scholarly journals New Frontiers in Placenta Tissue Imaging

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Normal Placenta

The placenta is a highly vascularised organ with unique structural and metabolic complexities. As the primary conduit of fetal support, the placenta mediates transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between maternal and fetal blood. Thus, normal placenta anatomy and physiology is absolutely required for maintenance of maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. Moreover, impaired placental health can negatively impact offspring growth trajectories as well as increase the risk of maternal cardiovascular disease later in life. Despite these crucial roles for the placenta, placental disorders, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth, remain incompletely understood. Effective noninvasive imaging and image analysis are needed to advance the obstetrician’s clinical reasoning toolkit and improve the utility of the placenta in interpreting maternal and fetal health trajectories. Current paradigms in placental imaging and image analysis aim to improve the traditional imaging techniques that may be time-consuming, costly, or invasive. In concert with conventional clinical approaches such as ultrasound, advanced imaging modalities can provide insightful information on the structure of placental tissues. Herein, the authors discuss such imaging modalities; their specific applications in structural, vascular, and metabolic analysis of placental health; and emerging frontiers in image analysis research in both preclinical and clinical contexts.

A Review on Automatic Bill of Material Generation and Visual Inspection on PCBs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhil Azhagan M. S ◽  
Dhwani Mehta ◽  
Hangwei Lu ◽  
Sudarshan Agrawal ◽  
Mark Tehranipoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Bill Of Materials ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Image Analysis Techniques

Abstract Globalization and complexity of the PCB supply chain has made hardware assurance a challenging task. An automated system to extract the Bill of Materials (BoM) can save time and resources during the authentication process, however, there are numerous imaging modalities and image analysis techniques that can be used to create such a system. In this paper we review different imaging modalities and their pros and cons for automatic PCB inspection. In addition, image analysis techniques commonly used for such images are reviewed in a systematic way to provide a direction for future research in this area. Index Terms—Component Detection, PCB, Authentication, Image Analysis, Machine Learning

scholarly journals The accuracy of diagnostic Imaging techniques in patients with a suspected Fracture-related Infection (IFI) trial: study protocol for a prospective multicenter cohort study.

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e027772 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAM Govaert ◽  
MGG Hobbelink ◽  
IHF Reininga ◽  
P Bosch ◽  
TC Kwee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Imaging Strategy

IntroductionThe optimal diagnostic imaging strategy for fracture-related infection (FRI) remains to be established. In this prospective study, the three commonly used advanced imaging techniques for diagnosing FRI will be compared. Primary endpoints are (1) determining the overall diagnostic performances of white blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with suspected FRI and (2) establishing the most accurate imaging strategy for diagnosing FRI.Methods and analysisThis study is a non-randomised, partially blinded, prospective cohort study involving two level 1 trauma centres in The Netherlands. All adult patients who require advanced medical imaging for suspected FRI are eligible for inclusion. Patients will undergo all three investigational imaging procedures (WBC scintigraphy, FDG-PET and MRI) within a time frame of 14 days after inclusion. The reference standard will be the result of at least five intraoperative sampled microbiology cultures, or, in case of no surgery, the clinical presence or absence of infection at 1 year follow-up. Initially, the results of all three imaging modalities will be available to the treating team as per local protocol. At a later time point, all scans will be centrally reassessed by nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists who are blinded for the identity of the patients and their clinical outcome. The discriminative ability of the imaging modalities will be quantified by several measures of diagnostic accuracy.Ethics and disseminationApproval of the study by the Institutional Review Board has been obtained prior to the start of this study. The results of this trial will be disseminated by publication of peer-reviewed manuscripts, presentation in abstract form at scientific meetings and data sharing with other investigators through academically established means.Trial registration numberThe IFI trial is registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR7490).

scholarly journals Diabetes, Obesity, and Inflammation: Impact on Clinical and Radiographic Features of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2757
Author(s):  
Braden Miller ◽  
Hunter Chalfant ◽  
Alexandra Thomas ◽  
Elizabeth Wellberg ◽  
Christina Henson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

Obesity, diabetes, and inflammation increase the risk of breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women. One of the mainstays of breast cancer treatment and improving outcomes is early detection through imaging-based screening. There may be a role for individualized imaging strategies for patients with certain co-morbidities. Herein, we review the literature regarding the accuracy of conventional imaging modalities in obese and diabetic women, the potential role of anti-inflammatory agents to improve detection, and the novel molecular imaging techniques that may have a role for breast cancer screening in these patients. We demonstrate that with conventional imaging modalities, increased sensitivity often comes with a loss of specificity, resulting in unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. Obese women have body size limitations that impair image quality, and diabetes increases the risk for dense breast tis-sue. Increased density is known to obscure the diagnosis of cancer on routine screening mammography. Novel molecu-lar imaging agents with targets such as estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), pyrimi-dine analogues, and ligand-targeted receptor probes, among others, have potential to reduce false positive results. They can also improve detection rates with increased resolution and inform therapeutic decision making. These emerg-ing imaging techniques promise to improve breast cancer diagnosis in obese patients with diabetes who have dense breasts, but more work is needed to validate their clinical application.

scholarly journals Multiphoton Microscopy for Ophthalmic Imaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Gibson ◽  
Omid Masihzadeh ◽  
Tim C. Lei ◽  
David A. Ammar ◽  
Malik Y. Kahook
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Third Harmonic ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Ophthalmic Imaging ◽  
Anti Stokes

We review multiphoton microscopy (MPM) including two-photon autofluorescence (2PAF), second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), fluorescence lifetime (FLIM), and coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) with relevance to clinical applications in ophthalmology. The different imaging modalities are discussed highlighting the particular strength that each has for functional tissue imaging. MPM is compared with current clinical ophthalmological imaging techniques such as reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescence imaging. In addition, we discuss the future prospects for MPM in disease detection and clinical monitoring of disease progression, understanding fundamental disease mechanisms, and real-time monitoring of drug delivery.

scholarly journals Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19: A Multiorgan Multimodality Imaging Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinithra Varadarajan ◽  
Mahsima Shabani ◽  
Bharath Ambale Venkatesh ◽  
Joao A. C. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Radiologic Findings

In this pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a vast proportion of healthcare resources, including imaging tools, have been dedicated to the management of affected patients; yet, the frequent reports of unknown presentations and complications of disease over time have been changing the usual standard of care and resource allocation in health centers. As of now, we have witnessed multisystemic symptoms requiring the collaboration of different clinical teams in COVID-19 patients' care. Compared to previous viral pandemics, imaging modalities are now playing an essential role in the diagnosis and management of patients. This widespread utility of imaging modalities calls for a deeper understanding of potential radiologic findings in this disease and identifying the most compatible imaging protocol with safety precautions. Although initially used for respiratory tract evaluation, imaging modalities have also been used for cardiovascular, neurologic, and gastrointestinal evaluation of patients with COVID-19. In this narrative review article, we provide multimodality and multisystemic review of imaging techniques and features that can aid in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients.

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

2014 ◽  
pp. 235-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar Kanti Bera ◽  
J. Nagaraju
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology

Looking into the human body is very essential not only for studying the anatomy and physiology, but also for diagnosing a disease or illness. Doctors always try to visualize an organ or body part in order to study its physiological and anatomical status for understanding and/or treating its illness. This necessity introduced the diagnostic tool called medical imaging. The era of medical imaging started in 1895, when Roentgen discovered the magical powerful invisible rays called X-rays. Gradually the medical imaging introduced X-Ray CT, Gamma Camera, PET, SPECT, MRI, USG. Recently medical imaging field is enriched with comparatively newer tomographic imaging modalities like Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Photoacaustic Tomography (PAT). The EIT has been extensively researched in different fields of science and engineering due to its several advantages. This chapter will present a brief review on the available medical imaging modalities and focus on the need of an alternating method. EIT will be discussed with its physical and mathematical aspects, potentials, and challenges.

Intelligent Computing in Medical Imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 592-608
Author(s):  
Shouvik Chakraborty ◽  
Sankhadeep Chatterjee ◽  
Amira S. Ashour ◽  
Kalyani Mali ◽  
Nilanjan Dey
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Imaging ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Biomedical Image Analysis ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Intelligent Computing ◽  
Biomedical Image

Biomedical imaging is considered main procedure to acquire valuable physical information about the human body and some other biological species. It produces specialized images of different parts of the biological species for clinical analysis. It assimilates various specialized domains including nuclear medicine, radiological imaging, Positron emission tomography (PET), and microscopy. From the early discovery of X-rays, progress in biomedical imaging continued resulting in highly sophisticated medical imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT), and lungs monitoring. These biomedical imaging techniques assist physicians for faster and accurate analysis and treatment. The present chapter discussed the impact of intelligent computing methods for biomedical image analysis and healthcare. Different Artificial Intelligence (AI) based automated biomedical image analysis are considered. Different approaches are discussed including the AI ability to resolve various medical imaging problems. It also introduced the popular AI procedures that employed to solve some special problems in medicine. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) are active to classify different types of images from various imaging modalities. Different diagnostic analysis, such as mammogram analysis, MRI brain image analysis, CT images, PET images, and bone/retinal analysis using ANN, feed-forward back propagation ANN, probabilistic ANN, and extreme learning machine continuously. Various optimization techniques of ant colony optimization (ACO), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and other bio-inspired procedures are also frequently conducted for feature extraction/selection and classification. The advantages and disadvantages of some AI approaches are discussed in the present chapter along with some suggested future research perspectives.

Imaging Modalities

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Lateral Chest ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

The chapter titled imaging modalities describes various methods of imaging the thorax. Imaging of patients presenting with thoracic complaints typically begins with chest radiography. Ambulatory patients should undergo posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest radiographs. Anteroposterior (AP) chest radiography should be reserved for debilitated, critically ill and traumatized patients. Special chest radiographic projections such as decubitus chest radiography may be employed for specific indications. Chest CT is the imaging study of choice for evaluating most abnormalities found on radiography. Contrast-enhanced chest CT is optimal for evaluation of vascular abnormalities, the hila and some mediastinal lesions. CT angiography is routinely employed in patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism or acute aortic syndromes. High-resolution chest CT is reserved for the evaluation of diffuse infiltrative lung disease and often includes expiratory and prone imaging. FDG PET/CT is increasingly employed in the assessment of patients with malignancy for the purposes of initial staging and post therapy re-staging of affected patients. Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy is used in the assessment of pulmonary thromboembolism. Additional thoracic imaging techniques include: Fluoroscopy for evaluation of the diaphragm, and ultrasound for evaluation of the thyroid and the pleural space.

Applications of Dispersion Staining Technique in Image Analysis of Colorless Particles

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 836-837
Author(s):  
Shu-Chun Su
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Immersion Liquid ◽  
Staining Techniques

particles and their surrounding immersion liquid medium into a color in the When analyzing particle size distribution of colorless, translucent or transparent particles by image analysis, a major challenge is to obtain images of particles that ensure proper object detection, especially if the particles are amorphous or non-crystalline. Conventional imaging techniques, such as brightfield, darkfield, cross-polarized light, etc., might not applicable for these types of materials.Dispersion staining (DS) is a technique that coverts the refractive index (RI) difference between visible range and renders particles optically stained with that particular color. There are two modes of dispersion staining techniques: central stop (CS) and annular Stop (AS). For image analysis, CS is preferred.In the CS mode, the matching wavelength λm, i.e., the wavelength at which the RI of a particle equals that of liquid, is not refracted at the particle/liquid interface and therefore blocked by a 3-4 mm opaque round disk located at the center of the back focal plane of objective lens.

scholarly journals Automated Segmentation and Object Classification of CT Images: Application toIn VivoMolecular Imaging of Avian Embryos

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Heidrich ◽  
Jana Schmidt ◽  
Johannes Zimmermann ◽  
Hans Peter Saluz
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Automated Segmentation ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
In Ovo

Background. Although chick embryogenesis has been studied extensively, there has been growing interest in the investigation of skeletogenesis. In addition to improved poultry health and minimized economic loss, a greater understanding of skeletal abnormalities can also have implications for human medicine. Truein vivostudies require noninvasive imaging techniques such as high-resolution microCT. However, the manual analysis of acquired images is both time consuming and subjective.Methods. We have developed a system for automated image segmentation that entails object-based image analysis followed by the classification of the extracted image objects. For image segmentation, a rule set was developed using Definiens image analysis software. The classification engine was implemented using the WEKA machine learning tool.Results. Our system reduces analysis time and observer bias while maintaining high accuracy. Applying the system to the quantification of long bone growth has allowed us to present the first truein ovodata for bone length growth recorded in the same chick embryos.Conclusions. The procedures developed represent an innovative approach for the automated segmentation, classification, quantification, and visualization of microCT images. MicroCT offers the possibility of performing longitudinal studies and thereby provides unique insights into the morpho- and embryogenesis of live chick embryos.

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