Influence of water pH in the hepato- and nephrotoxicity of chronic cadmium poisoning in Wistar rats

Introduction: Cadmium is a heavy metal found in the environment that is used industrially; however, it also causes hepato- and nephrotoxic effects. Objective: To evaluate the effect of drinking water pH on the hepato- and nephrotoxicity caused by chronic cadmium poisoning. Material and Methods: We used 90 adult, male Wistar albino rats divided into 6 groups (n = 15): GC5 received a solution of cadmium chloride in drinking water with an acidic pH (pH 5.0); GC7 received a solution of cadmium chloride (400 mg/L) in drinking water with a neutral pH (pH 7.0 water); GC8 received a solution of cadmium chloride in water with an alkaline pH (pH 8.0); GWC5 received drinking water with an acidic pH (pH 5.0); GWC7 received drinking water with a neutral pH (pH 7.0); GWC8 received drinking water with an alkaline pH (pH 8.0). The animals were euthanized 6 months after the start of the experiment. We performed tests for hepatic and renal function and conducted liver and renal histopathology. Results: Water with an acidic pH caused alterations in ALP, ALT and urea in animals exposed to cadmium (P<0.05). In the liver, the majority of animals from the GC7 (57.1%) and GC5 (53.3%) groups showed diffuse microvesicular steatosis, while other groups showed no steatosis (P>0.05). In the kidney, the majority of animals from the GC7 (78.6%) and GWC5 (71.4%) groups showed tubular hydropic degeneration; however, these data were only statistically different from the GWC7 group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Exposure to cadmium in water with an acidic pH led to higher elevations of serum ALP, AST and urea, suggesting that the pH of drinking water influences the hepato- and nephrotoxic effects of this heavy metal.

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Influence of water pH in oral changes caused by cadmium poisoning: an experimental study in rats

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/rou.2014.034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 180-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bianca Keller Lima MARTELLI ◽

Diogo Milani de MELO ◽

Gisele Alborghetti NAI ◽

José Luiz Santos PARIZI

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Buccal Mucosa ◽

Chloride Solution ◽

Cadmium Chloride ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Acidic Ph ◽

High Concentration ◽

Neutral Ph ◽

Cadmium Poisoning

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of the pH of drinking water in the oral changes caused by cadmium poisoning. Material and method: Ninety male Wister rats were divided into the following six groups: A - 15 rats were given cadmium chloride solution (400 mg/L) in drinking water with a neutral pH (pH 7.0); B - 15 rats received cadmium chloride solution (400 mg/L) in drinking water with an acidic pH (pH 5.0); C - 15 rats were treated with a cadmium chloride solution (400 mg/L) in drinking water with a basic pH (pH 8.0); D - 15 rats received drinking water with an acidic pH (pH 5.0); E - 15 rats were given drinking water with a basic pH (pH 8.0); F - 15 rats received water with a neutral pH (pH 7.0). All animals were sacrificed six months after the beginning of the experiment. A biopsy of the buccal mucosa, tongue and salivary gland of each animal was taken for microscopic analysis. Result: No changes were observed in the buccal mucosa, tongue mucosa or salivary glands in any of the groups. Conclusion: Drinking water that contains a high concentration of cadmium with differing pH levels demonstrated no damage to the oral mucosa and salivary glands of male Wistar rats.

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Effect of overlying water pH, temperature, and hydraulic disturbance on heavy metal and nutrient release from drinking water reservoir sediments

Water Environment Research ◽

10.1002/wer.1587 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Peng ◽

Yunying Huang ◽

Xuchen Yan ◽

Lei Jiang ◽

Xuefei Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Overlying Water ◽

Reservoir Sediments ◽

Drinking Water Reservoir ◽

Water Ph

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Assessment of Changes in Lake Water Chemistry in Sudbury Area Lakes since Preindustrial Times

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f92-295 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 49 (S1) ◽

pp. 8-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Sushil S. Dixit ◽

Aruna S. Dixit ◽

John P. Smol

Keyword(s):

Lake Water ◽

Acidic Ph ◽

Prevailing Wind ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Ion Concentrations ◽

The Past ◽

Lake Water Chemistry ◽

Water Ph ◽

Inferred Ph

Surface (recent) and bottom (pre-1880s) sediment samples from each of 72 Sudbury area lakes were analyzed for diatom valves and chrysophyte scales, and using these microfossils, we inferred changes in lake water pH, [Al], [Ni], conductance, and [Ca]. The study shows that extensive acidification has occurred in presently acidic (pH < 6.0) Sudbury lakes. Inferred [Al] has also increased in these lakes. The region also contains a few naturally acidic lakes; however, even these lakes have acidified further since the bottom sediments were deposited. Lakes that have current measured pH between 6.0 and 7.0 have either declined or increased in inferred pH in the past, whereas all lakes that are presently alkaline (pH > 7.0) have become more alkaline. The increase in inferred [Ni] in most of the study lakes indicates that Ni inputs are mainly atmospheric. Our data suggest that, in general, ion concentrations have increased in Sudbury lakes. The extent of acidification or alkalification in Sudbury lakes was primarily a function of proximity of the lakes to the smelters, orientation of prevailing wind patterns, and differences in watershed geology.

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In vitro antibacterial activity of propolis extracts on 12 different bacteria in conditions of 3 various pH values

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1004915i ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 915-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Ivancajic ◽

I. Mileusnic ◽

Desanka Cenic-Milosevic

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ph Value ◽

Acidic Ph ◽

Acidic Environment ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Ph Values ◽

Neutral Ph ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

This research investigated the effects of propolis extracted by 5 different solvents and aged for 7 days on twelve species of bacteria classified into four groups according to their pathogenicity in slightly acidic (pH=6), neutral (pH=7) and slightly alkaline (pH=8) environments. Propolis extracted by the examined solvents had antibacterial effects. The strongest effects on the growth of all tested microorganisms, except on the bacteria of the Salmonella genus, regardless of the pH value of the environment, were exerted by propolis extracted by ether, acetone, toluol and chloroform. In some cases the antibacterial action of propolis was best in a slightly acidic environment (pH=6).

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Water pH and hardness alter ATPases and oxidative stress in the gills and kidney of pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20190032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo Copatti ◽

Bernardo Baldisserotto ◽

Carine de Freitas Souza ◽

José María Monserrat ◽

Luciano Garcia

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Water Hardness ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

High Water ◽

Acidic Ph ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Piaractus Mesopotamicus ◽

Water Ph ◽

Gst Activity

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of low and high water hardness in interaction with different water pH in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Pacu juveniles were subjected to low (50 mg CaCO3 L-1 - LWH) or high water hardness (120 mg CaCO3 L-1 - HWH) at water pH of 5.5 (acidic), 7.5 (circumneutral) or 9.0 (alkaline) for 15 days. Gills and kidneys were collected (days 1, 5 and 15). Gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activities were higher in alkaline pH with HWH on day 1. Gill and kidney NKA and V-ATPase activities were higher in acidic pH with LWH on day 15. Gill NKA activity of pacus under alkaline pH with LWH was higher than those exposed to HWH. Reduced antioxidant capacity in the gills and kidney and enhanced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were demonstrated in fish exposed to acidic or alkaline pH, mainly with LWH. HWH increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and reduced TBARS levels in the gills and kidney. On day 15, GST activity was increased at acidic pH with LWH. In conclusion, circumneutral pH presents less oxidative stress and fewer variations in ATPases and HWH reduced deleterious effects in fish exposed to acidic or alkaline pH.

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Magnesium supplements affect selected cadmium toxic actions and uptake of repeated doses of cadmium

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.1515/bvip-2015-0081 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 541-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andrzej Grosicki ◽

Paweł Małagocki ◽

Anna Kycko ◽

Jerzy Monkiewicz ◽

Waldemar Korol

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Body Weight ◽

Cadmium Chloride ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

The Body ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Repeated Doses ◽

Higher Doses

Abstract The importance of magnesium supplements on organ retention of cadmium and allometric parameters after repeated exposure to cadmium chloride were studied in male Wistar rats. Magnesium chloride was given via drinking water (500 mg Mg/L) to rats exposed intragastrically to cadmium chloride (labelled with cadmium 109) at a daily dose corresponding to 25 mg/kg diet for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. Supplements of magnesium temporarily decreased cadmium retention in the duodenum and liver. No significant differences in cadmium retention were evidenced in the kidneys and testicles. The supplements of magnesium also retain more of the body weight gains and restore the relative liver and testicle weight in rats intoxicated with cadmium. Comparison of the present results with earlier reports suggests a relationship between doses of magnesium and cadmium; higher doses of cadmium need more magnesium to overcome toxic action of the heavy metal.

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Aging and Electrochemical Behaviour of 7017 Al-Zn-Mg Alloy of Various Tempers

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.665 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 710 ◽

pp. 665-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Prasanta Kumar Rout ◽

K.S. Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Behaviour ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Polarization Curves ◽

Mg Alloy ◽

Potential Range ◽

Second Phase ◽

Acidic Ph ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Neutral Ph

Artificial aging behaviour of a 7017 Al-Zn-Mg alloy was studied by hardness measurement. The electrochemical behaviour of various alloy tempers, such as under-, peak-, and over-aged, have been evaluated by measuring variation of open circuit potential (OCP) with time and potentiodynamic polarization study in different environments. All the alloy tempers were tested in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution at neutral (pH 7), at acidic (pH 1) and at alkaline (pH 12) conditions. It has been observed that the OCP values of the alloy tempers shifted toward noble direction with the increase of aging time in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. The polarization curves are more or less similar in shape exhibiting only active region in neutral (pH 7) and in acidic (pH 1) conditions, but an active-passive region at alkaline (pH 12) condition. The electrochemical parameters; Ecorr, Icorr, passive potential range (Ep) and passive current (ip), obtained from potentiodyanamic polarization curves for the alloy tempers in acid, neutral and alkaline solution; depend on the alloy tempers and the pH of the solution as well. Attempts have been made to explain the observed electrochemical behaviour of the alloy tempers, which is influenced by the microstructure, presence and distribution of second phase precipitates, accessed by DSC and XRD techniques.

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The acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82570-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Brandon Whipple ◽

Jennifer Agar ◽

Jing Zhao ◽

David A. Pearce ◽

Attila D. Kovács

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microflora ◽

Wild Type ◽

Rotarod Test ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Taxonomic Level ◽

Water Ph ◽

Induced Changes

AbstractAcidification of drinking water to a pH between 2.5 and 3.0 is widely used to prevent the spread of bacterial diseases in animal colonies. Besides hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is also used to acidify drinking water. Here we examined the effects of H2SO4-acidified drinking water (pH = 2.8) received from weaning (postnatal day 21) on the behavior and gut microflora of 129S6/SvEv mice, a mouse strain commonly used in transgenic studies. In contrast to HCl-acidified water, H2SO4-acidified water only temporarily impaired the pole-descending ability of mice (at 3 months of age), and did not change the performance in an accelerating rotarod test. As compared to 129S6/SvEv mice receiving non-acidified or HCl-acidified drinking water, the gut microbiota of 129S6/SvEv mice on H2SO4-acidified water displayed significant alterations at every taxonomic level especially at 6 months of age. Our results demonstrate that the effects of acidified drinking water on the behavior and gut microbiota of 129S6/SvEv mice depends on the acid used for acidification. To shed some light on how acidified drinking water affects the physiology of 129S6/SvEv mice, we analyzed the serum and fecal metabolomes and found remarkable, acidified water-induced alterations.

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Two modes of phosphate transport by turtle urinary bladder

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1980.238.1.f31 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 238 (1) ◽

pp. F31-F36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. P. Johnson ◽

S. Green ◽

J. H. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Urinary Bladder ◽

Phosphate Transport ◽

Phosphate Concentration ◽

Acidic Ph ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

The Difference

The effects of changes in pH and addition of CO2/HCO3- on transepithelial phosphate transport were studied in turtle urinary bladder. Net mucosa-to-serosa flux of phosphate (JP) was determined as the difference between unidirectional 32P fluxes in the absence of transepithelial electrochemical gradients. With 5 mM phosphate in HCO3--free Ringer at pH 8.4, JP was 21.8 +/- 7.4 nmol . 8 cm-2 . h-1. There was a slight increase in JP with isohydric addition of 10 mM HCO3-. Addition of 5% CO2, which reduced pH to 7.3, did not affect JP. At pH 8.4, JP was not affected by ouabain or dinitrophenol and increased progressively as phosphate concentration was raised between 0.5 and 10 mM. At pH 6.2 in the absence of exogenous CO2 and HCO3-, JP was undectable. With 2.5 mM HCO3- and 5% CO2 at pH 6.5, JP was 61.3 +/- 16.0 and decreased to 30.6 +/- 1.6 nmol . 8 cm-2 . h-1 when pH was raised to 7.2 by increasing HCO3- to 10 mM. At pH 6.5 JP was inhibited by both ouabain and dinitrophenol. These results suggest that at acidic pH, JP results from the tranport of H2PO4-. The transport of H2PO4- is CO2 dependent and inhibited by ouabain and dinitrophenol. In contrast, at alkaline pH, JP results from the transport of HPO4(2-), which is neither CO2 dependent nor inhibited by ouabain or dinitrophenol.

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