morphological analysis have been performed for metal oxides to characterize their atomic arrangement and composition. In addition, electrochemical studies were done using Gamry instrument and curves plotted as current in amperes versus voltage to test the coated electrodes conductivity. High selectivity sensors provide promising applications in any field.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Acetobacter xylinum Membrane Affected by pH of Culture Medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5873-5878
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Acetobacter Xylinum ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Ph Level

There are numerous previous studies working on biosynthesis, properties and applications of bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane from Acetobacter xylinum bacteria strain. However, there is less research examining the effect of initial pH level on BC membrane properties. Here, BC membranes were produced at different pH level (concentration of acetic acid) of coconut water-based culture medium which are 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5 for 7 days, statically. The effect of initial pH level during BC production on morphology, physical and characteristics were investigated. The Acetobacter xylinum membrane were studied its crystallinity using X-ray diffraction, FTIR analysis for chemical structure and FESEM for morphological analysis. In addition, the different of initial pH level does affect the membrane yield and breathability properties using an Upright Cup Method of water vapour permeability testing. Although certain suitable amount of acid had reduced the production yield, a breathable BC membrane was produced.

The Tensile and Moisture Properties of Broussonetia Papyriferalvent (BP) Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Li Jun Qu ◽  
Jin Quan Wang ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Xiao Qing Guo ◽  
Chun Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bast Fibers

In this paper the components of Broussonetia Papyriferalvent (BP) white bast were tested and compared with some bast fibers such as hemp, flax, jute and and ramie, the cellulose content is as high as 63.76wt%. The bio-enzyme pre-trement and alkali-H2O2 one bath processing were employed to extract BP fibers. The effect of bio-enzyme pre-trement and alkali-H2O2 one bath processing on the morphological structure of cellulose was investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The tensile and moisture properties of BP fibers were tested and discussed.

Synchrotron X-ray measurements of cellulose in wood cell wall layers of Pinus densiflora in the transmission and reflectance modes. Part 1: results without loading

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Goo Lee ◽  
Mariko Yamasaki ◽  
Takanori Sugimoto ◽  
Yasutoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Azimuthal Angle ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
S2 Layer

Abstract Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (XRD) was applied to determine the cellulose content in 5-mm-thick sections of the annual rings of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora). Recent samples (air-dried in the last few years) and aged samples (250 years old) were investigated; the cellulose content in the S2 layer was measured by the transmission (Trs) method and that in the S1 and S3 layers by the reflection (Ref) method. Measurements were performed in the cellulose (004) Ref plane. The two XRD methods resulted in very different two-dimensional (2D) diffraction patterns, indicating differences in the cellulose characteristics. Azimuthal angle profiles showed cellulose chains measured by the Trs and the Ref methods oriented at about 9° and 75°, respectively, in terms of the longitudinal axis of the specimens. Moreover, 2θ profiles obtained by the Ref method had full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) values ≈3.5 times greater than the corresponding Trs profiles, indicating large variations in the cellulose lattice spacing d004. The 250 years of aging had no effect on the cellulose contents.

What We Really Know About Biosynthesis of Cellulose from Ficus palmate: A Novel Biomass Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Alam ◽  
Noor Rehman ◽  
Inamullah Mian ◽  
Hidayat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Multistep Procedure ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractCurrent research attention has been motivated on the successful synthesis of cellulose from biomass waste of Ficus palmate through multistep process i.e. bleaching and alkali treatment to efficiently eradicate impurities, waxy substances like pectin, cutin, waxes, extractives, hemicellulose and lignin from F. palmate. The cellulose obtained was analyzed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The isolated cellulose has high degree of purity and crystallinity (61%) and thermal stability as verified by XRD and TGA, respectively. SEM was used for surface morphology and shape. Highly visible pores with channels were detected on the surface. Moreover it also shows that the free surface from lignin and hemicelluloses due to chemical treatment. This study indicates that the multistep procedure is quite adequate for the extraction of cellulose.

High Aspect Ratio Hydroxyapatite Nanorods Formed by Polymer Assisted Synthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
A. Joseph Nathanael ◽  
R. Yuvakkumar ◽  
Tae Hwan Oh ◽  
Sun Ig Hong
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Size Controlled

High aspect ratio (length/width) of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods were prepared by polymer assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The aspect ratio of the nanorods was increased in the presence of polymer in hydrothermal method. Structural analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to find the purity and the crystal structure of the material. Morphological analysis was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to find the morphological variation in the presence of polymer concentration compared to pristine HA. The increased aspect ratio of the HA was visible from the morphological analysis. This shape and size controlled synthesis have an important impact in many field of research.

Morphological studies on renewable castor oil-based nanocomposites with modified clay and MWCNTs as fillers

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112093524
Author(s):  
Anupama Mogha ◽  
Anupama Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Commercial Applications

This research presents an analysis of castor oil-based polymer nanocomposites that can be used for numerous commercial applications. Due to the versatile chemical structure of castor oil, it can replace the petrochemical products and hence can be optimized as nontoxic bioresource for the production of nanocomposites with the incorporation of nanofillers in small quantities. It can be directly used as polyol resource without any chemical alteration for synthesis of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites. The prepared PU nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and mechanical properties. The compositional and structural studies indicate the formation of PU linkages and well dispersion of clay and multiwalled carbon nanotubes between the polymer–nanofiller phase, as shown by the morphological analysis using TEM. Also, there is an increase in the tensile strength and Young’s modulus values with the increase in the filler content.

A study on the growth and structure of titania nanotubes

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhong Wang ◽  
Oomman K. Varghese ◽  
Maggie Paulose ◽  
Craig A. Grimes ◽  
Qinglei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Titania Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Titania nanotubes synthesized by a soft chemical process are described, having diameters of 8 nm to 10 nm and lengths ranging from approximately 0.1 μm to 1 μm. X-ray diffraction studies show the structure of the as-prepared nanotubes is the same as that of the starting anatase TiO2nanoparticles. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy studies further indicate that the as-prepared nanotubes are composed of titania. Studies using transmission electron microscopy verified that the nanotubes are formed during alkali treatment, with subsequent acidic treatments having no effect on nanotube structure and shape.

scholarly journals Influence of Mercerization on Micro-structure and Properties of Kapok Blended Yarns with Different Blending Ratios

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Fumei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Kapok Fiber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mercerization Treatment

To investigate the effect of mercerization on micro-structure and the properties of kapok/cotton blended yarns. FTIR spectra and x-ray diffraction (XRD) results, moisture regains and mechanical properties of blended yarns were compared before and after mercerization. The results show that mercerization treatment did not have an obvious effect on chemical compositions of cellulose, but did lead to decreasing on crystallinity of blended yarns, and transformed certain portion of cellulose I into cellulose II. When the NaOH concentration increased from 180g/L to 250 g/L, the strengths of blended yarns increased and elongations at breaking declined, and the extent of changes were lessened gradually with the increase of kapok fiber content, when the NaOH concentration further reached 280g/L, the strengths of blended yarns with high content of kapok fiber dropped dramatically, and elongations at breaking increased gradually, while hygroscopicities of blended yarns increased significantly. Different from cotton fiber, a more moderate alkali treatment condition should be chosen in mercerization process for kapok fiber.

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