scholarly journals Shrimp Culture Practices at Farmers’ Level in Bagerhat District

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Chandra ◽  
AR Chowdhury ◽  
DR Das
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Cooked Rice

A study was conducted on culture practices of shrimp at farmers’ level in Bagerhat District. Investigation was based on a sample of 123 shrimp farmers from the seven Thanas (Fakirhat, Mollahat, Sadar, Rampal, Mongla, Chitalmari and Kachua) of the District, 73.17% farmers produced shrimp with white fishes. Farmers (54.47%) started to culture during 2000-2004 in this area. The culture period was typically four months for bagda and six to seven months for golda. Hatchery PL are stocked mainly in May to June for prawn and from late March for bagda. The average stocking density of shrimp PL golda and bagda was 24.16 and 12.16 thousand/ha in the farms. Varieties of feeds such as cooked rice, fishmeal, oilcake and snail muscle were used for shrimp culture. Mainly virus disease was responsible for the great loss of shrimp in this area. About 46.34% of the surveyed farms faced a huge damage due to WSBV. The average bagda and golda production was 350.37 kg and 428.08 kg/ha/year. Long term sustainability of shrimp farming facing problems due to lack of money, poor supply of good quality PL, lack of technical knowledge, higher production costs and poor institutional support. It might be however, necessary to establish shrimp hatcheries and provide training facilities, extension service, institutional and policy support to the farmers with the help of DoF and NGOs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16766 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 173 - 185, 2010

IMPACT OF WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS DISEASE ON GILLS IN SHRIMP, PENAEUS MONODON

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. JAWALE ◽  
B.J. UGALE
Keyword(s):  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Gill Cells

Protozoan parasites cause problems in Penaeid shrimp culture and major impact on the shrimp farming industry.White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major shrimp pathogen that also infects Penaeus monodon species was selected. Histological changes in the gill cells were studied. Histological techniques using paraffin embeded tissues as well as frozen tissues were used for identification of WSSV infection. Histological manifestation such as gill cells could be detected. The gill cells were marked and characteristic of WSSV infections were observed. The present investigation was focused on the virus infecting shrimp. The microscopic examinations of the histological preparation are presently used to detect WSSV zoothamnium.

The Economics of Commodities and Commodity Markets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Ielpo
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Spot Prices ◽  
Supply Shocks ◽  
The Business Cycle

This chapter covers the economic fundamentals of commodity markets (i.e., what shapes the evolution of the price of raw materials) in three steps. First, it covers the theories explaining why the futures curve can be upward or downward sloping, an essential element for commodity producing companies. The evolution of inventories and hedging pressures are the two dominant sources of explanation. Second, the chapter reviews the fundamentals of commodity spot prices: technologies, supply, demand, and speculation. Production costs draw the long-term evolution of prices, but demand and supply shocks can trigger substantial variations in commodity prices. Third, the chapter presents how commodity prices interact with the business cycle. Commodities are influenced by the world activity but can also have a material impact on it.

scholarly journals Sustaining Trade during COVID-19 Pandemic: Establishing a Conceptual Model Including COVID-19 Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5418
Author(s):  
Nashwan M. A. Saif ◽  
Jianping Ruan ◽  
Bojan Obrenovic
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Conceptual Research

The conceptual research aims to identify antecedents conducive to bilateral trade during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the relevance of bilateral trade for foreign policy and economy studies, there is a need for a renewed framework in times of extreme economic instability. As international commerce is essential for improving the country’s economy, we have examined how economic distance, population, trade percentage of GDP, exchange rate, and political changes interconnect and relate to COVID-19, influencing trade flows. This conceptual paper illustrates the likely impact of COVID-19 on international trade by exploring pandemics’ effects on standard trading parameters such as GDP, distance, policy stability, and population. We model the resulting shock as a multifaceted variable reflected in capital underutilization, manufacturing output decline, international trade costs inflation, production costs inflation, decrease in demand for certain services and shift from everyday needs towards activities that exclude the proximity between people, e.g., proclivity towards virtual market products. The sudden decrease in GDP and bilateral trade, as well as FDI, is amplified by further development of pandemics’ long-term consequences. We take COVID-19 to be a technological, financial, and policy shock significantly influencing international trade and economic development and argue that it will have a varying impact on diverse sectors and economies. The paper offers preliminary insight into the pandemic-related economics that are unfolding and deduce recommendations on positive changes in trading policy to fully leverage on arising trading opportunities and point to potential research directions.

Long-term sequelae of chikungunya virus disease: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 8-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëlle van Aalst ◽  
Charlotte Marieke Nelen ◽  
Abraham Goorhuis ◽  
Cornelis Stijnis ◽  
Martin Peter Grobusch
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Virus Disease

scholarly journals Dissimilarity of microbial diversity of pond water, shrimp intestine and sediment in Aquamimicry system

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenzheng Zeng ◽  
Sukontorn Khoruamkid ◽  
Warinphorn Kongpakdee ◽  
Dongdong Wei ◽  
Lingfei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Shrimp Production

Abstract The Pacific white shrimp, with the largest production in shrimp industry, has suffered from multiple severe viral and bacterial diseases, which calls for a more reliable and environmentally friendly system to promote shrimp culture. The “Aquamimicry system”, mimicking the nature of aquatic ecosystems for the well-being of aquatic animals, has effectively increased shrimp production and been adapted in many countries. However, the microbial communities in the shrimp intestine and surrounding environment that act as an essential component in Aquamimicry remain largely unknown. In this study, the microbial composition and diversity alteration in shrimp intestine, surrounding water and sediment at different culture stages were investigated by high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, obtaining 13,562 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Results showed that the microbial communities in shrimp intestine and surrounding environment were significantly distinct from each other, and 23 distinguished taxa for each habitat were further characterized. The microbial communities differed significantly at different culture stages, confirmed by a great number of OTUs dramatically altered during the culture period. A small part of these altered OTUs were shared between shrimp intestine and surrounding environment, suggesting that the microbial alteration of intestine was not consistent with that of water and sediment. Regarding the high production of Aquamimicry farm used as a case in this study, the dissimilarity between intestinal and surrounding microbiota might be considered as a potential indicator for healthy status of shrimp farming, which provided hints on the appropriate culture practices to improve shrimp production.

UPDATE ON CARDIOVASCULAR IMPLICATIONS OF COVID 19

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan ◽  
Gayathri Ananyajyothi Ambat ◽  
Roshini Ambat ◽  
Syed Ilas Basha ◽  
Hema Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Acute Myocardial Injury ◽  
Exercise Induced

On March 11 2020 WHO declares corona viral disease as a global pandemic .COVID 19 pandemic has taken the world by storm and many countries like India is now experiencing a second surge due to mutant strains. Global health emergency has been precipitated by this corona virus disease caused by SARS CoV2.Acute and intermediate effects on cardiovascular system are becoming obvious with progression of time. SARS-CoV-2-related endothelial dysfunction results in an augmented risk for venous thromboembolism, systemic vasculitis, endothelial cell apoptosis, and inammation in various organs. Acute infections have troponin elevation more due to indirect cardiac damage though denite patterns of direct damage do exist. Intermediate evaluation in patients with resolved infections shows increased incidence of exercise induced arrhythmias and residual cardiovascular symptoms. The virus with its zoonotic origin based upon its genomic identity to bat derived SARS corona virus has a human to human transmission mode.ACE 2 receptors facilitate cellular entry and has been implicated in direct and indirect myocardial damage. Myocarditis, acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias and thromboembolism dominates the clinical picture. Role of imaging must be dened in relation to relevant clinical ndings. With arrival of vaccine and widespread vaccination global programs, we can look forward to understanding and managing long term complications of this disease. Prognostic implications of a resolved disease need to be evaluated by future studies.

scholarly journals Local soil quality assessment of north-central Namibia: integrating farmers' and technical knowledge

SOIL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Prudat ◽  
Lena Bloemertz ◽  
Nikolaus J. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
North Central ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Soil Units

Abstract. Soil degradation is a major threat for farmers of semi-arid north-central Namibia. Soil conservation practices can be promoted by the development of soil quality (SQ) evaluation toolboxes that provide ways to evaluate soil degradation. However, such toolboxes must be adapted to local conditions to reach farmers. Based on qualitative (interviews and soil descriptions) and quantitative (laboratory analyses) data, we developed a set of SQ indicators relevant for our study area that integrates farmers' field experiences (FFEs) and technical knowledge. We suggest using participatory mapping to delineate soil units (Oshikwanyama soil units, KwSUs) based on FFEs, which highlight mostly soil properties that integrate long-term productivity and soil hydrological characteristics (i.e. internal SQ). The actual SQ evaluation of a location depends on the KwSU described and is thereafter assessed by field soil texture (i.e. chemical fertility potential) and by soil colour shade (i.e. SOC status). This three-level information aims to reveal SQ improvement potential by comparing, for any location, (a) estimated clay content against median clay content (specific to KwSU) and (b) soil organic status against calculated optimal values (depends on clay content). The combination of farmers' and technical assessment cumulates advantages of both systems of knowledge, namely the integrated long-term knowledge of the farmers and a short- and medium-term SQ status assessment. The toolbox is a suggestion for evaluating SQ and aims to help farmers, rural development planners and researchers from all fields of studies understanding SQ issues in north-central Namibia. This suggested SQ toolbox is adapted to a restricted area of north-central Namibia, but similar tools could be developed in most areas where small-scale agriculture prevails.

scholarly journals Community Empowerment to Increase Litopenaeus vannamei Productivity Towards Semi-Intensive System by Potential Analysis and Self-Feed Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Sulastri Arsad ◽  
Muhammad Musa ◽  
Evellin Dewi Lusiana ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudi ◽  
Nanik Retno Buwono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Intensive System

Vaname shrimp is one of the leading cultivations of fishery production commodities in Indonesia which has high selling price and market share, also relatively resistant with high stocking density. Cultivation activities of this commodity can be carried out through three systems; namely traditional, semi-intensive, and intensive system. One group of cultivators who develop shrimp farming business is Mina Nusantara group in Lamongan District, where the cultivation system is still performed traditionally. The shrimp size was not uniform, and the survival rate was low once it harvested. Moreover, community empowerment was applied to increase vaname productivity towards semi-intensive system by culture potential analyses using SWOT and self-feed production training. Survey and experimental approach were used during the activities. The activities included survey and discussion with shrimp local farmer (Mina Nusantara), identified internal and external factors of culture by using SWOT analysis, carried out self-made artificial feed training, and program evaluation at the end. The activity resulted an increasing of farmer understanding of various culture system and they can produce the pellet in small scale by themselves. Based on SWOT analysis, the culture is potential to develop sustainably by regarding both internal and external factors.

scholarly journals Technical note: GUARD – An automated fluid sampler preventing sample alteration by contamination, evaporation and gas exchange, suitable for remote areas and harsh conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Hartmann ◽  
Marc Luetscher ◽  
Ralf Wachter ◽  
Philipp Holz ◽  
Elisabeth Eiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Abstract. Automated water sampling devices adapted to field operation have proven highly useful for environmental research as well as in the public and private sector, where natural or artificial waters need to be tested regularly for compliance with environmental and health regulations. Such autosamplers are already available on the market in slightly differing versions, but none of these devices are capable of sealing the collected samples to prevent sample alteration by contamination, evaporation or gas exchange. In many sampling cases, however, this feature is essential, for instance for studying the hydrological cycle based on isotopes in rainwater, or for monitoring waters contaminated with toxic gases or other volatile compounds detrimental to biota and human health. Therefore, we have developed a new mobile autosampler, which injects water samples directly into airtight vials, thus preventing any sample alteration. Further advantages include low production costs, compact dimensions and low weight allowing for easy transport, a wide range of selectable sampling intervals as well as a low power consumption, which make it suitable for long-term applications even in remote areas and harsh (outdoor) conditions due to its heavy-duty water-proof casing. In this paper, we demonstrate (1) the sampler's mechanical functioning, (2) the long-term stability of the collected samples with regard to evaporation and gas exchange and (3) the potential of our device in a wide variety of applications drawing on laboratory and field experiments in different karst caves, which represent one of the most challenging sampling environments.

scholarly journals Vannamei shrimp cultivation technology as an innovation of coastal land use in Rugemuk village Pulau Labu sub-district Deli Serdang district in 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Irnawati Marsaulina ◽  
Harlem Marpaung
Keyword(s):  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Coastal Land Use ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Shrimp Cultivation

This community service activity aims to increase the ability of fishermen and apply appropriate technology to cultivate Vannamei shrimp in a sustainable manner so that it will improve the welfare of fishermen's families. To achieve the objectives, several stages of activities are carried out, the first stage of the survey is to find out how the fish cultivator fishermen groups carry out their activities. The second stage is the socialization of activities that will be carried out to increase the ability to grow shrimp so that the results in a long time can increase the income (economy) of the fishermen. The third stage is to carry out coaching and counseling related to shrimp farming and can make decisions in the next economic field. This service program is carried out within 6 months. Program targets and outcomes (1). Increased knowledge and skills on appropriate technology in conducting Vannamei shrimp cultivation (2). Increased Vannamei shrimp yields by conducting shrimp culture training using tarpaulins. (3). In the long run, the results of aquaculture increase the economic welfare of the fishermen's family.

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