IMPACT OF WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS DISEASE ON GILLS IN SHRIMP, PENAEUS MONODON

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. JAWALE ◽  
B.J. UGALE
Keyword(s):  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Gill Cells

Protozoan parasites cause problems in Penaeid shrimp culture and major impact on the shrimp farming industry.White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major shrimp pathogen that also infects Penaeus monodon species was selected. Histological changes in the gill cells were studied. Histological techniques using paraffin embeded tissues as well as frozen tissues were used for identification of WSSV infection. Histological manifestation such as gill cells could be detected. The gill cells were marked and characteristic of WSSV infections were observed. The present investigation was focused on the virus infecting shrimp. The microscopic examinations of the histological preparation are presently used to detect WSSV zoothamnium.

Penaeid shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture in Bangladesh.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandaker Huq ◽  
Shafiq-ur-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Saline Water Intrusion ◽  
Employment Generation

Abstract The shrimp (Penaeus monodon), locally known as bagda, is known as white gold for its high economic value in Bangladesh. The shrimp sector of Bangladesh is seen as having become important in economic terms, contributing significantly to foreign exchange earnings and employment generation in rural areas. P. monodon culture is practiced in the Bagerhat, Chokoria, Cox's Bazar, Khulna, Moheshkhali, Shatkhira and Teknaf regions and recently has been introduced in some coastal areas of Noakhali district. Three culture systems are found in Bangladesh, i.e. traditional, improved traditional and semi-intensive with production rates of 150-200, 250-400 and 2,000-2500 kg ha-1, respectively. Seed is collected from natural sources and is produced in hatcheries. There are 44 penaeid shrimp hatcheries in Bangladesh. The present shrimp fry production is 3.05 billion. More than 200,000 people are engaged in shrimp fry collection and marketing and more than 350,000 people are engaged in shrimp farming. Ancillary industries like shrimp hatcheries, feed industries, ice factories, processing factories, net industries and shrimp culture apparatus industries provide direct employment for 25,000-30,000 people. Adverse environmental impacts reported are reduction of grazing land and saline water intrusion due to mismanagement but these could be overcome by introducing environmentally friendly shrimp culture. As the climate of Bangladesh is favourable for P. monodon culture, it is necessary to give more attention to improve it as it will open a new horizon in the economy of the country.

Crop rotation with penaeid shrimp (Penaeus monodon).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandaker Huq ◽  
Shafiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Brackish Water Fish

Abstract In crop rotation different crops may be cultivated within the same year to rejuvenate the environment and reduce pests and diseases. Crop rotation in shrimp farming is not popular in Bangladesh as the shrimp bagda (Penaeus monodon) is much more profitable than growing rice or farming brackish water fish. In traditional and improved traditional farms, it is usual practice to stock seed and harvest shrimp year-round. Viral disease occurred in the 1990s and caused mass mortality of penaeid shrimp. To minimise the risk of disease, there is a need to apply crop rotation techniques of shrimp with rice and finfish on farms in coastal areas, as is carried out by some farmers. Shrimp culture is generally done in the dry season (February-June) when water salinity increases (>10ppt) and ceases in the rainy season (July-August) when salinity decreases (<5ppt) because of heavy rainfall. Depending on salinity, some farmers produce two crops. During February-June they produce shrimp and subsequently they produce rice or freshwater fish.

scholarly journals Challenges in Controlling Vibriosis in Shrimp Farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hethesh Chellapandian ◽  
Jeyachandran Sivakamavalli ◽  
A. Vijay Anand ◽  
Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Live Feeds ◽  
The Impact

Recently the shrimp farming has blooming as a crucial counterpart in the aquaculture industry which contribute the remarkable role in sea food production as well economy of the country. However, this could be fluctuated every year through several circumstances such as unfavorable (Poor water and soil quality) environmental factors. The environmental factors includes disease causing bacterial pathogens in the soil and water which causes the bacterial diseases in the aquatic animals, like this hectic problems are prevented through bioaugmentation strategies. The pond environment plays a vital role in determining the healthy culture system, but there is high risk for manipulation by bacterial community which takes care of waste generated in the system through in situ bioremediation. Due to the impact of rapidly growing bacterial diseases of shrimps throughout the world, numerous studies have been carried out to find immunostimulants, immunomodulators and biotic component that can be used against vibrio causing pathogens, and can also be used as an alternative for antibiotics. Recent research focus towards the marine resources such as microalgae, seaweed, live feeds (like artemia, copepods, rotifers), bacteriophage, and probiotics have been found to have higher potential in reducing vibriosis. Eco-based shrimp farming includes green water technology, phage therapy bio-floc technology (BFT) and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), these methods hold a promising alternative to antibiotics in the near future. Bacterial diseases caused by vibrios have been reported in penaeid shrimp culture systems implicating at least 14 species and they are Vibrio harveyi, V. splendidus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. vulnificuslogei etc.

scholarly journals Genotype Diversity and Spread of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Madagascar (2012–2016)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Alain Moïse Onihary ◽  
Iony Manitra Razanajatovo ◽  
Lydia Rabetafika ◽  
Alexandra Bastaraud ◽  
Jean-Michel Heraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Type I ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
White Spot Disease ◽  
North West ◽  
White Spot Syndrome

White Spot Disease (WSD) caused by the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is the most devastating viral disease threatening the shrimp culture industry worldwide, including Madagascar. WDS was first reported on the island in 2012; however, little is known about the circulation of the virus and its genetic diversity. Our study aimed at describing the molecular diversity and the spread of WSSV in the populations of Madagascan crustaceans. Farmed and wild shrimps were collected from various locations in Madagascar from 2012 to 2016 and were tested for WSSV. Amplicons from positive specimens targeting five molecular markers (ORF75, ORF94, ORF125, VR14/15 and VR23/24) were sequenced for genotyping characterizations. Four genotypes were found in Madagascar. The type-I genotype was observed in the south-west of Madagascar in April 2012, causing a disastrous epidemic, then spread to the North-West coast. Type-II strains were detected in October 2012 causing an outbreak in another Penaeus monodon farm. In 2014 and 2015, types II and III were observed in shrimp farms. Finally, in 2016, types II and IV were found in wild species including Fenneropenaeus indicus, Metapenaeus monoceros, Marsupenaeus japonicus and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Considering the economic importance of the shrimp industry for Madagascar, our study highlights the need to maintain WSSV surveillance to quickly take appropriate countermeasures in case of outbreak and to sustain this industry.

scholarly journals Protection of Penaeus monodon against White Spot Syndrome Virus by Oral Vaccination

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 2057-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Witteveldt ◽  
Carolina C. Cifuentes ◽  
Just M. Vlak ◽  
Mariëlle C. W. van Hulten
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Farming Industry

ABSTRACT White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) occurs worldwide and causes high mortality and considerable economic damage to the shrimp farming industry. No adequate treatments against this virus are available. It is generally accepted that invertebrates such as shrimp do not have an adaptive immune response system such as that present in vertebrates. As it has been demonstrated that shrimp surviving a WSSV infection have higher survival rates upon subsequent rechallenge, we investigated the potential of oral vaccination of shrimp with subunit vaccines consisting of WSSV virion envelope proteins. Penaeus monodon shrimp were fed food pellets coated with inactivated bacteria overexpressing two WSSV envelope proteins, VP19 and VP28. Vaccination with VP28 showed a significant lower cumulative mortality compared to vaccination with bacteria expressing the empty vectors after challenge via immersion (relative survival, 61%), while vaccination with VP19 provided no protection. To determine the onset and duration of protection, challenges were subsequently performed 3, 7, and 21 days after vaccination. A significantly higher survival was observed both 3 and 7 days postvaccination (relative survival, 64% and 77%, respectively), but the protection was reduced 21 days after the vaccination (relative survival, 29%). This suggests that contrary to current assumptions that invertebrates do not have a true adaptive immune system, a specific immune response and protection can be induced in P. monodon. These experiments open up new ways to benefit the WSSV-hampered shrimp farming industry.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Probiotics and Bioflocs on the Production Performance of Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon and Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during Polyculture Operation

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
K. Sirisha ◽  
Y. Aparna ◽  
M. Srinivasulu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Shrimp Culture

Shrimp culture has been developed during the last three decades and the production of farmed shrimp reached its peak. However, the shrimp production was decreased all over the World including in Asian Countries because of the mass mortality due to the outbreak of several diseases predominantly White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) which caused extensive economic damage to the shrimp culture industry. Various Polyculture technologies of shrimp with shellfish, finfish or seaweeds have been implemented to reduce economic damages by mass mortality of shrimp. The present study was conducted with Tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei through Polyculture operation to determine optimum stocking ratios for induction of best performance and highest production rates. Initially, the experiments were conducted with different ratios and combinations of stocking densities 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 ratios of Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei with control group feed with commercial feed, the other group certain Probiotic bacteria such as Bacillus licheniformis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus added in feed, the third group both the Probiotic bacteria and the addition of external Carbon source from sugarcane molasses in the form of Bioflocs for 100 days. To ascertain further interaction of ratios influence, 20:10, 20:12, 20:15 ratios of stocking and Monoculture experiments were conducted. In both the experiments the Survival rate, Final body weights, Weight Gain, Feed conversion ratio, Specific growth rates, Average daily growth rates, Protein efficiency ratio, and Productivity rates were significantly different (P<0.05) in all the different treatments both for P. monodon and L. vannamei. From the results obtained 20:10 ratio of P. monodon and L. vannamei was considered as the best ratio of stocking, which yielded the highest production rates in all the Control, Probiotic added and both Probiotic & Biofloc added groups. The results obtained in the present study clearly demonstrate that the rearing of taxonomically similar species with optimum stocking ratios seems to improve the efficiency of shrimp farming and substantially increasing the production rates. So, this polyculture of P. monodon and L. vannamei can be considered as an alternative approach towards the establishment of sustainable shrimp farming activity which will yield good economic returns.

scholarly journals Shrimp culture packages in southwestern Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
D Sarkar ◽  
MAB Sayeed ◽  
GS Hossain ◽  
KA Huq
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Supplementary Feed

Context: The study was conducted under the technical support of ATDP-II in Bagerhat District, from July to November 2005 on traditional, closed, and semi-intensive culture packages of penaeid shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the management, technical and economic aspects of three different shrimp culture packages. Materials and Methods: Post larval nursing was done for 30 days at a density of 50 PL/m2. Culture was done for 120 days at a density of 2.11, 7.37 & 11.56 individuals/m2 in traditional, closed, and semi-intensive ponds respectively. Shrimp PL were fed CP feed (40 % protein) at a rate of 2kg for 100,000 PL, but no supplementary feed was used in traditional ponds. Results: The highest average daily growth (0.263±0.026 g/day) was found in traditional culture; while in closed, and semi-intensive system it was lower (0.226±0.023 and 0.239±0.022 g/day respectively) due to high stocking density and feed competition. Survival rates were found 49.14±5.94, 57.94±8.01 and 60.07±10.98 % which yielded 327.23±24.14, 1158.07±134.76, 1991.57±232.70 kg/ha in traditional, closed, and semi-intensive ponds respectively. Net income was calculated 47932.18 Tk/ha from traditional, 178779.2 Tk/ha from closed, and 312736.8 Tk/ha from semi-intensive culture. Conclusion: The study suggests that instead of horizontal expansion of traditional shrimp cultivation, healthy management and improved culture technique are very much important to increase shrimp production in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13001 J. bio-sci. 19 53-57, 2011

scholarly journals Acute Hepatopancreases Necrosis Diseases (AHPND) as Challenging Threat in Shrimp

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 978-991
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
The Pacific

White feces syndrome (WFS) is an emerging problem for penaeid shrimp farming industries in South East Asia countries. Outbreaks began in cultivated shrimp Penaeus (Penaeus) monodon, and Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei and spread progressively worldwide, although the disease's cause was unknown. In 2011 a case definition for AHPND (as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis diseases) and white fecal syndrome (WFS) were reported. The presence of white feces floating on water and clinical symptoms include pale empty gut region, reduced growth, movable shell, and black discoloration. The pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, with the major shrimp cultivable species globally, is currently in danger by a severe disease- WFS, which causes serious losses worldwide. It has been confirmed that the causative agent of WFS/AHPND is a bacterium that is a pathogen - probably Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This bacterium currently reported has acquired plasmids that encode lethal binary toxins PirA/PirB causing rapid death of infected shrimp. Additionally, this plasmid acquired some virulence factor which is directly related to pathogenicity. Further rapid diagnostic tests for early detection of WFS/AHPND pathogens will promote the production of hatchery and pond maintenance and contribute to the long-term explication of the disease's various aspects.

scholarly journals Shrimp Culture Practices at Farmers’ Level in Bagerhat District

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Chandra ◽  
AR Chowdhury ◽  
DR Das
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Cooked Rice

A study was conducted on culture practices of shrimp at farmers’ level in Bagerhat District. Investigation was based on a sample of 123 shrimp farmers from the seven Thanas (Fakirhat, Mollahat, Sadar, Rampal, Mongla, Chitalmari and Kachua) of the District, 73.17% farmers produced shrimp with white fishes. Farmers (54.47%) started to culture during 2000-2004 in this area. The culture period was typically four months for bagda and six to seven months for golda. Hatchery PL are stocked mainly in May to June for prawn and from late March for bagda. The average stocking density of shrimp PL golda and bagda was 24.16 and 12.16 thousand/ha in the farms. Varieties of feeds such as cooked rice, fishmeal, oilcake and snail muscle were used for shrimp culture. Mainly virus disease was responsible for the great loss of shrimp in this area. About 46.34% of the surveyed farms faced a huge damage due to WSBV. The average bagda and golda production was 350.37 kg and 428.08 kg/ha/year. Long term sustainability of shrimp farming facing problems due to lack of money, poor supply of good quality PL, lack of technical knowledge, higher production costs and poor institutional support. It might be however, necessary to establish shrimp hatcheries and provide training facilities, extension service, institutional and policy support to the farmers with the help of DoF and NGOs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16766 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 173 - 185, 2010

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