Medical Issues Associated with Winter Survival Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 677-680
Author(s):  
Kirill S. Kireev ◽  
Alexey P. Grishin ◽  
Gene L. Dowell
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
Medical Protocols

INTRODUCTION: During active phases of manned spaceflight there is a possibility of a spacecraft landing at any point traversed by its orbital path on the Earth. Survival training after emergency landing is an important and vital part of pre-mission preparations. In this paper we analyze medical issues associated with winter survival training in marshy and forested terrain.METHODS: From 2011 to 2019, 50 International Space Station crews participated in winter survival training. Crewmembers included Roscosmos, NASA, CSA, ESA, and JAXA astronauts, spaceflight participants, and instructors. Medical protocols and training final reports were analyzed for conditions and medical events.RESULTS: The health status of crewmembers during training was nominal. Temperature sensation was reported as comfortable or moderately cold during daytime and moderately cold or cold during nighttime. SpO2 (blood oxygen saturation) and heart rate recorded during training did not exceed normal values. SpCO (blood carbon monoxide saturation) generally was within normal limits. All participating crewmembers lost some bodyweight, from 0.15.5 kg (average 2.1 kg). Over the course of winter survival training there were 32 medical and environmental events requiring medical intervention. For two of the crewmembers requiring medical intervention, training was subsequently canceled.DISCUSSION: Winter survival training has successfully prepared spaceflight crews for the possibility of off-nominal landings in challenging terrain under adverse conditions. As this training involves high fidelity flight-like survival equipment and assigned flight crewmembers, the medical problems described here should closely reflect type and prevalence of events during an actual contingency scenario.Kireev KS, Grishin AP, Dowell GL. Medical issues associated with winter survival training. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(8):676680.

scholarly journals 0946 Parent-Perceived Sleep Problems Associated with Common Medical Issues During Infancy

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A359-A360
Author(s):  
J A Mindell ◽  
E S Leichman ◽  
A A Williamson ◽  
R A Gould ◽  
H Hiscock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Sleep Problem ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Child Sleep ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Ear Infections

Abstract Introduction Sleep problems are highly prevalent during infancy. However, little research has been conducted on associations between these sleep issues and common medical concerns in early development. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of parent-perceived sleep problems in infants with common medical problems. Methods Participants were 5,097 children from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children—Birth Cohort. Caregiver-reported child sleep problems and medical concerns were assessed at ages 0-1 year. Chi-square analyses were used to examine associations between the presence of a parent-perceived sleep problem and medical concerns. Results Wheezing (29.6%), eczema (14.9%), and food/digestive allergies (5.0%) were the most commonly identified medical concerns. In addition, 17.1% of caregivers reported a moderate/severe child sleep problem. Infants who had a moderate to severe parent-identified sleep problem experienced higher rates of overall medical care/needs, wheezing, eczema, food/digestive allergies (p<.001), ear infections (p<.05), and other illnesses (p<.01) than those infants without a sleep problem. No differences were observed with regard to hearing problems, vision problems, developmental delay, diarrhea/colitis, anemia, or other (non-ear) infections. Furthermore, parents reported higher rates of sleep problems for infants with medical problems (20.0-37.5%) than for infants without medical problems (16-17%), especially related to needing medical care (sleep problems = 27%), food/digestive allergies (27%), eczema (23%), and wheezing (20%), p=.001. Conclusion Overall, common medical issues during infancy, including food/digestive allergies, eczema, and wheezing, are associated with greater parent-endorsed child sleep problems. Primary care providers should assess for and address sleep problems when treating common medical concerns during infancy. Support This project was partially supported by Johnson and Johnson Consumer Health (JAM, ESL, and RAG) and NIH K23HD094905 (AAW).

Rapid response calls in inpatient psychiatric units

2020 ◽  
pp. 103985622097559
Author(s):  
Lucia Nguyen ◽  
Binita Sharma ◽  
Richard Newton
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Psychiatric Units

Objective: To assess the rates of serious medical issues on psychiatry wards by determining the rate, indication and outcomes of rapid response calls. Method: Using retrospective file review, information regarding rapid response calls during an 8-month period was analysed. Results: Seventy-two rapid response calls were recorded; 7.5% of the admissions involved a rapid response call. Of patients who required a rapid response call, 88.6% had medical comorbidities. Also, 29.2% of rapid response calls required transfer to another ward. Conclusions: Patients on psychiatry wards frequently require urgent medical intervention. Improved collaboration and service planning between general medical and psychiatric service is required to improve clinical care and outcomes for this high-risk group.

Value of Preoperative Clinic Visits in Identifying Issues with Potential Impact on Operating Room Efficiency

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 1254-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin J. Correll ◽  
Angela M. Bader ◽  
Melissa W. Hull ◽  
Cindy Hsu ◽  
Lawrence C. Tsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Operating Room Efficiency ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Potential Impact

Background Preoperative clinics have been shown to decrease operating room delays and cancellations. One mechanism for this positive economic impact is that medical issues are appropriately identified and necessary information is obtained, so that knowledge of the patients' status is complete before the day of surgery. In this study, the authors describe the identification and management of medical issues in the preoperative clinic. Methods All patients coming to the Preoperative Clinic during a 3-month period from November 1, 2003, through January 31, 2004, at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, were studied. Data were collected as to the type of issue, information needed to resolve the issue, time to retrieve the information, cancellation and delay rates, and the effect on management. Results A total of 5,083 patients were seen in the preoperative clinic over the three-month period. A total of 647 patients had a total of 680 medical issues requiring further information or management. Of these issues, 565 were thought to require further information regarding known medical problems, and 115 were new medical problems first identified in the clinic. Most of the new problems required that a new test or consultation be done, whereas most of the old problems required retrieval of information existing from outside medical centers. New problems had a far greater probability of delay (10.7%) or cancellation (6.8%) than old problems (0.6% and 1.8%, respectively). Conclusions The preoperative evaluation can identify and resolve a number of medical issues that can impact efficient operating room resource use.

Case Report of Priapism in a Patient with Thalassemia Minor.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3820-3820
Author(s):  
Nagender Mankan ◽  
Venkata Samavedi ◽  
Sudipta Mazumder ◽  
Mohammad Razaq ◽  
Fernandez Gloria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background - Priapism is a urologic emergency caused by hematological problems in about 35% of cases. Its occurrence in sickle cell anemia, leukemia /other malignancies and primary thrombocythemias is well established. A very few case reports of priapism occurring in Thalassemia Intermedia especially after splenectomy have been documented in literature. Veno-occlusive priapism (low flow priapism) beyond 4hours is a compartment syndrome requiring emergent medical intervention. The most important late complication of priapism is fibrosis and impotence and their incidence is related to the duration and aggressiveness of treatment of priapism. We report a case of priapism in a patient of Thalassemia minor. Case report- A 42 year Asian male was referred from urology service for a hematologic work-up for recurrent episodes of priapism. He was admitted with a 24 hours-long episode of priapism. The history of priapism dates back to 1998, a few months after marriage, when he was admitted for the first episode of priapism and had a decompressive procedure. Since then, for 6 years, he had intermittent, 15 minutes to 1 hour episodes of penile erection. These episodes usually occur after midnight and were unrelated to sexual activity. He did not have any other medical problems and was not on any medications. He was not on any pro-erectile medications. He denied any history of masturbation. He denied any history of alcohol or illicit drug use. He was unaware of any family history of anemia. On physical examination, he did not have pallor, icterus, lymphadenopathy, skin ulcers or hepatosplenomegaly. The penis was circumcised without any trauma or necrosis. His hemoglobin was 10.5 g/dl, hematocrit 34%, MCV 65fl, RDW14.5 %, reticulocyte count 1.3%, platelets 274k/μl, and WBC 6.9k/μl. Peripheral smear showed poikilocytosis, hypochromia and microcytosis without any sickle cells or nucleated RBCs. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed Hb A of 94%, Hb A2 of 5.6% and Hb F of 0.4%. His clinical picture, blood count, peripheral smear and electrophoresis were consistent with Thalassemia minor. He was managed by removal of inspissated blood and injection of phenylephrine into the corpora cavernosa. This was repeated a few times and the priapism was relieved and patient discharged. Conclusion- This is the first reported case of priapism in a patient with Thalassemia minor.

A survey on the health status of Dutch scuba diving instructors

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Prashant Komdeur ◽  
◽  
Thijs T Wingelaar ◽  
Rob A van Hulst ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Hay Fever ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Ear Drops

Introduction: As the diving population is ageing, so are the diving instructors. Health issues and the use of prescribed medications are more common when ageing. The death of two diving instructors during one weekend in 2017 in the Netherlands, most likely due to cardiovascular disease, motivated investigation of the prevalence of relevant comorbidities in Dutch diving instructors. Methods: All Dutch Underwater Federation diving instructors were invited to complete an online questionnaire. Questions addressed diving experience and current and past medical history including the use of medications. Results: A response rate of 27% yielded 497 questionnaires (87% male, average age 57.3 years [SD 8.5]). Older instructors were over-represented among responders (82% of males and 75% of females > 50 years versus 66% of males and 51% of females among the invited cohort). Forty-six percent of respondents reported no current medical condition. Hypertension was the most commonly reported condition followed by hay fever and problems equalising ears and sinuses. Thirty-two percent reported no past medical condition. Problems of equalising ears and sinuses was the most common past medical condition, followed by hypertension, joint problems or surgery, and hay fever. Fifty-nine percent used non-prescription medication; predominantly analgesics and nose or ear drops. Forty-nine percent used prescription medicine, mostly cardiovascular and respiratory drugs. Body mass index (BMI) was > 25 kg·m-2 in 66% of males and 38% of females. All instructors with any type of cardiovascular disease were overweight. Conclusions: Nineteen percent of responding diving instructors suffered from cardiovascular disease with above-normal BMI and almost 60% used prescribed or non-prescribed medication. Some dived while suffering from medical issues or taking medications, which could lead to medical problems during emergency situations with their students.

scholarly journals Erythema Nodosum Associated With Streptococcal Infection in Pregnancy

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-168
Author(s):  
W. Edward Richards ◽  
Mark B. Reedy ◽  
Kevin P. Huddleston ◽  
Jeffrey W. Jundt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Erythema Nodosum ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
History Of

Background: Erythema nodosum (EN) is a condition characterized by the presence of painful erythematous nodules on the pretibial aspects of the lower extremities. EN is thought to be a local inflammatory, immune-mediated reaction to a number of systemic antigenic stimuli. This condition is noted most often in women between menarche and menopause and is associated with certain drugs, infections, and pregnancy. However, no reports in the literature describe EN as a result of streptococcal infection during pregnancy.Case: A 21-year-old, white woman, G3P0020, presented at 13 weeks gestation with a 2-week history of erythematous, tender lesions on the pretibial aspects of both legs consistent with EN. The patient reported having had a “flu-like” illness at the same time the lesions developed. The “flu” symptoms resolved within 10 days without medical intervention, but the lesions on her legs persisted. An initial antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titer was elevated at 960 Todd units (normal values: preschool and adults <85; school-age and young adults <170). Six days later, she presented to the emergency department with complaints consistent with a urinary-tract infection. She was empirically treated with a 10-day course of amoxicillin, 500 mg t.i.d. Although the patient was treated with amoxicillin for a presumed urinary-tract infection (which was culture-negative), the lesions resolved after her completion of the antibiotics. Twelve weeks later, a repeat ASO was within normal limits. The EN lesions did not recur.Conclusion: Although many etiologic factors are identified as causes of EN, the condition is usually self-limiting, requiring only minimal supportive measures until it resolves. A careful history should be obtained and a physical examination performed to exclude other causes. If a recent streptococcal infection is identified or presumed, a 10- to 14-day course of antibiotics is warranted.

scholarly journals Unnecessary shock from an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator following transcutaneous pacing

CJEM ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 330-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyaz Somani ◽  
Peggy DeJong ◽  
Kevin Michael ◽  
Adrian Baranchuk
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Transcutaneous Pacing ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillators

ABSTRACT As the population ages and cardiovascular disease becomes more prevalent, an increasing number of patients are receiving implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). When these patients present to the emergency department, it is imperative that physicians are not only aware of the possible underlying medical issues that may have precipitated their admission but should also have a good understanding of the potential interactions that any medical intervention may have on the patient’s device. We discuss a case in which a patient known to have an ICD in situ was transcutaneously paced for the management of bradycardia, leading to an unnecessary shock.

scholarly journals Medical procedure breaches detection using a fuzzy clustering approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Găceanu ◽  
Horia Pop
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Interacting Agents ◽  
Hybrid Data ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Medical Protocols ◽  
Real Patients

AbstractWe present a fuzzy clustering approach for detecting flaws in the application of predefined medical protocols. In case of cardiac arrest, the outcome of the intervention is greatly influenced by the precise compliance to certain predefined procedures. We propose a clustering scheme in order to detect possible deviations from the standard protocols. Several interacting agents are employed in this regard. The fuzziness of our approach allows the discovery hybrid data which in this case may be an indication of the medical intervention quality level. We provide experiments on a dataset containing information from real patients that suffered cardiac arrest, on a synthetic dataset and on a standard dataset.

Natural compounds with important medical potential found in Helleborus sp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Maior ◽  
Cristina Dobrotă
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Medical Issues

AbstractHelleborus (family Ranunculaceae) are well-known as ornamental plants, but less known for their therapeutic benefits. Over the past few years, Helleborus sp. has become a subject of interest for phytochemistry, pharmacology and other medical research areas. On the basis of their usefulness in traditional medicine, it was assumed that their biochemical profile could be a source of metabolites with the potential to overcome critical medical issues. There are studies involving natural extracts from these species which demonstrate that Helleborus plants are a valuable source of chemical compounds with great medical potential. Some phytochemicals produced by these species have been separated and identified a few decades ago: hellebrin, deglucohellebrin, 20-hydroxyecdysone and protoanemonin. Lately, many other active compounds have been reported and considered as promising remedies for severe diseases such as cancer, ulcer, diabetes and also for common medical problems such as toothache, eczema, low immunity and arthritis. This paper is an overview of the Helleborus genus focusing on some recentlydiscovered compounds and their potential for finding new drugs and useful biochemicals derived from these species.

Supernatural versus medical: Responses to mental illness from undergraduate university students in Trinidad

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
AnMarie Kamanie Ramkissoon ◽  
Casswina Donald ◽  
Gerard Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
Illness Causation

Background/Introduction: Perceptions about the aetiology of mental illness are likely to influence help-seeking behaviour. Understanding help-seeking behaviour will improve service provision and access. Therefore, this is likely to improve treatment outcomes. Methods: We assessed the perceptions and help-seeking behaviours surrounding mental illness in a Trinidadian population of 158 tertiary-level students (136 female, 22 male; mean age 30) by analysing their responses to a questionnaire which asked for responses regarding a case vignette of a 25-year-old young woman exhibiting symptoms suggestive of schizophrenia. Results: Of the respondents, 32.3% attributed the symptoms to supernatural causes. Specifically, 27.8% to someone doing her bad and 24.1% to evil spirits. In all, 77.2% of respondents indicated that mental illness was caused by medical problems and 63.3% to work stress. A minimum of 9.5% of the students therefore have dual perceptions regarding causation (77.2 + 32.3 = 109.5) Those who perceived causation to be supernatural said they would seek help from both medical ( p = .000) and supernatural ( p = .000) modalities. This also applied significantly to those who said the causation was medical, that is, seeking both religious intervention ( p = .000) and medical intervention (.000) as the first path in the health-seeking pathway. Conclusion: Dual help-seeking behaviour seems to be the functional result of an integration of religious and medical models of mental illness causation even in respondents who clearly identified only one of these as the likely cause of the illness behaviour.

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