Feeding patterns of transforming and juvenile myctophids that migrate into neustonic layers

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Contreras ◽  
MP Olivar ◽  
JI González-Gordillo ◽  
PA Hulley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Mesopelagic Zone ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Epipelagic Zone ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
The Relationship

Adult and juvenile myctophids feed at night in the epipelagic zone (<200 m) and are more dispersed in the mesopelagic zone (200-1000 m) during the daylight hours. In contrast, larvae inhabit the upper 200 m throughout a 24 h period and have daylight feeding patterns. Transforming stages occur both at the surface and in the mesopelagic zone and show less-defined feeding patterns. In this study, we analysed the trophic ecology of transforming and juvenile stages of 4 myctophids that occupy the neustonic layers (first 0-20 cm of the water column) during their nightly vertical migrations: Dasyscopelus asper, Gonichthys cocco, Myctophum affine, and M. nitidulum. Day and night neuston samples were collected across the equatorial and tropical Atlantic in April 2015. Transforming and juvenile stages occurred at night in the neuston, where they fed, but were absent from this layer during the day. The highest prey ingestion was observed between 01:00 and 04:00 h (UTC). Feeding incidence and the number of prey ingested increased from transformation stages to juvenile stages. Although the maximum prey size increased with fish body length, there was no significant increasing trend in mean prey sizes, but a great variability in the sizes of consumed prey. Diets of the 4 species mainly comprised a variety of copepod genera, usually dominated by Oncaea species. There was no evidence of resource partitioning among the 4 myctophid species. Estimates of daily feeding rations, based on the relationship between carbon content per gut and carbon content of fish body, throughout the night feeding period, showed that these species in these early stages ingested between 0.43 and 5.78% of their body carbon weight daily. We suggest that the occurrence and feeding of these early stages in the neuston may contribute to reducing trophic competition between migrating myctophids by space segregation.

scholarly journals Vertical movements of a pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus): insights into the species’ physiological limitations and trophic ecology in the Red Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
MC Arostegui ◽  
P Gaube ◽  
ML Berumen ◽  
A DiGiulian ◽  
BH Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Acoustic Backscattering ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Mesopelagic Zone ◽  
First Results ◽  
Epipelagic Zone ◽  
Thresher Shark

The pelagic thresher shark Alopias pelagicus is an understudied elasmobranch harvested in commercial fisheries of the tropical Indo-Pacific. The species is endangered, overexploited throughout much of its range, and has a decreasing population trend. Relatively little is known about its movement ecology, precluding an informed recovery strategy. Here, we report the first results from an individual pelagic thresher shark outfitted with a pop-up satellite archival transmitting (PSAT) tag to assess its movement with respect to the species’ physiology and trophic ecology. A 19 d deployment in the Red Sea revealed that the shark conducted normal diel vertical migration, spending the majority of the day at 200-300 m in the mesopelagic zone and the majority of the night at 50-150 m in the epipelagic zone, with the extent of these movements seemingly not constrained by temperature. In contrast, the depth distribution of the shark relative to the vertical distribution of oxygen suggested that it was avoiding hypoxic conditions below 300 m even though that is where the daytime peak of acoustic backscattering occurs in the Red Sea. Telemetry data also indicated crepuscular and daytime overlap of the shark’s vertical habitat use with distinct scattering layers of small mesopelagic fishes and nighttime overlap with nearly all mesopelagic organisms in the Red Sea as these similarly undergo nightly ascents into epipelagic waters. We identify potential depths and diel periods in which pelagic thresher sharks may be most susceptible to fishery interactions, but more expansive research efforts are needed to inform effective management.

“I’ve got you under my skin”: borderline states in couple relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Perrine Moran
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Couple Relationships ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Popular Songs ◽  
The Relationship

Many couples who come for therapy are struggling with separating from unconscious phantasies and beliefs that enmesh each partner with the other, resulting in states that popular songs powerfully epitomise. While this borderline experience is common and functional in the early stages of being in love its persistence paralyses the development of the relationship. Facing separation from and loss of illusion is a challenge couple therapists are often asked to help with. The argument is illustrated by a case, and by references to some of Cole Porter’s best known songs.

Risks of Using Statistical Analysis Tools in Project Management Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to examine the risks of using statistical tools in a project basis. A systematic search of certain academic databases has been conducted for this study. Statistical tools could be used in a project, and they should be properly planned and designed. Statistical tools include major activities, such as collecting and analyzing data, providing meaningful interpretation, and reporting findings. When dealing with statistical tools, there are several risks that may exist and impact the project either positively or negatively. This study covers a brief outline of the risk management, statistical tools, and the relationship between the two concepts. Finally, a discussion of the common type of risks that are initiated by using statistical analysis tools are provided, which could be planned, identified, and analyzed in the early stages of the project.

The Beginnings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Pierotti ◽  
Brandy R. Fogg
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between humans and wolves. The relationship began as coevolutionary, with the species cooperating at times but also capable of functioning independently. This state of affairs dominated early stages of the relationship between the two species and may have persisted for 20,000 years or longer. In other parts of the world, for example, southern Asia, humans began to shape wolves into clearly domestic forms: animals phenotypically distinct from wolves, especially in body size. This latter process involves various aspects of the wolf gene pool being essentially divided, with many individuals staying true wolves while others changed in form, becoming what people now describe as “dogs” without losing their genetic links to their wolf ancestry or their ability to interbreed with wolves.

scholarly journals Strategi Relasi antara Franchisor dan Franchisee pada Usaha Waralaba Chifry

REPRESENTAMEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Teguh ◽  
Jeremy Santoso ◽  
Sasha Kurnia Njotoharsojo
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Customer Relations ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Mutual Exchange ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Relationship

Franchise is a business license from the franchisor to the franchisee. The franchise business industry continues to show an increasing trend every year. One of the food franchise businesses that has successfully developed and has outlets in various cities in Indonesia is ChiFry. ChiFry has been established since 2015 and now has 27 outlets throughout Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship strategy of the franchisor with the franchisee in the ChiFry food business, where ChiFry within 4 years succeeded in opening 25 franchise branches. The research is based on customer relations theory because the franchisee is a customer of the franchisor. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the case study method. The results of this study indicate that all elements of the relationship strategy at ChiFry such as commitment, communication, trust, respect, mutual understanding, confidentiality, and mutual exchange work well, thus encouraging customer satisfaction. This research also shows that when the franchisor meets aspects of customer satisfaction such as quality perception, perceived value, and handling complaints, it will create loyalty from the franchisee. Loyalty is manifested in the form of not breaking the contract of cooperation with the franchisor.Keywords : Customer Relations, Franchise, Relationship Strategy, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty

scholarly journals PEMETAAN ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN SAWAH KE NON SAWAH DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PRODUKSI GABAH DI KECAMATAN KEBAKKRAMAT, KARANGANYAR

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mujiyo Mujiyo
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

<span>The research has aims to know ; (1) the velocity of function displace of the rice field to the non rice field during year period 2000, 2004 and 2008, (2) change grain product during year period 2000, 2004 and 2008, and (3) the relationship between the velocity of function displace of the rice field to the non rice field and the grain production during year period 2000, 2004 and 2008. Function displace of the rice field in the Kebabakkramat District known by determining the wide of each land use type in the appointed year, and then comparing it with data in the next year. The first mapping was based on the Map of Rupa Bumi Bakosurtanal which made in 2000. The second mapping was based on the image QUICK BIRD 2004 which published in the internet media Google Earth. And the third mapping determined by field survey in the 2008. Result of the research shows that ; (1) rice field in the Kebakkramat District along period 2000 until 2008 had function displace, 2.571,89 ha (2000) decreased to become 2.153,33 ha (2004), and decreased again to become 2.128,11 ha (2008), (2) grain production in the Kebakkramat District along period 2000 until 2007 shows increasing trend, 39.880 ton (2000) increased to become 40.631 ton (2003), but decreased to become 35.354 ton (2004), and increased again to become 43.062 ton (2007), (3) although wide of the rice field decreased, but the grain production increased, because increasing its land productivity caused by continuity of the rice field intensification program.</span>

The relationship between infection and inflammation in the early stages of lung disease from cystic fibrosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balough ◽  
M. McCubbin ◽  
M. Weinberger ◽  
W. Smits ◽  
R. Ahrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

Design Quality and Reliability Through Technology Readiness

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Product Launch ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Product Delivery ◽  
Quality And Reliability ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between the growth of reliability in the early stages of a product delivery process and Technology Readiness, and describes the importance of ‘ready’ technologies if product launch schedules are to be achieved. Technology Readiness itself is defined and the enablers for it are identified. A process which has been developed is described, and some proposals for tracking and managing progress are made. Finally, the importance of critical design parameters both in the development of technologies and in understanding technology capabilities are described fully.

scholarly journals Diet of tadpoles for five anuran species of northeast Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Airan dos Santos Protázio ◽  
Arielson dos Santos Protázio ◽  
Vivian Gama ◽  
Samantha Vieira Silva ◽  
Carla Giovanna Cruz dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Forest Biome

In this study, the diet of tadpoles of five anuran species was described. The species were collected from either lotic or lentic environments in Caatinga and the Atlantic Forest biome of northeast Brazil. The diet of these tadpoles consisted of algae, protozoa, plants, fungi and animals. Diatoms were the most important items within the diet of Leptodactylus natalensis. Trachelomonas, diatoms, Phacus and Scenedesmus were the most important items comprising the diet of Leptodactylus cf. macrosternum. Trachelomonas, Oscillatoria and Scenedesmus were the most important items comprising the diet of Pithecophus nordestinus. Diatoms and Scenodesmus were the most important items of the diet for Rhinella jimi. For Scinax x-signatus, diatoms (Atlantic Forest population), Oscillatoria, undetermined filament and pollen (Caatinga population) were the most important items consumed. Scinax x-signatus and L. natalensis from Atlantic Forest, and L. cf. macrosternum and P. nordestinus from Caatinga had diets that were the most similar. The diversity of items found in the diets of species considered may be attributed to mechanisms used by tadpoles to obtain food, which favour the acquisition of suspended materials that are highly available in the environment. We discuss the possible effects of the relationship between algae and tadpoles and the importance of recording larvae diets to better understand the dynamics of the aquatic environment and the trophic ecology of tadpoles.

scholarly journals Synaesthetic colour associations for Japanese Kanji characters: from the perspective of grapheme learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1787) ◽  
pp. 20180349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Asano ◽  
So-ichiro Takahashi ◽  
Takuya Tsushiro ◽  
Kazuhiko Yokosawa
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Stages Of Learning ◽  
The Relationship

One of the fundamental questions about grapheme–colour synaesthesia is how specific associations between the graphemes and colours are formed. We addressed this question by focusing on the determinants of synaesthetic colours for Japanese Kanji characters (logographic characters) using a psycholinguistic approach. Study 1 explored the influence meaning has on synaesthetic colours for Kanji characters representing abstract meanings by examining synaesthetic colours for antonym pairs (i.e. characters with meanings opposed to each other) in Japanese synaesthetes. Results showed that semantic relations influenced the grapheme–colour associations for characters representing abstract meanings in the early stages of learning abstract Kanji, while the influence was reduced in the grapheme–colour associations for those learned later. Study 2 examined the effect that learning new sounds or meanings of graphemes has on synaesthetic colours for those graphemes. Japanese synaesthetes were taught new sounds or new meanings for familiar Kanji characters. Results indicated that acquiring new information for graphemes slightly but significantly reduced the test–retest grapheme–colour association consistency, suggesting that synaesthetic colours can be modulated to reflect the synaesthete's latest knowledge about graphemes. Implications of these findings are discussed from the perspective of the relationship between synaesthesia and grapheme learning. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Bridging senses: novel insights from synaesthesia’.

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