Air temperature trends and extremes in Chisinau (Moldova) as evidence of climate change

Abstract. In the frame of a Swiss-Peruvian climate change adaptation initiative (PACC), operational and historical data series of more than 100 stations of the Peruvian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (SENAMHI) are now accessible in a dedicated data portal. The data portal allows for example the comparison of data series or the interpolation of spatial fields as well as download of data in various data formats. It is thus a valuable tool supporting the process of data homogenisation and generation of a regional baseline climatology for a sound development of adequate climate change adaptation measures. The procedure to homogenize air-temperature and precipitation data series near Cusco city is outlined and followed by an exemplary trend analysis. Local air temperature trends are found to be in line with global mean trends.

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ANALISIS KECENDERUNGAN (TREND) SUHU UDARA DAN CURAH HUJAN DI PULAU FLORES (LABUAN BAJO, RUTENG, MAUMERE, DAN LARANTUKA)

Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya ◽

10.35508/fisa.v5i1.1962 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 42-56

Author(s):

Fifi Novita Ambi ◽

Hadi Imam Sutadji ◽

Apolinaris S Geru ◽

Andreas Christian Louk

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Data Processing ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Rainfall Trend ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Regression Methods ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Rainfall Trends ◽

Key Words Climate Change

Abstrak Telah dilakukan penelitian analisis kecenderungan (trend) suhu udara dan curah hujan di Pulau Flores (Labuan Bajo, Ruteng, Maumere dan Larantuka). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil suhu udara dan curah hujan serta mengetahui trend suhu udara dan curah hujan di Pulau Flores untuk daerah Labuan Bajo, Ruteng, Maumere, dan Larantuka. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari BMKG Stasiun Klimatologi Kupang. Pengolahan data dengan menghitung rata-rata untuk mengetahui profil curah hujan dan suhu udara serta menggunakan metode regresi linear untuk menghitung trend suhu udara dan curah hujan. Berdasarkan pengolahan data, profil curah hujan di Pulau Flores untuk daerah Labuan Bajo, Ruteng, Maumere, dan Larantuka adalah Pola hujan Monsun, untuk profil suhu udara di Pulau Flores suhu udara rata-rata tertinggi terjadi pada bulan November sebesar 29,90C dan suhu udara rata-rata terendah terjadi pada bulan Juli sebesar 18,50C. Untuk trend curah hujan di Labuan Bajo mengalami trend penurunan sebesar -0,919 mm, Ruteng mengalami trend peningkatan sebesar 1,2688 mm, Maumere mengalami trend peningkatan sebesar 0,1442 mm, Larantuka mengalami trend peningkatan sebesar 0,2734 mm. Untuk Trend suhu udara di Labuan Bajo mengalami trend peningkatan sebesar 0,03470C, Ruteng mengalami trend peningkatan sebesar 0,0050C, Maumere mengalami trend peningkatan sebesar 0,01440C, dan Larantuka mengalami trend peningkatan sebesar 0,0360C. Kata kunci: Perubahan iklim, trend, suhu udara, curah hujan ANALYSIS OF TREND OF AIR TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL IN THE FLORES ISLAND (LABUAN BAJO, RUTENG, MAUMERE AND LARANTUKA) ABSTRACT Analysis of the trend rainfall and air temperature has been conducted on Flores Island (Labuan Bajo, Ruteng, Maumere and Larantuka). The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of air temperature and rainfall and determine air temperature and rainfall trend on the island of Flores for the areas of Labuan Bajo, Ruteng, Maumere, and Larantuka. Data obtained from BMKG Kupang Climatology Station. Data processing by calculating the average to determine the profile of rainfall and air temperature and using linear regression methods to calculate air temperature and rainfall trends. Based on data processing, rainfall profiles on Flores Island for the areas of Labuan Bajo, Ruteng, Maumere, and Larantuka are Monsoon Rain Patterns, for the temperature profile on Flores Island the highest average air temperatures occur in November at 29.90C and the temperature the lowest average air occurred in July of 18,50C. Rainfall trend in Labuan Bajo experienced a downward trend of -0.919 mm, Ruteng experienced an upward trend of 1.2688 mm, Maumere experienced an upward trend of 0.1442 mm, Larantuka had an upward trend of 0.2734 mm. For air temperature trends in Labuan Bajo experiencing an upward trend of 0.03470C, Ruteng experiencing an upward trend of 0.0050C, Maumere experiencing an upward trend of 0.01440C,and Larantuka experiencing an upward trend of 0.0360C. Key words: climate change, trends, air temperature, rainfall

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Anthropo-generated Climate Change in Europe

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892900031489 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 349-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert C. Balling ◽

Sherwood B. Idso

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Strong Support ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

The United States ◽

The Past ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Wide Range ◽

Northern Hemispheric

In reviewing the results of our analyses of European temperature and precipitation data, we see patterns that are similar to those discovered in our prior studies of the United States and the British Isles: precipitation begins to increase at about the time that Northern Hemispheric SO2 emissions began their rapid ascension, while prior upward trends of surface-air temperature are dramatically truncated.We also find that surface-air temperature trends of different localities over the past three-and-a-half decades are closely tied to the amount of aerosol sulphates in the atmosphere above them. The wide range and thrust of these several observations, along with their theoretical expectation, provides strong support for the premise that anthropo-generated climate change is indeed occurring in Europe, but that it may well be SO2-induced rather than CO2-induced.

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The Relationship Between Sunshine Duration And Air Temperature In Poland In The Face Of Contemporary Climate Change

10.21203/rs.3.rs-616851/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dorota Matuszko ◽

Krzysztof Bartoszek ◽

Jakub Soroka

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Daily Data ◽

The Face ◽

Basic Source ◽

Global Dimming ◽

The Relationship ◽

Contemporary Climate

Abstract The aim of the work is to characterize the trends of sunshine duration (SDU) and air temperature, which may help understand the mechanism of contemporary climate change and explain its causes. The daily totals of SDU and daily data on air temperature from the years 1971–2019, from 25 synoptic stations in Poland are the basic source data. There was a growing trend in both SDU and air temperature. The series of records of the two variables showed that the points of change in the level of stabilization of the value of SDU and air temperature are close to each other, and confirm known in the literature “global dimming” and “global brightening” periods. The linear regression model confirmed that sunshine duration explains well the variability of, and increase in day-time air temperature in Poland in the April-September period. In turn, changes in sunshine duration during winter have no impact on air temperature trends.

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Relationship Between Sunshine Duration and Air Temperature in Poland (1971–2020)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-616851/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dorota Matuszko ◽

Krzysztof Bartoszek ◽

Jakub Soroka

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Daily Data ◽

Source Data ◽

Basic Source ◽

Global Dimming ◽

Contemporary Climate

Abstract The aim of the work is to characterize the trends of sunshine duration (SDU) and air temperature, which may help understand the mechanism of contemporary climate change and explain its causes. The daily totals of SDU and daily data on air temperature from the years 1971–2020, from 25 synoptic stations in Poland are the basic source data. There was a growing trend in both SDU and air temperature. The series of records of the two variables showed that the points of change in the level of stabilization of the value of SDU and air temperature are close to each other, and confirm known in the literature “global dimming” and “global brightening” periods. The linear regression model confirmed that sunshine duration explains well the variability of, and increase in day-time air temperature in Poland in the April-September period. In turn, changes in sunshine duration during winter have no impact on air temperature trends.

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Special Issue on Climate Migration

Journal of Demographic Economics ◽

10.1017/dem.2021.11 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Anda David ◽

Frédéric Docquier

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Economic Research ◽

Special Issue ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Weather Shocks ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

Slow Onset

How do weather shocks influence human mobility and poverty, and how will long-term climate change affect future migration over the course of the 21st century? These questions have gained unprecedented attention in public debates as global warming is already having severe impacts around the world, and prospects for the coming decades get worse. Low-latitude countries in general, and their agricultural areas in particular, have contributed the least to climate change but are the most adversely affected. The effect on people's voluntary and forced displacements is of major concern for both developed and developing countries. On 18 October 2019, Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER) organized a workshop on Climate Migration with the aim of uncovering the mechanisms through which fast-onset variables (such as weather anomalies, storms, hurricanes, torrential rains, floods, landslides, etc.) and slow-onset variables (such as temperature trends, desertification, rising sea level, coastal erosion, etc.) influence both people's incentives to move and mobility constraints. This special issue gathers five papers prepared for this workshop, which shed light on (or predict) the effect of extreme weather shocks and long-term climate change on human mobility, and stress the implications for the development community.

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Surface Water Temperature Predictions at a Mid-Latitude Reservoir under Long-Term Climate Change Impacts Using a Deep Neural Network Coupled with a Transfer Learning Approach

Water ◽

10.3390/w13081109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1109

Author(s):

Nobuaki Kimura ◽

Kei Ishida ◽

Daichi Baba

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Transfer Learning ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Climate Models ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Training Data ◽

Surface Water Temperature

Long-term climate change may strongly affect the aquatic environment in mid-latitude water resources. In particular, it can be demonstrated that temporal variations in surface water temperature in a reservoir have strong responses to air temperature. We adopted deep neural networks (DNNs) to understand the long-term relationships between air temperature and surface water temperature, because DNNs can easily deal with nonlinear data, including uncertainties, that are obtained in complicated climate and aquatic systems. In general, DNNs cannot appropriately predict unexperienced data (i.e., out-of-range training data), such as future water temperature. To improve this limitation, our idea is to introduce a transfer learning (TL) approach. The observed data were used to train a DNN-based model. Continuous data (i.e., air temperature) ranging over 150 years to pre-training to climate change, which were obtained from climate models and include a downscaling model, were used to predict past and future surface water temperatures in the reservoir. The results showed that the DNN-based model with the TL approach was able to approximately predict based on the difference between past and future air temperatures. The model suggested that the occurrences in the highest water temperature increased, and the occurrences in the lowest water temperature decreased in the future predictions.

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Projection of Hydro-Climatic Extreme Events under Climate Change in Yom and Nan River Basins, Thailand

Water ◽

10.3390/w13050665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 665

Author(s):

Chanchai Petpongpan ◽

Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit ◽

Supattra Visessri ◽

Duangrudee Kositgittiwong

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Extreme Events ◽

River Basins ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Extreme Floods ◽

Extreme Flood ◽

Rcp 8.5 ◽

Near Future ◽

Far Future

Due to a continuous increase in global temperature, the climate has been changing without sign of alleviation. An increase in the air temperature has caused changes in the hydrologic cycle, which have been followed by several emergencies of natural extreme events around the world. Thailand is one of the countries that has incurred a huge loss in assets and lives from the extreme flood and drought events, especially in the northern part. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the hydrological regime in the Yom and Nan River basins, affected by climate change as well as the possibility of extreme floods and droughts. The hydrological processes of the study areas were generated via the physically-based hydrological model, namely the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The projected climate conditions were dependent on the outputs of the Global Climate Models (GCMs) as the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5 between 2021 and 2095. Results show that the average air temperature, annual rainfall, and annual runoff will be significantly increased in the intermediate future (2046–2070) onwards, especially under RCP 8.5. According to the Flow Duration Curve and return period of peak discharge, there are fluctuating trends in the occurrence of extreme floods and drought events under RCP 2.6 from the future (2021–2045) to the far future (2071–2095). However, under RCP 8.5, the extreme flood and drought events seem to be more severe. The probability of extreme flood remains constant from the reference period to the near future, then rises dramatically in the intermediate and the far future. The intensity of extreme droughts will be increased in the near future and decreased in the intermediate future due to high annual rainfall, then tending to have an upward trend in the far future.

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Heatwaves and Summer Urban Heat Islands: A Daily Cycle Approach to Unveil the Urban Thermal Signal Changes in Lisbon, Portugal

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12030292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 292 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Oliveira ◽

António Lopes ◽

Ezequiel Correia ◽

Samuel Niza ◽

Amílcar Soares

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Wind Direction ◽

Urban Heat Islands ◽

Daily Cycle ◽

Local Climate ◽

Thermal Signal ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Local Climate Change ◽

Urban Heat

Lisbon is a European Mediterranean city, greatly exposed to heatwaves (HW), according to recent trends and climate change prospects. Considering the Atlantic influence, air temperature observations from Lisbon’s mesoscale network are used to investigate the interactions between background weather and the urban thermal signal (UTS) in summer. Days are classified according to the prevailing regional wind direction, and hourly UTS is compared between HW and non-HW conditions. Northern-wind days predominate, revealing greater maximum air temperatures (up to 40 °C) and greater thermal amplitudes (approximately 10 °C), and account for 37 out of 49 HW days; southern-wind days have milder temperatures, and no HWs occur. Results show that the wind direction groups are significantly different. While southern-wind days have minor UTS variations, northern-wind days have a consistent UTS daily cycle: a diurnal urban cooling island (UCI) (often lower than –1.0 °C), a late afternoon peak urban heat island (UHI) (occasionally surpassing 4.0 °C), and a stable nocturnal UHI (1.5 °C median intensity). UHI/UCI intensities are not significantly different between HW and non-HW conditions, although the synoptic influence is noted. Results indicate that, in Lisbon, the UHI intensity does not increase during HW events, although it is significantly affected by wind. As such, local climate change adaptation strategies must be based on scenarios that account for the synergies between potential changes in regional air temperature and wind.

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