The Tensile and Moisture Properties of Broussonetia Papyriferalvent (BP) Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Li Jun Qu ◽  
Jin Quan Wang ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Xiao Qing Guo ◽  
Chun Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bast Fibers

In this paper the components of Broussonetia Papyriferalvent (BP) white bast were tested and compared with some bast fibers such as hemp, flax, jute and and ramie, the cellulose content is as high as 63.76wt%. The bio-enzyme pre-trement and alkali-H2O2 one bath processing were employed to extract BP fibers. The effect of bio-enzyme pre-trement and alkali-H2O2 one bath processing on the morphological structure of cellulose was investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The tensile and moisture properties of BP fibers were tested and discussed.

scholarly journals Basic Dye Removal with Sorption onto Low-Cost Natural Textile Fibers

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kyzas ◽  
Evi Christodoulou ◽  
Dimitrios Bikiaris
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Basic Dye ◽  
Bast Fibers ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Desorption Study

Over the last several years, the trend of researchers has been to use some very low-cost materials as adsorbents. For this purpose, some already commercially used bast fibers were selected as potential adsorbent materials to remove basic dye from synthetic effluents. The adsorption of basic yellow 37 dye was studied using three different bast fibers under the names of flax, ramie, and kenaf. Their morphological structure was examined using several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), crystallinity, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as those characterizations being a useful tool to propose a mechanism of the whole adsorption process. The adsorption evaluation was achieved by studying at first the pH (12) and temperature effects (25–55 °C). Two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were also applied to the experimental equilibrium data revealing the superiority of ramie fibers (327, 435, and 460 mg·g−1 (25 °C) for kenaf, flax, and ramie, respectively). The crucial adsorbent’s dosage was found to be 0.1 g per litre for all fibers, while the completed desorption study (eluant’s pH and reuse cycles) also confirmed the strong potential of these kinds of fibers as adsorbents. The latter may be attributed to the cellulosic content.

scholarly journals Valorization of Byproducts of Hemp Multipurpose Crop: Short Non-Aligned Bast Fibers as a Source of Nanocellulose

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4723
Author(s):  
Sara Dalle Vacche ◽  
Vijayaletchumy Karunakaran ◽  
Alessia Patrucco ◽  
Marina Zoccola ◽  
Loreleï Douard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bast Fibers ◽  
Seed Maturity

Nanocellulose was extracted from short bast fibers, from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants harvested at seed maturity, non-retted, and mechanically decorticated in a defibering apparatus, giving non-aligned fibers. A chemical pretreatment with NaOH and HCl allowed the removal of most of the non-cellulosic components of the fibers. No bleaching was performed. The chemically pretreated fibers were then refined in a beater and treated with a cellulase enzyme, followed by mechanical defibrillation in an ultrafine friction grinder. The fibers were characterized by microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction after each step of the process to understand the evolution of their morphology and composition. The obtained nanocellulose suspension was composed of short nanofibrils with widths of 5–12 nm, stacks of nanofibrils with widths of 20–200 nm, and some larger fibers. The crystallinity index was found to increase from 74% for the raw fibers to 80% for the nanocellulose. The nanocellulose retained a yellowish color, indicating the presence of some residual lignin. The properties of the nanopaper prepared with the hemp nanocellulose were similar to those of nanopapers prepared with wood pulp-derived rod-like nanofibrils.

Synchrotron X-ray measurements of cellulose in wood cell wall layers of Pinus densiflora in the transmission and reflectance modes. Part 1: results without loading

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Goo Lee ◽  
Mariko Yamasaki ◽  
Takanori Sugimoto ◽  
Yasutoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Azimuthal Angle ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
S2 Layer

Abstract Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (XRD) was applied to determine the cellulose content in 5-mm-thick sections of the annual rings of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora). Recent samples (air-dried in the last few years) and aged samples (250 years old) were investigated; the cellulose content in the S2 layer was measured by the transmission (Trs) method and that in the S1 and S3 layers by the reflection (Ref) method. Measurements were performed in the cellulose (004) Ref plane. The two XRD methods resulted in very different two-dimensional (2D) diffraction patterns, indicating differences in the cellulose characteristics. Azimuthal angle profiles showed cellulose chains measured by the Trs and the Ref methods oriented at about 9° and 75°, respectively, in terms of the longitudinal axis of the specimens. Moreover, 2θ profiles obtained by the Ref method had full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) values ≈3.5 times greater than the corresponding Trs profiles, indicating large variations in the cellulose lattice spacing d004. The 250 years of aging had no effect on the cellulose contents.

Investigations on Fractal Nanostructure of Zinc Oxide by Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 531-534
Author(s):  
Rehana Razali ◽  
Edy. Giri Rachman Putra ◽  
Abdul Aziz Mohamed ◽  
Wan Haliza Abd Majid ◽  
W.A.T. Wan Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Field Emission Electron Microscopy

The zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method for 18 h at150 ̊ C with presence of DEA. The molar ratio of Zn2+solution and DEA was fixed at 1:1. The nanostructure was studied using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) in BATAN, Indonesia. From calculation, it shows that the material has surface fractal with primary particle size of 25 nm and agglomerate size of ̴ 200 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was done and the the crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer equation. Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) was done to observe the morphological structure. It shows that the sphere-like agglomerates construct of primary nanoparticles of ZnO.

scholarly journals Characterization of microcrystalline cellulose extracted from walnut and apricots shells by alkaline treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Yasmine Mahmoud ◽  
Zitouni Safidine ◽  
Naima Belhaneche-Bensemra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was isolated from walnut and apricot shells (WS and AS) as agricultural wastes in order to use it as reinforcement in polymer composites. The microcrystalline cellulose was extracted by alkaline treatment and bleached by peroxide as an environmentally friendly treatment, called walnut cellulose (WC) and apricot cellulose (AC). The chemical composition of the samples was set according to the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPP). After treatments, the alpha-cellulose content increased by about 23 % for the two used cellulose sources. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance mode (ATR-FTIR), optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity index values evaluated for WC and AC via X-ray diffraction were respectively 86.4 and 80.3 %. The alkaline soluble fractions of walnut (ASW) and apricot (ASA) shells were recovered and characterized by OM and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, their chemical composition was analyzed. The characterization and the properties of the WC and AC were similar to those of commercial MCC and MCC prepared in literature from wood and some agricultural wastes.

scholarly journals Characterization of cellulose nanocrystalline isolated from banana peduncles using acid hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
Ratna ◽  
S Aprilia ◽  
N Arahman ◽  
A A Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powder ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Abstract The study aimed to characterize cellulose nanocrystalline (NCCs) from banana peduncles using acid hydrolysis. The NCCs isolation process was done by hydrolysis using H2SO4 with concentrations of 1M, 2M, and 3M at a microwave power of 100 Watts within 1 hour of hydrolysis. The product of NCCs was characterized in term of yield, chemical composition (by FTIR), and its crystallinity. The result showed that the highest yield of 88.33% was obtained in acid hydrolysis at the concentration of 1M H2SO4. The results of the FTIR test showed that non-cellulose content had been removed and demonstrated that the molecular structure of cellulose does not change even when treated at different acid concentrations. X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed that crystallinity decreased by increasing the sulfamic acid concentration. The thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the heat resistance analysis and showed that the NCCs is gradually decomposed at a temperature range of 268.3–415.25 ¼C. The colour of cellulose nanocrystalline powder darkens as the sulfuric acid concentration increases.

Synthesis and characterization of zinc doped copper oxide nanocrystals by chemical precipitation method

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarthe K G ◽  
Sowmiya V
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Precipitation Method ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Zinc doped copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method. Copper acetate is act as a precursor and sodium hydroxide will act as a reducing agent. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which reveals the simple monoclinic structure. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirms the functional groups present in the nano powders. The morphological Structure of the prepared crystals are analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were showed that the products consists of flaky in nature. The Bandwidth of the synthesized sample was calculated by UV- visible spectrum. The presence of compounds in nano powders were confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDAX). Copper oxide has applications as a P-type semiconductor, because it has a narrow band gap of energy of 1.2 e V. Zinc doped copper oxide has applications in the wide variety of fields such as medicine, industries, sunscreens, agriculture etc.

The Influence of Cu Subtitution on the Crystal and Morphological Structure of Ca0.9La0.05Bi0.05Mn1-xCuxO3 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1) Manganites

2020 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Bathara Bhisma Arbianto ◽  
Budhy Kurniawan ◽  
Arief Sudarmaji
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Impurity Phase ◽  
Group Symmetry ◽  
Orthorhombic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Substitution

The sequence of Cu substituted Ca0.9La0.05Bi0.05Mn1-XCuxO3 ( x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1) manganite has been studied and it has effect in the structure. The samples was synthesized using the citric acid sol-gel method. The samples was sintered at 800 °C for 5 hours. The crystallography and morphological of all samples was investigated using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Rietveld analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction shows that all the samples crystallize in orthorhombic structure with pnma space group symmetry without any impurity phase. The Cu substitution does not change the crystal structure, but it changes the grain size. SEM results showed a valid different morphological structure. The increasing Cu concentration, it made the grain size larger, dispite all the samples had the same treatment.

scholarly journals Impact of TiO2 Nanotubes’ Morphology on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Simazine Pollutant

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syazwan Meriam Suhaimy ◽  
Chin Lai ◽  
Hairul Tajuddin ◽  
Emy Samsudin ◽  
Mohd Johan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photodegradation Rate

There are various approaches to enhancing the catalytic properties of TiO2, including modifying its morphology by altering the surface reactivity and surface area of the catalyst. In this study, the primary aim is to enhance the photocatalytic activity by changing the TiO2 nanotubes’ architecture. The highly ordered infrastructure is favorable for a better charge carrier transfer. It is well known that anodization affects TiO2 nanotubes’ structure by increasing the anodization duration which in turn influence the photocatalytic activity. The characterizations were conducted by FE-SEM (fiend emission scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), RAMAN (Raman spectroscopy), EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), UV-Vis (Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy) and LCMS/MS/MS (liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy). We found that the morphological structure is affected by the anodization duration according to FE-SEM. The photocatalytic degradation shows a photodegradation rate of k = 0.0104 min−1. It is also found that a mineralization of Simazine by our prepared TiO2 nanotubes leads to the formation of cyanuric acid. We propose three Simazine photodegradation pathways with several intermediates identified.

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