scholarly journals Basic Paradigmatic Correlations in the Semantic Field of the Concept Summer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
E. Grudeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Illustrative Material ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Article is based on the materials of a comprehensive study of the concepts summer and autumn from the point of view of their perception by representatives of Russian and English linguistic cultures. This paper shows the features of the paradigmatic relations of Russian and English concept summer. The study was built on the identification of synonymous (quasi-synonymous), antonymic, (hypo) hyperonymic, or genus-species relationships, as well as the incompatibility relations of this concept. Study is based on the materials of the explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms of the Russian and English languages; illustrative material was taken from the National corpus of the Russian language and the British National Corpus. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the paradigmatic explication of the content of the concept summer most clearly actualizes only one of the four previously identified cognitive features of the concept, namely the sign ‘time of year, season’.

scholarly journals Language of Russian Charity: Verbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4 (202)) ◽  
pp. 293-310
Author(s):  
Valeria S. Kuchko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This article studies Russian verbs which name the action of gratuitous material assistance to those in need, i.e. благотворить, благотворительствовать, благодетельствовать, меценатствовать, жертвовать, спонсировать, and their few derivatives. The author focuses on the history of their origin and use in the Russian language, the development of their meanings, semantic features, and functioning in the text. The analysis of these characteristics of the life of the word in the language allows the author to identify and formulate some norms of the use of these verbs in modern charity discourse for those who speak and write about charity. The study is based on historical and modern lexicographic sources, such as explanatory dictionaries of the Old Slavic Language, Old Russian Language, Russian language of different time periods, as well as examples of word usage, retrieved from The National Corpus of the Russian Language. In spite of the fact that the verbs studied realise the predicate of a situation of charity and designate the subject’s action of providing a poor or deprived object with material support, they considerably differ in terms of time of their appearance in the language, periods of usage, and semantic capacity. The analysis demonstrates that there is no verb that could claim the status of a nuclear verbal lexeme of the semantic field of charity: the word with the widest neutral semantics благотворить has almost fallen out of use, the verbs благодетельствовать and меценатствовать have a narrower application, while жертвовать imposes semantic restrictions on the choice of words for the positions of the object and the instrument of charity, and in the case of the verb спонсировать a specific context of “market” charity is important, in which the subject receives a certain benefit from their contribution.

scholarly journals Lexico-semantic field of the concept "power" (based on the material of "Domostroy" and "The legend of princess Olga")

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Oksana Vyacheslavovna Popova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Illustrative Material

Quite a large number of linguistic works are aimed at understand-ing the essence of power, the main task of which is to reconstruct the per-ception and attitude to power. This article attempts to analyze the lexical and semantic field of the concept "POWER", with special attention paid to the meanings of the word "power". The illustrative material is the Dictionary of the Russian language, as well as the Old Russian texts "Domostroy" and "The Legend of Princess Olga". The description of the lexical and semantic field of the concept of "Power" based on the material of these texts allows one to identify the initial ideas about the phenomenon of power.

scholarly journals Stereotypic image of Siberia in Russian mass media

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00125
Author(s):  
Olga Kondratyeva ◽  
Olga Valko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article studies theoretical aspects of the image of the region and their realization as exemplified by the image of Siberia. The article treats the structure of the image and mechanisms of its formation from the point of view of the cognitive approach and with the help of frame structures. The cognitive analysis enables to differentiate three levels: frame, subframes, and slots, pertaining to the entity explored. The research allows demonstrating that the stereotypical ideas play an essential role in forming and sustaining the images of regions. Mass media appear to be the main source of the stereotypic image of the region due to highlighting different facts concerning the sterotypicized phenomenon, selecting various linguistic means for featuring it and influencing the emotional and evaluative perception of the image. The study was based on the data of the National Corpus of the Russian Language, which were analyzed with the help of content analysis and frame analysis. The image of the Siberian region actively exploits the frames “Nature and Geography of Siberia”, “History of Siberia”, “Economy of Siberia”. The research found out the dynamic and ambivalent character of the stereotypic image of Siberia.

scholarly journals Semantic Features of Nouns Referred to Various Lexical-And-Grammatical Categories

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Vadim Belov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
National Corpus

The paper focuses on semantic properties of concrete and abstract nouns in the aspect of their cognitive categorization. The research is based on the results of two psycholinguistic experiments carried out by the author: synonym selection and word interpretation. The data obtained are verified by comparing data from the dictionaries of synonyms and National Corpus of the Russian Language. The synonym collection experiment shows that the speakers tend to extend synonymic relations of concrete nouns by means of semantic convergence of the words, which belong to different levels of hierarchy in the semantic field. Special attention is paid to nouns denoting a person. Their synonymic ranges differ significantly in lexicographic sources and the experiment findings. The word interpretation experiment points to the frequency of a logical (componential) method for interpretation of concrete nouns meaning, and synonymic method for abstract nouns. Concrete nouns are noted to realize logical categorization due to being incorporated into hierarchical semantic relations, whilst abstract nouns may reflect logical and figurative categorization because their meanings do not have subject reference and are characterized by uncertainty. Abstract nouns have been proved to build hierarchical semantic relations within their synonymic groups on certain conditions.

scholarly journals Attributive Characterization Sentences in Russian and German

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Igor I. Bakaytis
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Static Character ◽  
Comparative Examination ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

One of the reasons for changes in translation of such sentences, as it seems to us, is the fact that standard characterization schemes in Russian and German have different semantic potentials, that is, meanings that can be implicitly represented in the characterization structure of one language cannot be rendered by a similar structure in another. The purpose of this contrastive study is therefore to find out how identical the characterization structures in Russian and German are from the point of view of semantic potential. To achieve this goal, we analyze the causes of changes in rendering attributive characterization in translation. We apply a structural-semantic approach in a comparative examination of Russian and German proposals for qualitative characterization. The novelty of the study is that we trace the process of this semantics’ formation in their non-standard structures, as well as in how expressivity is realized or maintained in the reviewed sentences. In the study, we used the method of continuous sampling of sentences and their translations from the Russian Language National Corpus. The structural-semiotic method allowed us to trace the process of characterization semantics formation in structures, which are usually used to express other meanings. Contextual and comparative methods allowed us to identify the causes of changes in the translation, and the method of quantitative analysis – the frequency of translation transformations. Using interlinear and reverse translations, differences in the structure and semantics of the original and translated sentences were shown. We found that the proposition of attributive characterization is expressed in a non-standard way in translations only in a small percentage of instances, which is mainly due to the difference in the stylistic norms of languages, and in some cases, to the difference in the semantic potential of the characterization structure. In particular cases, the Russian structure is capable of implicitly expressing the metaphor of the feature presented in it, which in the German translation requires explication, and, accordingly, a change in the way of its rendering. Along with the semantic changes accompanying the substitution of the structure, we revealed a decrease in the categorization of the attribute, creation of a more “lively” image, intensification of an attribute, strengthening of its static character, putting the reader closer to the point of view of the narrator.

scholarly journals Migration and Migrants: “When Words Smuggle Ideas”

2020 ◽  
pp. 650-664
Author(s):  
Marina B. Tashlykova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article is devoted to the study of the semantic field of migration and the corresponding circle of lexical notation. The main objective of the article is to discover those ideas about migration and migrants that are embodied in the lexical meanings of words, which are the main means of nominating these concepts and / or profiling their individual faces. To solve this problem, the author carried out the analysis of vocabulary denoting concepts related to the phenomenon of migration and made an attempt to comprehend the evolution of these concepts, to identify the dominant images and reactions caused by them. The analysis is carried out based on the material (1) of the dictionaries of the Russian language; (2) texts extracted from The Russian National Corpus and various Internet resources; (3) texts examined during the production of linguistic examinations in connection with the need to identify the presence or absence of signs of extremism. The article shows that in the ways of understanding migration, socio-political and extremist discourses reveal significant similarities at the deepest level, differing only in the degree of explicitness and the choice of lexical designations (more or less politically correct in the first case and “brutal” in the second case)

scholarly journals Phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Liliia Zinnatullina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Exact Match ◽  
The Subject ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This article is dedicated to examination of phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages. An attempt is made to determine the criteria for finding phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of various types of English-Russian phraseological equivalents. Referring to the research of outstanding scientists, the article describes and analyzes the types of phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages. The author provides the examples of a range of phraseological units of the English and Russian languages, selected from the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language, Russian National Corpus, and British National Corpus. Contextual method and method of phraseological description are used for studying English-Russian phraseological equivalents. The scientific novelty of this paper consists in the full or partial manifestation of phraseological equivalence of a number of unique phraseological units in the English and Russian languages leaning on the conducted research of compositional volume. The conclusion is made that the adverbial phraseological units-equivalents are characterized by an exact match of phraseological meaning, structural-grammatical organization, imagery framework, and thus, compositional volume. For determining the degree of match of the structural-grammatical organization, it is essential to consider the specific typological features, which are typical for one language and atypical for another due to difference in the systems of the compared languages. Partial phraseological equivalence of adverbial phraseological units is characterized by the exact match of plane of content and insignificant differences in the plane of expression, which do not affect the identity of imagery of the English and Russian adverbial phraseological unit.

scholarly journals Метафора systema digestorium в русском лингвокультурном пространстве

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269
Author(s):  
Andrzej Narloch
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Kind ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

In recent years linguistic studies have laid great emphasis on the semantic side of linguistic expressions. The aim of this paper is to introduce and describe ‘systema digestorium’ viewed from the perspective of the conceptual metaphor in Russian. It describes the process of creating such metaphors based on the notions of source and target domains. From a linguistic point of view, an interest arises to answer the question of how the functioning of such an important organ as the digestive system is reflected in the conceptualization of the surrounding world. This issue is important because the metaphorization is based on the use of everyday human experience, reflecting processes known to all human kind, including those of a physiological nature. The research material was taken from the national corpus of the Russian language and a number of dictionaries. The figurative meaning of activities related to grinding, swallowing, digesting food, as well as excreting food debris became the object of the research. The basic identifiers are the verbs: to chew, to swallow, to digest, to defecate. Each stage of the digestive system has its own specificity and concentrates on specific parts in viewing the world. In addition, the metaphor ‘systema digestorium’ is often used in Russianlinguaculture to convey the expressiveness and originality of a language.

scholarly journals On Adjectival Attributives Blood, Direct, Peaceful as Components of Archaic Nominations of Friends

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leontyeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Spiritual Intimacy ◽  
Class Identification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Over Time ◽  
National Corpus

The article discusses the changes in collocability of the word friend over time. It notes that the works by A.S. Pushkin contain the forms, unexpected for the perception of the native speakers of the modern Russian language: blood friends, direct friend, peaceful friends. The analysis of the specified attributive combinations is carried out applying definitional, contextual, linguocultural analysis methods. The text material from the National Corpus of the Russian language is used. It is proved that the expression "blood friends" could denote "people connected by strong friendship" and "people of the same class". Physical kinship criterion has been proved to serve as a basis for cognitive understanding of spiritual intimacy and social class identification. However, the connection between primary and secondary semantics is not so direct here; it is mediated by the cultural layer – the custom of twinning, a form of artificial relationship noted among many peoples. Most examples of the usage of the phrase "direct friend" mean 'express your opinion to someone honestly, directly'. The expression "peaceful friends" is interpreted as based on a doubling of the meaning 'in a relationship of agreement'. The research results can be used in compiling dictionaries of the Russian language, and also in teaching linguistic disciplines.

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