Alexander Archipenko: Artistic and Aesthetic Principles of the European Avant-garde Epoch

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
M. Klymenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Intellectual Resource ◽  
Conceptual Connection ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Experience ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The paradigm formation of Alexander Archipenko’s art (1887–1964) in the context of the European avant-garde was analyzed in the article. The study examined the historiography of the 20th century artistic movement from Cubism, Futurism to Expressionism. The author analyzed the sculptor’s conceptual connection with innovations of the period and underlined the main philo-sophical principles of the epoch, and their impact on the formation of the artist’s figurative plastic concepts. The focus was made on the accumulation of the universal cultural experience of the European avant-garde in the process of Alexander Archipenko’s personality formation. The social and cultural factors of the sculptor’s personality formation were traced. The sculptor’s phenomenon is inseparable from the conglomeration of the European avant-garde thoughts. The sublimity of the intellectual resource development of the period was the driving force in the formation of Alexander Archipenko’s innovation. The author of the present study analyzed the main cultural and artistic groups of the epoch, and revealed Archipenko’s direct participation in them. Archipenko, the inventor of the experimental space, showed the way to sculptors of the 20th century. The sculptor’s philosophic line was projected into multicultural and anthropological dimension. The consolidation of general experience of the existence is embodied in the sculptor’s seeking strategies. Archipenko’s methodology development passed through the multicultural synthesis of the world’s ancient experience. There was a certain inspiration by mythological, ritual and historical prototypes as well. The artist’s semantic field had the only basis where new variations of the form and content arose from. The synthesis of artistic, aesthetic and philosophical principles of European avant-garde in Alexander Archipenko’s art contributed to the formation of the ethno-national basis of his art.

Hidden Fissures and Epidemics in Plain Sight: The Common Paths of Syphilis and HIV in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-142
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The paper examines and compares two epidemics in Russia: syphilis in the first quarter of 20th century and HIV in the early 21st century. The author considers both epidemics from the standpoint of the social sciences by applying the concept of vulnerability to underline the social and cultural factors that cause one social group to be more susceptible to a disease than another. The article focuses on gender-based vulnerability and maintains that both epidemics follow a single, structurally similar scenario. The author shows that the vulnerability of women during both the syphilis and HIV epidemics depends upon the clear continuity in the way gender roles and expectations and the relationships between men and women were structured during the early days of the USSR and in present-day Russia. The article analyzes how stigma arises and how in both eras inequality of power and expectations for men and women formed the main channel for transmission of disease. The paths along which modern epidemics spread have been mostly inherited from the epidemics of past centuries, and in particular the HIV epidemic is following a pattern derived from the syphilis epidemic. More precisely, the current epidemics exploit the same vulnerability of certain groups, vulnerability rooted in the past and still manifest in the norms and relations in contemporary culture and society where one group is much more exposed than the other. The article relies on historical sources, in particular Lev Friedland"s book Behind a Closed Door: Observations of a Venereologist published in 1927, for its account of the syphilis epidemic in the early 20th century and on the author"s own research into the experience of women living with HIV in contemporary Russia.

scholarly journals Avantgarde Suomessa

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Women Artists ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
First Time

Avant-garde in Finland is the first book to provide an overarching introduction to avant-garde art by Finnish artists. The articles in the book discuss the application and development of the cultural ideas of the avant-garde in Finnish art from the early 20th century till the present day. The book focusses on the social, political, and artistic characteristics of avant-garde art and their manifestation in Finnish avant-garde literature, visual arts, architecture, fashion, and music. The book shows the remarkable role of women artists in the development of the Finnish avant-garde. Many artists and groups are presented in the book for the first time. At the same time, the articles highlight connections between well-known Finnish artists and international avant-garde movements that have not been recognized in earlier research. A key theme of the book is the tension between the internationality of avant-garde and the nationalist elements of Finnish culture. The book is peer-reviewed, and its authors are eminent senior scholars and younger researchers.

scholarly journals Playing the game with aleatorics and narrativity: Linaia-Agon by Iannis Xenakis

New Sound ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Jelena Janković-Beguš
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Game Theory ◽  
Probability Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The West ◽  
Iannis Xenakis ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Mathematical Game ◽  
The Social

In this article I examine the piece Linaia-Agon for brass trio (1972) by Greek-French composer Iannis Xenakis, one of only three pieces by this composer, which are commonly referred to in literature as "game-pieces", from the perspective of Roger Caillois' typology of games, stemming from the social sciences, as well as from the framework of the mathematical game theory and its branch probability theory. Xenakis' "game pieces" belong to the field of controlled aleatorics, because they employ a certain level of indeterminacy; here I argue that it is precisely in this aspect of indeterminacy that their nature "as games" is revealed. I am concerned with the "translation" of the Ancient Greek legend about the musician Linos and the God Apollo - and of the mathematical calculations - into the language of the West European avant-garde music of the second half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Transcendence of avant-garde negativity as a determinant of the social position of European music in the 20th century

Muzikologija ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Mirjana Veselinovic-Hofman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Dialectic

Starting with Adorno?s negative dialectic and his consideration of musical material as the crucial theoretical notion that implies the negative dialectic core, we examine in this study the deconstructive potential of materialization of some musical antinomies of the 20th century. We follow this materialization from the aspect of transcendence of the antinomy considered as a certain musical ?unit? of negativity. This process is investigated here in reference to the concepts of musical material and the dual determination of music and musical-aesthetic experience, as well as to the musically concrete levels regarding musical substance and language of the avant-garde and post modernity, as representatives of a further possible antinomy: respectively, between the phenomenological and the hermeneutical. Functioning within all these levels individually, the process of transcendence brings about consequences which in our view can be considered as general criteria affecting the social position of European music of the 20th century.

Könyvismertetések

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-420
Author(s):  
Magda Ritoókné Ádám ◽  
Olivér Nagybányai Nagy ◽  
Csaba Pléh ◽  
Attila Keresztes
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Issues

VárinéSzilágyiIbolya: Építészprofilok, akik a 70-es, 80-as években indultak(Ritoókné Ádám Magda)      407RacsmányMihály(szerk.): Afejlődés zavarai és vizsgálómódszerei(Nagybányai Nagy Olivér)     409Új irányzatok és a bejárt út a pszichológiatörténet-írásban (Mandler, G.: Interesting times. An encounter with the 20th century; Hergenhahn, B. N.: An introduction to the history of psychology; Schultz, D. P.,Schultz, S. E.: A history of modern psychology; Greenwood, J. D.: The disappearance of the social in American social psychology;Bem, S.,LoorendeJong, H.: Theoretical issues in psychology. An introduction; Sternberg, R. J. (ed.)Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?;Dalton, D. C.,Evans, R. B. (eds): __

Main Forms of Propagandistic Activities of the Right-Wing Parties (1904–1914)

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 656-676
Author(s):  
Igor V. Omeliyanchuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the main forms and methods of agitation and propagandistic activities of monarchic parties in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century. Among them the author singles out such ones as periodical press, publication of books, brochures and flyers, organization of manifestations, religious processions, public prayers and funeral services, sending deputations to the monarch, organization of public lectures and readings for the people, as well as various philanthropic events. Using various forms of propagandistic activities the monarchists aspired to embrace all social groups and classes of the population in order to organize all-class and all-estate political movement in support of the autocracy. While they gained certain success in promoting their ideology, the Rights, nevertheless, lost to their adversaries from the radical opposition camp, as the monarchists constrained by their conservative ideology, could not promise immediate social and political changes to the population, and that fact was excessively used by their opponents. Moreover, the ideological paradigm of the Right camp expressed in the “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality” formula no longer agreed with the social and economic realities of Russia due to modernization processes that were underway in the country from the middle of the 19th century.

Performing Masculinity and the Crisis of Transclass Man in August Wilson’s Drama

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatija Bibi Khan ◽  
Owen Seda
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Great Cost ◽  
Social Milieu ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The Social ◽  
North End

Feminist critics have identified the social constructedness of masculinity and have explored how male characters often find themselves caught up in a ceaseless quest to propagate and live up to an acceptable image of manliness. These critics have also explored how the effort to live up to the dictates of this social construct has often come at great cost to male protagonists. In this paper, we argue that August Wilson’s Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom and Joe Turner’s Come and Gone present the reader with a coterie of male characters who face the dual crisis of living up to a performed masculinity and the pitfalls that come with it, and what Mazrui has referred to as the phenomenon of “transclass man.” Mazrui uses the term transclass man to refer to characters whose socio-economic and socio-cultural experience displays a fluid degree of transitionality. We argue that the phenomenon of transclass man works together with the challenges of performed masculinity to create characters who, in an effort to adjust to and fit in with a new and patriarchal urban social milieu in America’s newly industrialised north, end up destroying themselves or failing to realise other possibilities that may be available to them. Using these two plays as illustrative examples, we further argue that staged masculinity and the crisis of transclass man in August Wilson’s plays create male protagonists who break ranks with the social values of a collectively shared destiny to pursue an individualistic personal trajectory, which only exacerbates their loss of social identity and a true sense of who they are.

National Institute of Art and Design named after Kamoliddin Behzod

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Dilzoda Alimkulova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
History Of ◽  
20Th Century Art

The art of Uzbekistan of the first decade of 20th century (1920-30s) is worthily recognized as the brightest period in history of Uzbek national art. We may observe big interest among the artwork which was created during the years of Independence of Uzbekistan towards the art of 20th century and mainly it may be seen in form, style, idea and semantics. Despite the significant gap between the 20th century art tendencies and Independence period, there is very big influence of avant-garde style in works of such artists as Javlon Umarbekov, Akmal Ikramjanov, Alisher Mirzaev, Tokhir Karimov, Daima Rakhmanbekova and others.

ALTRUISTIC AND EGOISTIC AGON IN THE EMOTIONAL CRISIS OF SUŠIĆ'S DRAMATIC PERSONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2361-2365
Author(s):  
Almedina Čengić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Modern Process ◽  
Artistic Vision ◽  
Dramatic Characters ◽  
The One

The second half of the 20th century in Bosnian literature is marked by the new tendencies of avant-garde writers, who will create their work through a different form of artistic creation, compared to the one that was presented at the beginning of this period. It is important to clarify the specificity of the various procedures that have positively directed dramatic creativity towards the modern lines of European literary circles. Derviš Sušić (1925-1990.), the Bosnian-Herzegovinian tradition and the reality of images, presented in a completely new artistic vision, make oscillation, in the writer's creation, between the determinants of historical facts and the legacy of oral tradition. Derviš Sušić Within the avant-garde tendencies of contemporary writers of the regional region, which appear in the mid-20th century, Sušić dominates in his virtuous creations of dramatic situations and dilemmas, in which his protagonists act. In a specific presentation of crucial culmination points, within the framework of the process of "drama of the flow of consciousness," a modern process in the conduct of drama, this writer analytically approaches the individual's dialectical duplication. Through artistically shaped fragments taken from historical records, this literary virtuoso presents in his texts a culmination point of Bosnian survival, very picturesque dramatic shaped historical characters and crucial events. It is symptomatic that Susić's characters become prototypes of stage characters, without temporal or location restrictions, transmitting a universal message of a unique attitude about the value of human activity and existence, outperform stereotypical models recognizable in the additional drama literature. Through the colorful of seeing and a range of specific dramatic characters, without the diversity of their differentiation in national status or sociopolitical affiliation, this writer creates a special ambient effect in the construction of his poetic fabrics based on historical background. The task of this paper is to prove the causality and conditionality of altruistic (social) and egoistic (individual) agonies in the actions and actions of Sušić's characters, in the examples of dramatic texts "Veliki vezir" (1969) and "Posljednja ljubav Hasana Kaimija "(1973), as well as the influence of emotional indicators on the concrete initiation of the dramatic conflict. It is therefore very interesting to explore and verify the models that will dominantly dominate the regional scene for almost half a century and be accepted as models in the way of writing its contemporaries, among the readers' population, but also at the same time with very successful placement in the theater audience.

The Avant-Garde of Sensitivity: On Grzegorz Królikiewicz’s “The Trees”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Borowska-Kazimiruk
Keyword(s):  
Visual Representations ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Social

The author analyses Grzegorz Królikiewicz’s Trees (1994) in two ways: as a metaphor of the Polish post-1989 transition, and as an eco-horror presenting the complexity of relations between human and plant world. This binary interpretation attempts to answer the question about the causes of the failure of Trees as a film project. The film itself may also be interpreted as a story about historical conditions that affect the ability to create visual representations of the social costs of political changes, as well as ecocritical issues.

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