scholarly journals Issues and options in high country farming 4. Cycling nutrients for sustainable management

1996 ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
K.F. O'Connor ◽  
A.H. Nordmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
Supporting Capacity ◽  
Nutrient Balances

Nutrient balances are recognised as the key to understanding the environmental context for sustainable management in pastorally used mountain lands and for monitoring possible effects of pastoral practices on the life-supporting capacity of soil. The paper draws on a larger survey of recent and current soil fertility research in the high country to examine briefly, three themes in nutrient cycling. The role of nutrient accessions to open systems is recognised for improved range. Current long-term revegetation studies show the need to take account of income from rock weathering. The importance of understanding the role of different plant species, soil amendments and pastoral practices in activating or impeding nutrient cycling proper is indicated from recent studies involving monitoring of exchangeable aluminium, comparing lupins with other legumes and studying the effects of planted conifers on the mineralisation of grassland organic matter. The dimensions and magnitudes of grazing-induced -nutrient-transfers-are-outlined-in-relation-to-their. risks of loss from periodic hydrologic events, as well as recognising the roles of pasture improvement and grazing management in accelerating nutrient cycling. Keywords: aluminium, grazing transfers, mineralisation of organic matter, nutrient balances, nutrient cycling, rock weathering, sustainable management

Soil organisms and sustainable productivity

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Lee ◽  
CE Pankhurst
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Soil Organism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sustainable Productivity

The soil is a habitat for a vast, complex and interactive community of soil organisms whose activities largely determine the chemical and physical properties of the soil. In a fertile soil the soil biota may have a biomass exceeding 20 t ha-1, with life forms ranging from microscopic bacteria to the largest of earthworms which may be 1 m in length. Only a small fraction, probably <20%, of the soil microflora and microfauna (including bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, nematodes, collembola, acari) have been described. The role of soil organisms in the development and maintenance of soil structure, in nutrient cycling and in their various interactions (including associative, harmful and beneficial) with plant roots is described. Trophic interactions between soil organism groups in developed agroecosystems are considered in relation to nutrient cycling and the impact such interactions have on populations of saprophytic, parasitic and symbiotic microorganisms. Prospects for the management of the soil biota to promote sustainable productivity are illustrated by describing the effects of tillage on the composition of soil organism communities. Management technologies that conserve the biodiversity of communities may provide the greatest benefits for the long term sustainability of the soil resource.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Agro-Forestry in Honey Production-A Case Study of Federal College of Forestry, Oyo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1877-1880
Author(s):  
PJ Adekola ◽  
OD Ayeni ◽  
T Oluwalana ◽  
OA Majekodunmi ◽  
AR Aduloju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Agro Forestry

The major concern globally is the need to ensure health, economy, large food production, sustainable management of the environment and the renewable natural resources. Such concern has advance measure part of which generate up to date information necessary for long term exploitation of this resources. But this information itself requires planning as well as machinery for its management in Nigeria. However agro-apiculture/agro-forestry is still nonexistence. This is attributable partly to lack of understanding, information and awareness regarding agro-apiculture practice in forest plantation. And therefore, to create this awareness and draw of authority concerned-Governments, policy maker, town planning and municipal authority to the need for the incorporation of apiculture into agro-forestry for sustainable management. This fact therefore, justifies the growing interest in the apiculture with agro forestry. This paper focuses on the potential role of agro forestry in honey production in federal college of forestry since 1999 to 2016 and its associated environmental problems are highlighted while the potential of agro forestry in honey production are stressed. Keywords: Honey production, Agro-forestry, Constraints and Endowment

Adaptation of microbial resource allocation affects modelled long term soil organic matter and nutrient cycling

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 322-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wutzler ◽  
Sönke Zaehle ◽  
Marion Schrumpf ◽  
Bernhard Ahrens ◽  
Markus Reichstein
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Cycling

scholarly journals The role of sideration in the accumulation of organic matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (45) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Central Regions

Data on the effect of long-term (18 years) use of crop sideration (white mustard), both separately and in combination with straw fertilizer, on the content of organic matter in sod-podzolic soil and crop productivity are presented. In the conditions of an acute shortage of organic fertilizers in agriculture in the central regions of the non-Chernozem zone, a promising and economically profitable form of organic fertilizer is crop crops of sideral crops from the cruciferous family (white mustard, etc.) Keywords: SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, CROP ROTATION, WHITE MUSTARD, ORGANIC MATTER

scholarly journals The role of organic matter and clay content in sediments for bioavailability of pyrene

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Spasojević ◽  
Snežana Maletić ◽  
Srđan Rončević ◽  
Marko Grgić ◽  
Dejan Krčmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
A Value ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Evaluation of the bioavailable fractions of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is extremely important for assessing their risk to the environment. This available fraction, which can be solubilised and/or easily extracted, is believed to be the most accessible for bioaccumulation, biosorption and/or transformation. Sediment organic matter (OM) and clay play an important role in the biodegradation and bioavailability of PAHs. The strong association of PAHs with OM and clay in sediments has a great influence not only on their distribution but also on their long-term environmental impact. This paper investigates correlations between bioavailability and the clay and OM contents in sediments. The results show that OM is a better sorbent for pyrene (chosen as a model PAH) and that increasing the OM content reduces the bioavailable fraction. A mathematical model was used to predict the kinetic desorption, and these results showed that the sediment with the lowest content of OM had an Ffast value of 24%, whereas sediment with 20% OM gave a value of 9%. In the experiments with sediments with different clay contents, no clear dependence between clay and rate constants of the fast desorbing fractions was observed, which can be explained by the numerous possible interactions at the molecular level.

The role of soil organic matter and manures in sustainable nutrient cycling.

2009 ◽  
pp. 221-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. T. Goulding ◽  
D. V. Murphy ◽  
A. Macdonald ◽  
E. A. Stockdale ◽  
J. L. Gaunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Cycling

Humus acids as reserve of water-soluble organic matter in irrigated chernozems of Near-Ob are

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Boris Klenov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Weakly Alkaline ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Humus Composition ◽  
Humus Acids

It has been shown the role of carbon of dissolved organic matter (C DOM) in humus composition of irrigated chernozems as well as participation of humus substances proper in the formation of DOM. It has been found out that in chernozem long-term irrigated with weakly alkaline water the yield of C DOM is reliably higher than in nonirrigated soil when used even ordinary water extraction. It accounts for 53 and 40 mg l–1 respectively. It is attributed to the fact that because of influence of irrigative water the pH range became wider to some extent and alkalinity of soil medium became stronger and consequently the solubility of DOM increased. It has been noted that that the same tendency that is decrease is observed in depthwise distribution of humus and C DOM. As it should be expected, in irrigated soil processed with irrigative water the content of C DOM is somewhat higher (by 7–10 mg l–1) in the studied part of the profile as a whole. At the same time the relative role of C DOM in humus composition increases with increasing pH, up to 3 % of total organic soil carbon. It has been examined the interaction of irrigative water free of DOM with preparations of humus acids extracted from soil. Drown coloration of irrigative water is evidence of separation of DOM from humus acids. Moreover, the yield of C DOM proved to be three times higher in case of irrigative water than distilled one and accounted 120 and 350 mg l–1 respectively. This comparative experiment is an evidence of the fact that humus acids can be served as a source of DOM, especially in the event if more accessible organic matter is not available. Thus, long-term irrigation of chernozems in case of unsatisfactory application of organic fertilizers leads not only to biological and irrigational humus losses but also humus losses by way of transformation of humus acids into DOM

Long-term soil water content and exchangeable Ca interact to stabilize organic matter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Shabtai ◽  
Srabani Das ◽  
Thiago Inagaki ◽  
Ingrid Kogel-Knabner ◽  
Johannes Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

&lt;p&gt;Organo-mineral interactions stabilize soil organic matter (SOM) by protecting from microbial enzymatic attack. Soil water content affects aggregation, mineral weathering, and microbial respiration, thus influencing the relative importance of SOM stabilization mechanisms. While the response of microbial respiration to momentary changes in water content is well established, it is unclear how microbial activity will impact stabilization mechanisms under different long-term moisture contents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To understand how long-term soil moisture affects SOM stabilization mechanisms we studied fallow soils from upstate New York situated on a naturally occurring water content gradient. Wetter (but not saturated) soils contained more exchangeable Ca and had more strongly stabilized SOM, resulting in SOM accumulation. But it was not clear whether Ca-driven surface interactions or occlusion in micro-aggregates was more important, and if interactions with Fe and Al played a role in the Ca-poor soils. Also, the role of biotic drivers in SOM stabilization at different water contents was unknown.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We tested which mechanisms governed SOM stabilization by determining C and N contents and natural isotope abundances in particulate and mineral-associated organic matter fractions. We also extracted the C bound to Ca and to reactive Fe+Al phases. Wetter, Ca-rich soils had higher oPOM content, and in the heavy mineral fraction, higher relative concentrations of Ca-bound C, lower C:N values, and more oxidized C forms. In addition, wetter soils had greater microbial biomass. Together, these results showed that high long-term soil moisture increased microbial SOM cycling, and that processed SOM was better stabilized, in agreement with the recent notion that stable SOM consists of processed labile C. Additionally, higher soil moisture augmented the role of Ca in SOM stabilization over that of Al+Fe phases. We then manipulated the exchangeable Ca content and incubated soils with &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N labeled plant litter. Ca-amended soils emitted less CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;while incubated with litter, confirming that Ca is instrumental in SOM stabilization. Tracing the labeled isotopes in the gaseous phase and soil fractions will allow us to gain a clearer understanding of how water content and soil Ca interact to stabilize SOM.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Adoption of Sustainable Management Practices by Mexican Coffee Producers

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ubertino ◽  
Patrick Mundler ◽  
Lota D. Tamini
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Coffee Sector

<p>In order to maintain optimal growing conditions on coffee plots, producers in Mexico are encouraged to renovate their stock of coffee trees, use fertilizer, implement soil conservation measures and manage shade levels. The adoption of these sustainable management practices (SMPs) by smallholder coffee growers has become an important rural development objective, especially as a way to overcome low yields, poverty and land degradation. However, adoption rates for SMPs remain below expected levels, a situation that potentially threatens the long- term viability of the coffee sector in Mexico. To better understand the choices made by producers, a multivariate probit technique was used which modelled the adoption of possibly interrelated SMPs using data from a survey of 119 coffee producers. The analysis reveals that adoption of SMPs is related to the size of coffee holdings, the socio-economic characteristics of producers and the role of social capital, the latter being a key factor in the overall adoption process. Surprisingly, government subsidies to coffee growers were not tied to higher adoption rates, suggesting the need for policy reforms in order to better facilitate the uptake of new practices. The results indicate that efforts aimed at strengthening local institutions and organizing coffee growers into producer associations could increase the adoption of SMPs in smallholder coffee systems.</p>

Human rights for conservation: A rights-based approach to fisheries governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Gina Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Fisheries Governance ◽  
Fishery Resources ◽  
The Pacific

The sustainable management of fishery resources in the Pacific region will greatly influence the long-term development of many Melanesian nations. This article will demonstrate that the incorporation of a rights-based approach to fisheries governance would facilitate the achievement of conservation objectives by encouraging sustainable behaviour amongst fishing communities. The significant role of legal stewardship will be highlighted thus emphasising the importance of robust law for both sustainability and human rights.

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