Viabilities for obtaining, manufacturing and applying composites using bamboo powders and ophthalmic lens waste

The objective of this research was to obtain composites using petioles bamboo and ophthalmic lens waste powders and polyester resin. Such materials have no defined application, they are produced in large quantities and their waste is discarded irregularly in landfills. Bamboo and ophthalmic lens rejects powders were produced, with particle sizes of 2.07 mm and 1.14 mm, respectively. Preliminary tests were carried out to determine the maximum quantities of each material to be mixed with the polyester resin matrix, in order to guarantee the good processability of the new material produced. The mass quantities used were 10 and 15% bamboo, 15 and 40% tailings and a hybrid composition with 5% bamboo and 20% tailings, to obtain the desired composites. The composite plates were manufactured by the cold compression wet molding process in closed mold. Several tests were carried out to characterize the composites that were produced. It was found a decrease in the mechanical strength of the composite in comparison to the matrix, concluding that the bamboo powders and ophthalmic lens waste had a filling load function in the composites produced. The most expressive result of the composites was in the impact resistance, corresponding to 0.55 J/cm2 for OLWP 40% higher in 39.6% in relation to the polyester resin matrix. As a practical application, table and bench tops were manufactured with the most economically and ecologically viable composite, 40% OLWP.

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Analisa Kekuatan Bahan Komposit Yang Diperkuat Serat Bambu Menggunakan Resin Polyester Dengan Memvariasikan Susunan Serat Secara Acak Dan Lurus Memanjang

SPROCKET JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ◽

10.36655/sproket.v2i1.296 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 28-35

Author(s):

Rokki Manurung ◽

Sutan Simanjuntak ◽

Jesayas Sembiring ◽

Richard A.M. Napitupulu ◽

Suriady Sihombing

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composites ◽

Polyester Resin ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Resin Matrix ◽

Strength Increase ◽

Test Results ◽

The Matrix ◽

Bamboo Fibers ◽

Reinforcing Material

Composites are materials which are mixed with one or more different and heterogeneous reinforcement. Matrix materials can generally be polymers, ceramics and metals. The matrix in the composite serves to distribute the load into all reinforcing material. Matrix properties are usually ductile. The reinforcing material in the composite has the role of holding the load received by the composite material. The nature of the reinforcing material is usually rigid and tough. Strengthening materials commonly used so far are carbon fiber, glass fiber, ceramics. The use of natural fibers as a type of fiber that has advantages began to be applied as a reinforcing material in polymer composites. This study seeks to see the effect of the use of bamboo natural fibers in polyester resin matrix on the strength of polymer composites with random and straight lengthwise fiber variations. From the tensile test results it can be seen that bamboo fibers can increase the strength of polymer composites made from polyester resin and the position of the longitudinal fibers gives a significantly more strength increase than random fibers.

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Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Siloxane Reinforced Biphenyldiol Formaldehyde Resin Curing Epoxy Resin Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 936 ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Shi Hui Chen ◽

Jun Gang Gao ◽

Hong Zhe Han ◽

Chao Wang

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Resin ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Resin Matrix ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Interfacial Bonding Strength ◽

Resin Curing ◽

Degradation Properties ◽

The Impact

In order to modify the properties of the epoxy composites, an alkali catalyzed biphenyldiol formaldehyde resin (BPFR) was synthesized and used to cure epoxy resin (ER). γ-Glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH-560) was used as a reinforcer of the composites. Laminates of the BPFR/ER fiberglass reinforced composites with different (KH-560) contents were prepared. The influence of the KH-560 content on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal degradation properties of the composites was researched by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The mechanical, electrical properties of the composites were determined. The results showed that the interfacial bonding strength between resin matrix and fiberglass can be efficiently improved with the presence of KH-560. When the ratio of BPFR and ER is 3 : 7, the content of KH-560 is 5 ~7 wt%, the impact resistance of the fiberglass reinforced composites is 61.35~78.59 kJ/m2, the tensile resistance is 150.37~162.54 MPa, which are all 30 % higher than that of no added; The dielectric constant ε and dielectric loss tanδ of the composites is between 0.50~0.68 and between 0.008~0.01, respectively.

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Enhanced Impact-Resistance of Aeronautical Quasi-Isotropic Composite Plates Through Diffused Water Molecules in Epoxy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-114297/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Furqan Ahmad ◽

Fethi Abbassi ◽

Mazhar Ul-Islam ◽

Frédéric JACQUEMIN ◽

Jung-Wuk Hong

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Composite Plates ◽

Hot Water ◽

Low Velocity Impact ◽

Low Velocity ◽

Segmental Mobility ◽

Impact Tests ◽

Isotropic Composite ◽

The Impact

Abstract In order to elucidate the hygroscopic effects on impact-resistance of carbon fiber/epoxy quasi-isotropic composite plates, low-velocity impact tests are conducted on dry and hygroscopically conditioned plates, respectively, under identical configurations. For the impact tests, plates were immersed in the hot water at 80 °C to absorb a different amount of moisture content (MC). Experimental results reveal that the presence of the MC plays a pivotal role by improving the impact-resistance of composite plates. Plates with higher percentage of MC could behave elastically to a larger strain, yielding larger deflection under impact loading. From SEM fractographies, it is observed that small disbanding grows at the interface of epoxy and carbon fiber due to absorbed MC. After absorbing MC, most of impact enegy is dissipated in hygroscopic conditioned composite plates throught elastic deformation and overall less damage is induced in wet composite plates compare to the dry plate. We can postulate that the presence of MC increases the elastic limit as well as ductility of the epoxy by promoting chain segmental mobility of the polymer molecules, which eventually leads to the enhancement of the impact-resistance of wet quasi-isotropic composite plates in comparison with the dry plate.

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Preparation, Morphology and Thermal Properties of Rubber-Modified Polyester Resins

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2007.7.1.599 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M O Munyati ◽

P A Lovell

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Polyester Resin ◽

Unsaturated Polyester ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Good Control ◽

Resin Matrix ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Polyester Resins ◽

The Matrix ◽

Size And Morphology

AbstractThe preparation of polyester resin blends consisting of an unsaturated polyester resin matrix and rubbery particles comprising three radially-alternating glassy and rubbery layers is described. The morphology of the resin blends was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The results show that the particles were prepared with good control of particle size and morphology. DMTA results showed no reduction in the Tg of the matrix whilst the shear modulus of modified materials was found to be lower than that of the matrix material.

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Characterisation of Used PP-Based Car Bumpers and Their Recycling Properties

ISRN Materials Science ◽

10.1155/2013/531093 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. P. Luda ◽

V. Brunella ◽

D. Guaratto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Speed Test ◽

The Matrix ◽

Internal Mixer ◽

Mineral Fillers ◽

The Impact

Three used PP-based car bumpers are characterized by many techniques (fractionation, IR, TGA, DSC, DMTA, and SEM). They show different impact and static and dynamic mechanical properties depending on their composition and morphology. It appears that block copolymer compatibilizers constituted by polyethylene-polypropylene sequences allow a better compatibility between the rubber domains and the PP matrix leading to relatively high impact resistance. Indeed if the ethylene sequences of the copolymer are large enough to crystallize, the decreased mobility of the whole system impairs the impact resistance. In addition, a higher amount of rubber in domains regular in shape and of greater dimension (1–3 μm) promotes a more homogeneous dispersion of external force inside the material, decreasing the risk of fracture. The amount of mineral fillers regulates the elastic modulus (the higher the load, the higher the modulus); however, a fairly good interfacial adhesion is required for satisfactory impact strength. All PP-based bumpers have been mechanically recycled in an internal mixer to redistribute oxidized species and to reestablish phase compatibilization. Recycling improves mechanical properties in slow speed test but fails to increase impact strength particularly in filled bumper, in which the quality of the matrix/filler interphase is hard to improve by simple remixing.

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Enhanced impact-resistance of aeronautical quasi-isotropic composite plates through diffused water molecules in epoxy

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81443-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Furqan Ahmad ◽

Fethi Abbassi ◽

Mazhar Ul-Islam ◽

Frédéric Jacquemin ◽

Jung-Wuk Hong

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Composite Plates ◽

Hot Water ◽

Low Velocity Impact ◽

Low Velocity ◽

Segmental Mobility ◽

Impact Tests ◽

Isotropic Composite ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn order to elucidate the hygroscopic effects on impact-resistance of carbon fiber/epoxy quasi-isotropic composite plates, low-velocity impact tests are conducted on dry and hygroscopically conditioned plates, respectively, under identical configurations. For the impact tests, plates were immersed in the hot water at 80 °C to absorb a different amount of moisture content (MC). Experimental results reveal that the presence of the MC plays a pivotal role by improving the impact-resistance of composite plates. Plates with higher percentage of MC could behave elastically to a larger strain, yielding larger deflection under impact loading. From SEM fractographies, it is observed that small disbanding grows at the interface of epoxy and carbon fiber due to absorbed MC. After absorbing MC, most of impact energy is dissipated in hygroscopic conditioned composite plates through elastic deformation and overall less damage is induced in wet composite plates compare to the dry plate. We can postulate that the presence of MC increases the elastic limit as well as ductility of the epoxy by promoting chain segmental mobility of the polymer molecules, which eventually leads to the enhancement of the impact-resistance of wet quasi-isotropic composite plates in comparison with the dry plate.

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Effect of Mineral Fillers on the Mechanical Properties of Commercially Available Biodegradable Polymers

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13030394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 394

Author(s):

Wouter Post ◽

Lambertus J. Kuijpers ◽

Martin Zijlstra ◽

Maarten van der Zee ◽

Karin Molenveld

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Biodegradable Polymers ◽

Plastic Material ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

The Matrix ◽

Polybutylene Succinate ◽

Mineral Fillers ◽

The Impact ◽

Plastic Products

In the successful transition towards a circular materials economy, the implementation of biobased and biodegradable plastics is a major prerequisite. To prevent the accumulation of plastic material in the open environment, plastic products should be both recyclable and biodegradable. Research and development actions in the past few decades have led to the commercial availability of a number of polymers that fulfil both end-of-life routes. However, these biobased and biodegradable polymers typically have mechanical properties that are not on par with the non-biodegradable plastic products they intend to replace. This can be improved using particulate mineral fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, kaolin, and mica. This study shows that composites thereof with polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyhydroxybutyrate-hexanoate (PHBH), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) as matrix polymers result in plastic materials with mechanical properties ranging from tough elastic towards strong and rigid. It is demonstrated that the balance between the Young’s modulus and the impact resistance for this set of polymer composites is subtle, but a select number of investigated compositions yield a combination of industrially relevant mechanical characteristics. Finally, it is shown that the inclusion of mineral fillers into biodegradable polymers does not negate the microbial disintegration of these polymers, although the nature of the filler does affect the biodegradation rate of the matrix polymer.

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Effect of Al2O3 on the Tensile and Impact Strength of Flax/Unsaturated Polyester Composite with Emphasis on Automobile Body Applications

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/6641029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Gebre Fenta Aynalem ◽

Belete Sirahbizu

Keyword(s):

Impact Strength ◽

Polyester Resin ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Unsaturated Polyester ◽

Fiber Material ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽

Molding Process ◽

The Impact

This study has endeavored to develop an Al2O3-filled natural fiber reinforced polymer composite which is intended to substitute the most widely used synthetic E-glass fiber material. To attain the desired objective of the work, 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt% Al2O3-filled chopped flax/unsaturated polyester resin composite have been developed by the conventional hand-lay-up method followed by a compression molding process. Consequently, characterization and mechanical property tests are conducted based on the ASTM standard. The results revealed that both tensile and impact strength properties of the base chopped flax/unsaturated polyester resin composite are all affected due to the inclusion and variation of the content of Al2O3 in 15 and 25 wt% fiber loading cases. It has been noticed that a 39.06% increase in the ultimate tensile strength of the composite in 25/UPR-5 composition has been gained. The effect of Al2O3 on the impact strength of the base composite has also been analyzed and a 45% increase has been observed in 15/UPR-10 composition. The findings also witnessed that the newly developed composite can be applied to make automotive parts such as mud guard and engine undercover.

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Influence of Extrusion Temperature on Property of Graphene Oxide-carbon Fiber Hybrid Reinforced Resin Matrix Composites

10.21203/rs.3.rs-482163/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuqin Ma ◽

Fei Li ◽

Wei Xu ◽

Long Yan ◽

Haiyin Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Performance Test ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Extrusion Temperature ◽

Resin Matrix ◽

Strengthening Effect ◽

Molding Process ◽

The Matrix

Abstract The graphene oxide-carbon fiber hybrid reinforced resin matrix (GO-CF/EP) composites were prepared by vacuum infiltration hot-pressing molding process. The effects of extrusion temperature on the microstructure, fracture mechanism and mechanical properties of GO-CF/EP composites were investigated by setting different extrusion temperatures. In the experiments, the extrusion temperature was controlled as 30℃, 40℃, 50℃, 60℃ and 70℃ respectively. It was found that the best mechanical property of composites and infiltration effect of matrix in the fiber gap were obtained at the temperature of 50℃. The bending strength of the material reached 977 MPa through the performance test. The results showed the matrix viscosity was high and the fluidity was poor when the extrusion temperature was low. Poor penetration of the matrix resulted in a large number of fibers failing to bond together. The stress was difficult to transfer to other fibers through the matrix and the strengthening effect of graphene oxide (GO) was weak when the composite was subjected to external force. This phenomenon led to poor mechanical properties of composites. Under the condition of higher temperature, the flow speed of the matrix and the curing speed of composites could be improved. As a result, some of the matrix was solidified in advance while being pressed out, which led to cracks and other defects in the process of loading and affects the mechanical properties of the composites. However, the mechanical properties of the composites with higher extrusion temperature were better than those with lower extrusion temperature due to the existence of graphene oxide in the fiber gap.

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Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composites for Improving Impact Properties

Materials Science ◽

10.5755/j02.ms.24503 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. X

Author(s):

Chuanliang SHEN ◽

Xiaodong XU ◽

Xiaoyu MA ◽

Yibo HU ◽

Shan ZHANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shape Memory Alloy ◽

Shape Memory ◽

Composite Plate ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Composite Plates ◽

Impact Response ◽

Impact Properties ◽

The Impact

This paper investigates the method to improve the property that can decrease the impact response of composite plate. Embedding the super-elastic shape memory alloy wires into composite plates has increased the attention of material researchers. Super-elastic shape memory alloy has the properties of absorbing mechanical energy, large recoverable deformation and so on. In this study, experiments were conducted to analyze the impact properties of composite plates with Ni-Ti SMA wires. Composite plates with Ni-Ti SMA wires and without Ni-Ti SMA wires were subjected to two impacts respectively. This study measured the responses of two impacts. The results showed that the composite plate with Ni-Ti SMA wires were subjected to a second impact with a peak deflection of 5.47 mm, which was only 0.22 mm larger than the first impact. The relevant data of the composite plate without Ni-Ti SMA wires were 9.02 mm, 1.22 mm, and serious damage occurred. It was verified that the Ni-Ti SMA wires improved the impact resistance of the composite plate. After studying the impact tests of variable diameters of SMA wires embedded at the low layer of composite plate, it was shown that as the diameter of SMA wires increased, the impact resistance of composite plates was improved.

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