scholarly journals [3H]SCH 23390 binding in various brain regions of C57BL/6J mice with repeated experience of victory or social defeat in agonistic interactions

2010 ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
D F Avgustinovich ◽  
O V Alekseyenko
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Sch 23390 ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Kd Values ◽  
Intermale Confrontations ◽  
The Brain

The binding of [3H]SCH 23390 has been studied in various brain regions of male mice with the experience of repeated victory (winners) or defeat (losers) gained over 10 (T10) and 20 (T20) days of daily agonistic confrontations. In the frontal cortex, Bmax of [3H]SCH 23390 binding sites was found to be increased in T10 losers and decreased in T20 losers when compared to the control mice. In the striatum, T10 and T20 winners had reduced values of [3H]SCH 23390 binding sites than the ones in the control mice. The Kd was increased in the frontal cortex of T10 losers and T10 winners as well as in the amygdala of T20 losers. Reduced Kd values were found in the striatum of all experimental groups as well as in the amygdala of T20 winners. Thus, both specific changes relating to social behavior patterns and non-specific ones in [3H]SCH 23390 binding were found in the brain regions of mice after 10 and 20 days of intermale confrontations.

scholarly journals Aberrant expression of collagen family genes in the brain regions developing under agonistic interactions in male mice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Smagin ◽  
A.G. Galyamina ◽  
I.L. Kovalenko ◽  
V.N. Babenko ◽  
N.N. Kudryavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Collagen Genes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Molecular Base

SummaryAs previously established, chronic agonistic interactions lead to the development of depression-like state under social defeat stress in the defeated mice and pathology of aggressive behavior in the winning mice. According to the numerous research data, these psychopathological states are accompanied by tremendous molecular and cellular changes in the brain. The paper aimed to study the influence of 20-day period of agonistic interactions on the expression mode of collagen family genes, encoding the proteins, which are basic components of extracellular matrix (ECM), in the different brain regions of mice using the RNA-Seq database. Most of the differentially expressed collagen genes were upregulated in the hypothalamus and striatum of chronically aggressive and defeated mice and in the hippocampus of the defeated mice. In the ventral tegmental area the most genes were downregulated in both experimental groups. It has been assumed that aberrant expression of collagen genes induced by long experience of agonistic interactions can indicate defects of ECM specific for brain regions in mice with alternative social experiences. This study first shows remodeling of molecular base in the ECM under development of experimental psychoneuropathologies.Corresponding authors: Kudryavtseva N.N., [email protected]; Babenko V.N., [email protected]

Neural Mechanisms of Negative Symptoms

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (S7) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Psychic Mechanisms

When Kraepelin originally defined and described dementia praecox, he assumed that it was due to some type of neural mechanism. He hypothesised that abnormalities could occur in a variety of brain regions, including the prefrontal, auditory, and language regions of the cortex. Many members of his department, including Alzheimer and Nissl, were actively involved in the search for the neuropathological lesions that would characterise schizophrenia. Although Kraepelin did not use the term ‘negative symptoms', he describes them comprehensively and states explicitly that he believes the symptoms of schizophrenia can be explained in terms of brain dysfunction:“If it should be confirmed that the disease attacks by preference the frontal areas of the brain, the central convolutions and central lobes, this distribution would in a certain measure agree with our present views about the site of the psychic mechanisms which are principally injured by the disease. On various grounds, it is easy to believe that the frontal cortex, which is specially well developed in man, stands in closer relation to his higher intellectual abilities, and these are the faculties which in our patients invariably suffer profound loss in contrast to memory and acquired ability.” Kraepelin (1919, p. 219)

Levels of specifically bound [3H]ketanserin compared with levels of serotonin (5HT) in the brain regions of juvenile and sexually recrudescing female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti M Agrawal ◽  
Robert J Omeljaniuk
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Olfactory Lobe ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Brain

This study compared the distribution of specifically bound [3H]ketanserin (Bsp) with serotonin (5HT) in brain regions of juvenile and sexually recrudescing female trout. Amounts of Bsp varied widely among brain regions and consistently differed between juvenile and sexually recrudescing females. Levels of Bsp were significantly greater in the hypothalamus than the olfactory lobe, which were at least threefold greater than in all other tissues examined (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Bsp densities in the hypothalamus, preoptic area, and optic lobe were significantly greater in juveniles compared with corresponding tissues from sexually recrudescing females (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05); in contrast, Bsp in olfactory lobe and spinal cord did not differ significantly between the two classes of fish. 5HT concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography - electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) analysis. Biogenic amine standards eluted in a stereotypic pattern, with peaks consistently separable in time. 5HT concentration was significantly greater in hypothalamus than in olfactory lobe and undetectable in the pituitary (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Trends in distribution of Bsp and 5HT were comparable in the hypothalamus and preoptic area in juvenile and sexually recrudescing females. In general, density of specific [3H]ketanserin binding sites was directly related to 5HT content of brain regions in juvenile and sexually recrudescing females. 5HT concentrations (pmol/g tissue) were approximately 900-fold greater than Bsp (fmol/g tissue) in all brain regions, and approximately 300-fold greater than Bsp in the olfactory lobe. These results suggest important regulatory role(s) for 5HT in the trout preoptic-hypothalamo-hypophysial axis, which may differ from 5HT role(s) in trout olfactory lobe.Key words: high performance liquid chromatography - electrochemical detection, [3H]ketanserin, sexually recrudescing female trout.

scholarly journals Abnormal social behaviors and dysfunction of autism-related genes associated with daily agonistic interactions in mice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia N. Kudryavtseva ◽  
Irina L. Kovalenko ◽  
Dmitry A. Smagin ◽  
Anna G. Galyamina ◽  
Vladimir N. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Brain

AbstractBackgroundThe ability of people to communicate with each other is a necessary component of social behavior and the normal development of individuals who live in a community. An apparent decline in sociability may be the result of a negative social environment or the development of affective and neurological disorders, including autistic spectrum disorders. The behavior of these humans may be characterized by the deterioration of socialization, low communication, and repetitive and restricted behaviors. This study aimed to analyze changes in the social behaviors of male mice induced by daily agonistic interactions and investigate the involvement of genes, related with autistic spectrum disorders in the process of the impairment of social behaviors.MethodsAbnormal social behavior is induced by repeated experiences of aggression accompanied by wins (winners) or chronic social defeats (losers) in daily agonistic interactions in male mice. The collected brain regions (the midbrain raphe nuclei, ventral tegmental area, striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) were sequenced at JSC Genoanalytica (http://genoanalytica.ru/, Moscow, Russia). The Cufflinks program was used to estimate the gene expression levels. Bioinformatic methods were used for the analysis of differentially expressed genes in male mice.ResultsThe losers exhibited an avoidance of social contacts toward unfamiliar conspecific, immobility and low communication on neutral territory. The winners demonstrated aggression and hyperactivity in this condition. The exploratory activity (rearing) and approaching behavior time towards the partner were decreased, and the number of episodes of repetitive self-grooming behavior was increased in both social groups. These symptoms were similar to the symptoms observed in animal models of autistic spectrum disorders. In an analysis of the RNA-Seq database of the whole transcriptome in the brain regions of the winners and losers, we identified changes in the expression of the following genes, which are associated with autism in humans: Tph2, Maoa, Slc6a4, Htr7,Gabrb3, Nrxn1, Nrxn2, Nlgn1, Nlgn2, Nlgn3, Shank2, Shank3, Fmr1, Ube3a, Pten, Cntn3, Foxp2, Oxtr, Reln, Cadps2, Pcdh10, Ctnnd2, En2, Arx, Auts2, Mecp2, and Ptchd1.Common and specific changes in the expression of these genes in different brain regions were identified in the winners and losers.ConclusionsThis research demonstrates for the first time that abnormalities in social behaviors that develop under a negative social environment in adults may be associated with alterations in expression of genes, related with autism in the brain.

scholarly journals A Connectivity-based Psychometric Prediction Framework for Brain-behavior Relationship Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxiao Wu ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Felix Hoffstaedter ◽  
Kaustubh R. Patil ◽  
Holger Schwender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Region ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
Prediction Approach ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe recent availability of population-based studies with neuroimaging and behavioral measurements opens promising perspectives to investigate the relationships between interindividual variability in brain regions’ connectivity and behavioral phenotypes. However, the multivariate nature of connectivity-based prediction model severely limits the insight into brain-behavior patterns for neuroscience. To address this issue, we propose a connectivity-based psychometric prediction framework based on individual regions’ connectivity profiles. We first illustrate two main applications: 1) single brain region’s predictive power for a range of psychometric variables 2) single psychometric variable’s predictive power variation across brain region. We compare the patterns of brain-behavior provided by these approaches to the brain-behavior relationships from activation approaches. Then, capitalizing on the increased transparency of our approach, we demonstrate how the influence of various data processing and analyses can directly influence the patterns of brain-behavior relationships. Such region-based prediction approach can hence contribute to neurobiological validity in the study of brain-behavior relationships.

Cholecystokinin receptors in the brain: characterization and distribution

Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 208 (4448) ◽  
pp. 1155-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Saito ◽  
H Sankaran ◽  
ID Goldfine ◽  
JA Williams
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Dissociation Constant ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Cholecystokinin Receptors ◽  
Iodine 125 ◽  
The Brain

Specific cholecystokinin binding sites in particulate fractions of rat brain were measured with iodine 125-labeled Bolton-Hunter cholecystokinin, a cholecystokinin analog that has full biological activity. Binding was detected in brain regions known to contain immunoreactive cholecystokinin. Binding was saturable, reversible, of high affinity (dissociation constant, 1.7 x 10(-9) M), and was inhibited by cholecystokinin analogs but not by unrelated hormones.

Regional differences in dendritic spine density confer resilience to chronic social defeat stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youge Qu ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
Qian Ren ◽  
Min Ma ◽  
Chao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Spine ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spine Density ◽  
Dendritic Spine Density ◽  
Chronic Social Defeat Stress ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Susceptible Group

ObjectiveAlthough alterations in the dendritic spine density in the brain regions may play a role in the stress-induced depression-like phenotype, the precise mechanisms are unknown. The aim was to investigate the role of spine density in the brain regions after chronic social defeat stress (CSDS).MethodsWe examined dendritic spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of susceptible and resilient mice after CSDS.ResultsSpine density in the prelimbic area of mPFC, CA3, and DG in the susceptible group, but not resilient group, was significantly lower than control group. In contrast, spine density in the NAc and VTA in the susceptible group, but not resilient group, was significantly higher than control group.ConclusionsThe results suggest that regional differences in spine density may contribute to resilience versus susceptibility in mice subjected to CSDS.

scholarly journals Blood—Brain Barrier and Peptides

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ermisch ◽  
H.-J. Rühle ◽  
R. Landgraf ◽  
J. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Circumventricular Organs ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Luminal Membrane ◽  
The Brain

The brain is both the source and the recipient of peptide signals. The question is: Do endogenous, blood-borne peptide molecules influence brain function? Brain regions with the tight capillaries of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) extract low but measurable amounts of labeled peptide molecules from an intracarotid bolus injection. In the rat, the extraction fractions of β-casomorphin-5, DesGlyNH2-arginine-vasopressin, arginine-vasopressin, lysine-vasopressin, oxytocin, gonadoliberin, substance P, and β-endorphin, studied in this laboratory, range from 0.5% (substance P) to 2.4% (arginine-vasopressin). Extraction varies little among the 15 examined brain regions. As shown for arginine-vasopressin, the extracted peptides may be bound in part to specific binding sites located on the luminal membrane of the tight endothelial cells. Transport of peptide molecules across the BBB cannot be ruled out, but it is unlikely that endogenous peptides pass the BBB in physiologically significant amounts. In contrast, in brain regions with leaky capillaries, e.g., selected circumventricular organs including the pineal gland, neurohypophysis, and choroid plexus, the peptide fraction extracted approaches that of water. Within the circumventricular organs, the peptide molecules actually reach the cellular elements of the tissue. However, no studies definitively show that peptides reach neurons in the deeper layers of the brain. On the other hand, blood-borne peptides influence the BBB permeability by altering the transport of essential substances. The effect may be mediated by specific peptide binding sites located at the luminal membrane of the endothelium. It is possible that the effect of peptides on the BBB is necessary for proper brain function. There is some evidence that peptides, released centrally into the synaptic clefts as well as peripherally into the bloodstream, support complex brain performances by both of these pathways.

scholarly journals Mapping a cognitive theory onto neurology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorin Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Neurological research has made amazing strides in recent years. Enough is now known about what specific brain areas do to make it possible to start examining how various parts of the brain interact. What is missing is a general theory of cognition to tie all of this information together. Back in the 1980s, a cognitive theory was developed that began with a system of cognitive styles and was expanded through an in-depth study of biographies. It was discovered at that time that this theory mapped in a general way onto the brain. This cognitive theory, known as the theory of mental symmetry, has recently been tested as a meta-theory by using it to analyze a number of fields and theories dealing with human thought and behavior. This paper shows that personality traits that were discovered by mental symmetry correspond in detail to the functioning of brain regions described in current neurological papers. In brief, the cognitive model suggests that there are seven cognitive styles: There are four simple styles, and there are three composite styles that combine the thinking of the simple styles. Two of the simple styles use emotions and emphasize a circuit composed of orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, temporal lobe, and amygdala, with one in the left hemisphere and the other in the right hemisphere. The other two simple styles use confidence and emphasize a circuit consisting of dorsolateral frontal cortex, frontopolar cortex, parietal cortex, and hippocampus, again with one in the left hemisphere and the other in the right hemisphere. The three composite styles form a processing chain. The first composite style combines the two simple emotional styles and emphasizes the ventral striatum, and dopamine. This leads to the second composite style, which combines the two simple confidence styles and emphasizes the anterior cingulate, the dorsal striatum, and serotonin. This is followed by the third composite style which balances the functioning of the mind and emphasizes the thalamus and noradrenaline.

scholarly journals Different forms of effective connectivity in primate frontotemporal pathways

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Petkov ◽  
Yukiko Kikuchi ◽  
Alice E. Milne ◽  
Mortimer Mishkin ◽  
Josef P. Rauschecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract It is generally held that non-primary sensory regions of the brain have a strong impact on frontal cortex. However, the effective connectivity of pathways to frontal cortex is poorly understood. Here we microstimulate sites in the superior temporal and ventral frontal cortex of monkeys and use functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the functional activity resulting from the stimulation of interconnected regions. Surprisingly, we find that, although certain earlier stages of auditory cortical processing can strongly activate frontal cortex, downstream auditory regions, such as voice-sensitive cortex, appear to functionally engage primarily an ipsilateral temporal lobe network. Stimulating other sites within this activated temporal lobe network shows strong activation of frontal cortex. The results indicate that the relative stage of sensory processing does not predict the level of functional access to the frontal lobes. Rather, certain brain regions engage local networks, only parts of which have a strong functional impact on frontal cortex.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document