scholarly journals The relative efficacy of positively and negatively valenced road safety campaign messages in improving dangerous driving attitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Ben W. Morrison ◽  
Mark Sasaki ◽  
Natalie M.V. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Positive Message ◽  
Dangerous Driving ◽  
Campaign Messages ◽  
Negative Message ◽  
Message Acceptance ◽  
Serious Injuries

Dangerous driving is a social problem that results in serious injuries, fatalities, and significant economic costs. Extensive research has examined the efficacy of road safety campaigns in curbing dangerous driving, however, these investigations have largely focused on negatively valenced messages. Less attention has been paid to positively valenced examples, and the role of drivers’ motivations for dangerous driving in relation to message impact. One hundred sixty licensed drivers (female, n = 120; male, n = 30; other, n = 10) completed a questionnaire that measured their current driving behaviours and their motives for driving dangerously. Drivers then viewed one of two safe driving messages (either positive or negative in valence) and provided a gauge of message impact. Finally, looking to the future, participants completed a measure of planned driving behaviour. Results revealed differences across sex in drivers’ motivations to drive dangerously, as well as their planned behavioural change after viewing the safety messages. On average, participants recorded greater response efficacy and message acceptance, and lower message rejection in the positive message group, compared to the negative message group. Further, in a separate analysis of female-only drivers, a number motivators of dangerous driving were linked to message impact from safe driving campaigns. The findings suggest that, despite the traditional dominance of negatively valenced campaigns, there may be benefit in the use of positive campaigns, and further that motivators of dangerous driving can be linked to message impact from safe driving campaigns, supporting the case for a more targeted approach in campaign design.

DINAMICS OF THE COGNITIVE COMPONENT OF THE SAFE DRIVING ATTITUDE OF NOVICE DRIVERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Т.В. Кочетова ◽  
А.В. Погодина ◽  
М.А. Харченко
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
First Year ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
The Social

В настоящей статье представлены результаты экспериментального исследования динамики когнитивного компо- нента социальной установки начинающих водителей. Приведены данные анализа психометрических показателей, характеризую- щих уровень осведомленности о факторах риска дорожно-транспортной среды, – вождение в нетрезвом состоянии и скоростное вождение. Показано, как дополнительные знания об этих факторах риска приводят к изменению установки на безопасное вождение и в дальнейшем могут обусловливать количество реальных нарушений правил дорожного движения в течение первого года стажа водительскойдеятельности. This article presents the results of an experimental research of the dynamics of the cognitive component of the social attitudes of novice drivers. The data of the analysis presents the psychometric indicators that characterized of knowledge about the risk factors of the road safety – drunk driving and speeding driving. This research shows how additional knowledge about these risk factors leads to a change in the social attitude towards safe driving and can determine the number of the violations of the traffic rules during the first year of driving experience.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSTICS TA SHLYAKHIV FORMUVANNYA VIDPOVIDALNOSTI SPECIFICATIONS MAYBUTNIKH FAKHIVTSIV

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Stepanov ◽  
Albina Venger
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Dangerous Driving ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Features

The article studies the psychophysiological features of drivers and their impact on road safety. The levels of psychophysiological “danger” and psychological characteristics of drivers are studied based on the analysis of their professional activity. The individual psychological features of drivers caused by disorders of mental regulation of their behavior are determined. The authors propose to improve the system of psychological training of drivers, taking into account the factors of “dangerous driving”.

PREVENTION SAFE DRIVING A VEHICLE

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
С.В. Шпорт ◽  
Д.А. Полянский
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Interagency Cooperation ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Vehicle Management ◽  
Keywords Prevention ◽  
Early Detection And Prevention

Основной целью психопрофилактики является сохранение психического здоровья, душевного равновесия чело- века. Предупреждение дорожно-транспортных происшествий и снижение числа смертей на дорогах заключается в повышении зна- чимости первичной и вторичной психопрофилактики в структуре медицинского обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения; гармонизации межведомственного взаимодействия с целью предотвращения чрезвычайных ситуаций на транспорте и дорожно- транспортных происшествий; раннем выявлении и профилактике психических заболеваний. The cardinal object of psychoprophylaxis is to preserve the mental health and mental balance of a person. Prevention of road accidents and reducing the number of deaths on the roads is to increase the importance of primary and secondary psychoprophylaxis in the structure of medical road safety; harmonization of interagency interaction to prevent transport emergencies and road accidents; early detection and prevention of mental diseases. Keywords: prevention, interagency cooperation, security,vehicle management

scholarly journals Factors related to the increasing number of seriously injured cyclists and pedestrians in a Swedish urban region 2003–17

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. e158-e164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Värnild ◽  
Per Tillgren ◽  
Peter Larm
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Space ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
National Road ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Vision Zero

Abstract Background The number of seriously injured unprotected road users has increased during implementation of a road safety policy Vision Zero. The aim of the study is to identify factors associated with the increase in serious injuries among cyclists and pedestrians (even single pedestrian accidents) that occurred in an urban road space in a Swedish region 2003–17. The urban road space includes roads, pavements and tracks for walking and cycling. Methods Data were retrieved from STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) and NVDB (National Road Database). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression with odds ratios for sex, age and part of road space were assessed. Results The number of seriously injured cyclists and pedestrians more than doubled from 2003 to 2017, with the greatest increase for pedestrians. Older age increased the probability of serious injury since 2012 for the group ≥ 80 years and since 2015 for the group 65–79 years. No significant effect of sex. Most injuries occur in areas not transformed by Vision Zero. Conclusions An increasing number of elderly persons in the generation born in the 1940s and increased life expectancy are important factors. There is a need to increase road safety measures that also promote active mobility.

Nutritional labelling and purchase intention interaction of interpretative food labels with consumers' beliefs and decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayetano Medina-Molina ◽  
Benito Pérez-González
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Message ◽  
Negative Message

PurposeSpain decided to implement NutriScore with the objective of helping consumers to choose healthier foods. NutriScore is a summary indicator interpretative nutritional labelling. This study aims to verify whether the coexistence with other interpretative labelling may influence NutriScore effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was used to analyse two different brands in the same category; one of them ranked with a “B” NutriScore rating and the other with a “D” NutriScore rating. The product packaging was shown in four different ways: without indications, with nutrient-specific labels, with summary indicators (NutriScore) and with both interpretative indicators. Having positive and negative evaluations of NutriScore allowed us to assess its impact. Structural equation modelling (SEM), Student t-test and F-test were employed with a sample of 301 questionnaires.FindingsThe different formats of the interpretative labels did not moderate the relationship between perceived healthiness and purchase intention. When a food product is given positive evaluation from NutriScore, nutrient-specific interpretative labelling reinforces the effect of NutriScore. When a food product is given negative evaluation from NutriScore, nutrient specific interpretative labelling cancels the effect of NutriScore on perceived healthiness and purchase intention.Originality/valuePrevious studies have analysed the interaction between NutriScore and nutrient-specific interpretative labels, but they attribute a negative message to the product (warning labels). This study was aimed at analysing the interaction between NutriScore and summary indicators nutrient specific with positive message about the nutritional quality of the food item.

The Writer and the Road: Wole Soyinka and Those Who Cause Death by Dangerous Driving

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Wole Soyinka ◽  
The Road ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
Dangerous Driving ◽  
The Rich

A social activist with wide-ranging concern for the welfare of his society, Wole Soyinka is on record as saying that it was the death toll among students and colleagues which prompted him to become involved in road safety. These victims were among the grim statistics of accidents; for example, in 1988 a total of 9,077 people were killed on Nigerian roads, and 24,413 were injured.2 But it is clear from Soyinka's writing that his interest in ‘the road’, and the rich characters it throws up and crushes under foot, predates the slaughter of his students. Early poems such as ‘Epitaph for Say Tokyo Kid’, and prose pieces such as ‘Oga Look Properly’, testify to this, as does the work of the mid-1960s, which includes the satirical revue sketch ‘Obstacle Race’ (about the hazards facing drivers in Nigeria), his first novel, The Interpreters (London, 1965), with its memorable description of the death of Sekoni in a motor accident, and above all his play entitled The Road (London, 1965). When these are linked with Soyinka's interest in the god of the road, Ogun, it was not surprising to find a whole section of his first collection of verse described as ‘of the road’.

scholarly journals Translation and Validation of the Indonesian version of SaringSikap Assessment Form

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ghazali Masuri ◽  
Nordiyana Othman ◽  
Gunawan Wicaksono ◽  
Khairil Anuar Md Isa
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Attitude Assessment ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
The Face ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Translation And Validation ◽  
Open Access Article

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the face and content validity of an instrument that had developed to assess the validation of the Indonesian version of the Saringan Skala Sikap Selamat© (SaringSikap) assessment form perceived by Indonesian people. The SaringSikap is also known as Attitude towards Safe Driving Scale © (ASDS). The content validity of the instrument was assessed by I-CVI/UA, yielding scores of .97 and .93, respectively. Findings indicated that this instrument had an excellent face and content validity and could thus be used to validate the Indonesian version of the Attitude towards Safe Driving Scale (ASDS). Keywords: Attitude assessment; translation & validation; road safety eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI:

scholarly journals Road Safety – Is It a Local Government Priority? (What Does the Experience Suggest?)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
David McTiernan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
National Road ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Local Road

As the road authority for the unclassified (i.e. local) roads in their local government area, councils have the legislated responsibility to manage their road infrastructure; this fundamentally includes the safety of road users on their networks. Almost 70% of the 392 fatalities on NSW roads in 2017 occurred on country roads (Transport for NSW, 2018). The contribution of the local road network to road trauma across Australasia is significant with over half (52%) of all fatal and serious injuries recorded on roads that are the sole responsibility of local government (McTiernan et. al., 2016). Governments at all levels - Local, State and Federal – can no longer ignore the contribution of local roads to the national tragedy and trauma occurring each year. Without a concerted effort by all tiers of government to address road safety performance on the vast local road network, Australia will not achieve the 30% reduction target in fatal and serious injuries as set out in the National Road Safety Plan. Unfortunately, the current status for managing safety on local roads sees a myriad of systemic hurdles and failures that ultimately result in local government not making road safety a genuine priority. But what is required to change this situation? Two case studies are presented to assist a discussion about some of the systemic failures that contribute to local councils not taking, or not being able to take, action to make road safety a genuine priority.

scholarly journals Do cognitive tasks during gait increase the risk of accidents with pedestrians? A study based on electromyographic parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Camilla Zamfolini Hallal ◽  
Marcelo Tavella Navega ◽  
José Adolfo Menezes Garcia Silva ◽  
Deborah Hebling Spinoso ◽  
Mary Hellen Morcelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Complex Planning

Abstract Introduction Accidents involving pedestrians are responsible for many cases of serious injuries and deaths. Crossing streets safely requires complex planning and cognitive demand because it is necessary to perform more than one task at a time. Objective The aim of this study was to identify electromyographic changes during gait in young subjects who performed the cognitive tasks concurrently. Methods The study included 17 younger women aged between 18 and 25 years. Data collection was performed on a treadmill. The volunteers were instructed to walk in four different conditions: normal gait (NG), gait with dual easy task (DET), gait with dual hard task (DHT) and gait with dual mixed task (DMT). Results Significant differences were found between the MN condition to the other conditions for all muscles and, during the NG, smaller values of muscle activation were found. Muscle co-contraction between muscles VM / BF showed a significant difference between the conditions of NG and DMT (p = 0.04) and, during the NG, smaller values of co-contraction were observed. Conclusion The data of this study permits to conclude that the competition between motor and cognitive resources significantly affects the levels of muscle activation and co-contraction during gait in young adult women. Thus, we conclude that the performance of dual cognitive tasks while driving can be considered a risk factor for safe driving.

scholarly journals Reducing deaths and injuries in cities around the world through a city multi-sector comprehensive approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ratte
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes

Abstract Road traffic crashes kill over 1.35 million people worldwide and injure up to 50 million people. They are the leading cause of death among the young. City governments, in conjunction with national governmental agencies, are critical to reducing road traffic deaths. Cities are well placed to demonstrate effective implementation of evidence-based interventions and catalyse national action. Proven road safety strategies include: → enforcing road safety laws on speeding, drink driving, motorcycle helmets and seat-belts → designing and building safer roads → managing speed effectively → implementing transportation systems to make urban mobility safer → promoting safe driving and building public support for road safety via communication campaigns → using data from high-quality monitoring and evaluation systems for policy and planning. This presentation will highlight the successes and challenges in some selected cities participating in the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety and share lessons learned in the implementation of a multi sector evidence-based comprehensive approach at city level.

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