Taxonomic composition of mobile epifaunal invertebrate assemblages on diverse benthic microhabitats from temperate to tropical reefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 640 ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Fraser ◽  
RD Stuart-Smith ◽  
SD Ling ◽  
FJ Heather ◽  
GJ Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Tropical Reefs ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Epifaunal Community ◽  
Reef Degradation ◽  
Epifaunal Assemblages

Anthropogenic drivers are flattening reef structure from 3-dimensional habitats composed of macroalgae and live branching corals towards low-profile turfing algae. Our current understanding of the consequences of widespread reef degradation currently fails to consider the responses of small mobile invertebrates (‘epifauna’) to patterns of change amongst reef structural elements (‘microhabitats’). Here, the taxonomic composition of 152 epifaunal assemblages was compared among 21 structurally diverse benthic microhabitats across an Australian temperate to tropical climatic gradient, spanning 28.6 degrees in latitude from Tasmania to the northern Great Barrier Reef. Epifauna varied consistently with different microhabitat types, and to a much lesser extent with latitude. Macroalgae, live branching coral and turfing algae represented 3 extremes for epifaunal community structure, with most microhabitats possessing epifaunal assemblages intermediate between these endpoints. Amongst structural characteristics, epifauna related primarily to the degree of branching and hardness of microhabitats. Mobile invertebrate communities are likely to transform in predictable ways with the collapse of large erect macroalgae and live coral towards low-lying turf-associated communities.

Abstract TP436: Dysfunctional Cerebral Neovascularization And Remodeling Patterns In Obese And Lean Models Of Type 2 Diabetes

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshini Prakash ◽  
Maribeth Johnson ◽  
Susan C Fagan ◽  
Adviye Ergul
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Gk Rats ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Branch Density

We previously reported intense pial cerebral collateralization and arteriogenesis in a mild and lean model of type 2 diabetes, Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Further 3-dimensional fluroscein (FITC) imaging studies revealed regional differences in increased cerebral neovascularization which was associated with poor vessel wall maturity. Building upon these findings, the goals of this study were a) to compare and contrast this pathological neovascularization pattern in db/db mice and GK models of diabetes, and b) determine the effect of glycemic control on erratic cerebral neovascularization. Total vascular volume, density and surface area as well as structural parameters including microvessel/macrovessel ratio, non-FITC perfusing vessel abundance, penetrating arteriole (PA) branching density and diameter, and tortuosity were measured by 3 dimensional reconstruction of FITC stained vasculature using Z-stacked images obtained with confocal microscopy. Lean GK rats exhibited an increase in both micro and macrovessel density, non-perfusing vessel abundance, branch density, diameter and tortuosity. Glycemic control with metformin prevented these changes. Obese db/db mice, on the other hand, showed an increase in only microvascular density but this was not associated with an increase in non-FITC perfusing vessels. PA branch density was higher than controls but branch diameter was reduced. Diabetes also promoted astrogliosis. These results suggests that type 2 diabetes leads to cerebral neovascularization and remodeling but structural characteristics of newly formed vessels differ between lean and obese models that have mild or severe hyperglycemia, respectively. The prevention of dysfunctional cerebral neovascularization by early glucose control suggests that hyperglycemia is a mediator of this response. N=4-8 * p≤ 0.05, ** p≤ 0.005 *** 0.0005

Post-gadolinium 3-dimensional spatial, surface, and structural characteristics of glioblastomas differentiate pseudoprogression from true tumor progression

2018 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison R. Hansen ◽  
Edward Pan ◽  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Morgan McCreary ◽  
Yeqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
3 Dimensional

NEW INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS IN THE TERNARY SYSTEM Yb-T-Al (T=Ag, Au, Pd, Pt)

1993 ◽  
Vol 07 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. CORDIER ◽  
R. HENSELEIT
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
New Compounds

Structural characteristics of a number of ternary rare earth/transition metal/aluminium compounds are hexagonal nets of the AlB 2-type, Kagomé nets and tetragonal pyramides. Crystal structures of the new compounds in the ternary Yb-T-Al systems contain units and sections of them. Kagomé nets stacked in an ..ABAB.. sequence are observed in YbAg1.5Al0.5 ( MgZn 2-type). The crystal structure of Yb8Ag21Al45 is related to the BaHg 11-type. YbAu0.8Al3.2 ( CaZn 2 Al 2-type) contains tetragonal pyramides which are connected by common edges. Fragments of the AlB 2- and BaAl 4-type structure are present in Yb5Au15Al16. YbPdAl2 and YbPtAl2 ( YbPdAl 2-type) contain pentagonal prisms as the characteristic structural elements.

Papain-like peptidases: structure, function, and evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Novinec ◽  
Brigita Lenarčič
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Processing Enzymes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cysteine Cathepsins ◽  
Pathological Conditions

AbstractPapain-like cysteine peptidases are a diverse family of peptidases found in most known organisms. In eukaryotes, they are divided into multiple evolutionary groups, which can be clearly distinguished on the basis of the structural characteristics of the proenzymes. Most of them are endopeptidases; some, however, evolved into exopeptidases by obtaining additional structural elements that restrict the binding of substrate into the active site. In humans, papain-like peptidases, also called cysteine cathepsins, act both as non-specific hydrolases and as specific processing enzymes. They are involved in numerous physiological processes, such as antigen presentation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and hormone processing. Their activity is tightly regulated and dysregulation of one or more cysteine cathepsins can result in severe pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Other organisms can utilize papain-like peptidases for different purposes and they are often part of host-pathogen interactions. Numerous parasites, such as Plasmodium and flukes, utilize papain-like peptidases for host invasion, whereas plants, in contrast, use these enzymes for host defense. This review presents a state-of-the-art description of the structure and phylogeny of papain-like peptidases as well as an overview of their physiological and pathological functions in humans and in other organisms.

scholarly journals Petrographic and structural analysis of exposed rocks of Musawa Sheet 56, Northwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Kitha Mbitsa ◽  
Musa Ado Idris
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Exploration ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Linear Foliation

This work is among the few studies conducted in Musawa sheet 56 NE, which is part of the basement complex rocks of TudunWulli - Kankia area. The study area lies between Latitude 12º 19ʹ 00ʹʹ to 12º 23ʹ 00ʹʹN and longitude 7º 42ʹ 00ʹʹ to 7º 46ʹ 00ʹʹN. Due to the continuous play of geologic processes on the earth, there is the need to continuously update the geology of the Nigeria basement complex as this has a very important economic implication especially in areas like mineral and groundwater exploration. Equally, less attention has been given to this sheet unlike other sheets within the zone. The study done in this area has revealed the various rock types and their geological characteristics: field relation, macroscopic and microscopic features as well as structural elements. Results from the study shows that the area consists of granite, migmatite- gneiss and quartzite which all display a variety of colors, textures and mineralogy. Careful analysis of the distinctive mineralogy, textures, optical and structural characteristics led to the nomenclature of the rocks. The migmatite-gneiss display two petrographic varieties base on their foliation: one with linear foliation of alternating light and dark color minerals, and the other with wave like foliation. While granite is generally fine to medium grained in texture. The dominant structural trend of joints and faults in the study area are NNE-SSW and NW-SE. All these trends are consistent with the general trends of the Nigeria basement rocks. A study of thin sections of the rocks under a petrological microscope reveals optical properties peculiar to each rock type. The type and nature of structural elements associated with the rocks together with their geometry reveal that the rocks have undergone more than one deformational event. The occurrence of numerous brittle and ductile structures shows that the area has a great potential for groundwater and mineralization. But the area still experience shortage of water for domestic purposes.Keywords: basement complex, brittle structures, foliation, petrographic varieties, thin sections

scholarly journals Constructing A Value-Based Service Devleopment Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Chun-Chu
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
A Value ◽  
Innovation Platform ◽  
Development Structure

The purpose of this study is to look at how services that can create customer value can be developed in order to increase the firm's competitive advantage.  In this study, we refer to services that can create customer value as value-based services.  By beginning with a discussion of issues related to the structural characteristics of this research, and by adopting the Delphi expert survey technique, this study establishes a consensus regarding the measurement structure of value-based services.  It then examines the development structure of value-based services and their structural elements, and defines each structure and element, in order to arrive at a consensus and formulate a value-based development model that can serve as reference for service industries development value-based services or engaging in service improvements.  From the results of this study, two major structures of value-based services are derived:  a customer platform and an innovation platform, each of which includes a number of key elements.  The structure and key elements of these value-based services are then summarized and a value-based service development model proposed.  Through such a value-based service system that is characterized by customer orientation and an innovation platform, value-based services can be transferred and customer value created, and through the use of this kind of model, the profitability of enterprises can be enhanced.

scholarly journals Zmiinyi Island Coastal Zone Macrozoobenthos State in 2016-2017

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Soft Substrate ◽  
Rocky Substrate ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
Data Book

Purpose. To study the state of macrozoobenthos in the Zmiinyi Island coastal zone in 2016-2017. Methods. Standard methods of macrozoobenthos sampling, determination, number and biomass estimation. Results. Results of analysis of biodiversity, structural characteristics and taxonomic composition of macrozoobenthos in the Zmiinyi Island coastal zone have been presented. Seasonal dynamics of its number and biomass has been studied. Assessment of marine environment quality has been performed based on the metrics of macrozoobenthos. Conclusions. Altogether, 132 taxa of benthic invertebrates belonging to 10 biggest taxonomic groups of macrozoobenthos have been identified in the Zmiinyi Island coastal zone in 2016-2017. Analysis of taxonomic composition identified 1 species of Porifera (0.8%), 7 taxa of Cnidaria (5.3%), 3 taxa of Platyhelminthes (2.3%), 1 taxon of Nemertea (0.8%), 3 taxa of Bryzoa (2.3%), 52 taxa of Annelida (39.4%), 25 taxa of Mollusca (18.9%), 35 taxa of Arthropoda (265%), 2 taxa of Echinodermata (1.4%) and 3 taxa of Chordata (2.3%). Out of 132 macrozoobenthos taxa 6 are enlisted in the Red Data Book of Ukraine and 8 – in the Black Sea Red Data Book. Macrozoobenthos number varied from 0.317х104 (27.11.2016) to 16.943х104 (19.08.2016) ind/m2 on soft substrate and from 2.683х104 (17.05.2016) to 30.725х104 (19.08.2016) ind/m2 on rocky substrate; biomass varied from 0.017 (17.05.2017) to 34.857 (19.08.2016) kg/m2 on soft substrate and from 1.531 (27.11.2016) to 46.147 (19.08.2016) kg/m2 on rocky substrate. Maximal development of benthos was registered in summer period. Quality of marine environment on the AMBI and M-AMBI indices was assessed as Good in 21 cases out of 23 and as Moderate in 2 cases 2 out of 23. Mean values of AMBI and M-AMBI indices for different seasons made respectively: May, 2016 – 2.56 and 0.59; August, 2016 – 1.86 and 0.69; November, 2016 – 1.70 and 0.71; June, 2017 – 1.87 and 0.75.

scholarly journals Research on Questions Related to an Assessment About Level of Development of Technological Support of Projects to Create High-Tech Production in the Aviation Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
The Russian Federation

In this article there are the structural elements of strategic effectiveness of projects. The author reflects the features of technological support of projects to create high-tech products in the aviation industry of the Russian Federation. The article describes an algorithm for assessing the level of technological support for projects to create high-tech products in the aviation industry, considering the factor of their territorial production and installation. There are also levels of development of the structural characteristics of the strategic efficiency of the project and the levels of analysis of the structural elements of the aircraft here.

scholarly journals Major structural elements and petrophysical properties of the Miocene section, “xyz field”, western shallow offshore depobelt, Niger delta

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Ajibade M.A ◽  
Ajibade Adekola ◽  
M. T. Olowokere
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Charge System ◽  
Fault Block ◽  
Maximum Water

R1, R2, R3, and F. reservoir units were identified in the XYZ field. The reservoirs are within the Oil proven fault block and F reservoir is located on the footwall structure of the second synthetic fault with similar structural characteristics. The faulting in the XYZ field resulted in a downward movement of the XYZ Discovery relative to the XYZ prospects. The structural development process of the field was a syn-sedimentary. This explains why the XYZ-1 penetration in the footwall of the synthetic found oil-in F sand. However, petrophysical results show that the reservoirs of interests have good petrophysical properties with minimum porosity of 0.1 and maximum water saturation of 0.7. The discoveries by the XYZ-1 well prove the existence of a working hydrocarbon source and charge system. However the distribution pattern of the discovered hydrocarbons is not yet understood.  

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