The Black Screen

Keyword(s):  
The Many ◽  

This chapter explores the various roles played by the black screen in contemporary moving images. Almost all screens at some point display full frame blackness, but this visual universality masks the many different technologies, techniques, and purposes that underpin black screens, as well as the many different meanings that can be gleaned from them. The black screen can be many things; as its context changes, the blackness slips between different significations and evocations. This chapter suggests in particular that the black screen owes much of its universality and affective power to the fact that it encompasses both surface and space.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Loeb

Implantable electrical interfaces with the nervous system were first enabled by cardiac pacemaker technology over 50 years ago and have since diverged into almost all of the physiological functions controlled by the nervous system. There have been a few major clinical and commercial successes, many contentious claims, and some outright failures. These tend to be reviewed within each clinical subspecialty, obscuring the many commonalities of neural control, biophysics, interface materials, electronic technologies, and medical device regulation that they share. This review cites a selection of foundational and recent journal articles and reviews for all major applications of neural prosthetic interfaces in clinical use, trials, or development. The hard-won knowledge and experience across all of these fields can now be amalgamated and distilled into more systematic processes for development of clinical products instead of the often empirical (trial and error) approaches to date. These include a frank assessment of a specific clinical problem, the state of its underlying science, the identification of feasible targets, the availability of suitable technologies, and the path to regulatory and reimbursement approval. Increasing commercial interest and investment facilitates this systematic approach, but it also motivates projects and products whose claims are dubious.


2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Khalil ◽  
Hafiz Abdul Wajid

Loss of pre-load with time, commonly known as ‘Relaxation’ is an established phenomena. Behaviour of a bolted joint depends upon the pre-load in the bolts in use, not the pre-load introduced by the mechanic. Loss of pre-load is expected due to the many factors such as embedment relaxation, gasket creep, elastic interactions, and vibration loosening or stress relaxation. In a gasketed joint, due to the gasket flexibility, relaxation is always substantial during preliminary passes, as 80 to 100% loss is not uncommon in almost all the bolts, resulting in a dynamic behaviour. Pre-load in a gasketed joint is stabilized and retained to certain extent in the final passes only. In a non-gasketed joint, due to no gasket and no rotation its static behaviour is concluded. This paper highlights the factors affecting the amount of relaxation with time and presents important considerations that can reduce this. Both the short and long term relaxations are recorded and a ‘best fit’ model for relaxation behaviour is derived.


2020 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Василий Воронцов

Поводом для написания данной статьи послужила обеспокоенность автора состоянием богослужения в наши дни. Причём тревогу вызывает не сокращение объёма литургических текстов, а потеря понимания и чувства значимости некоторых из них. Отсюда, естественно, развивается достаточно вольное отношение к ним и, соответственно, небрежное исполнение их во время богослужения. После краткого упоминания о том, как должна совершаться служба Богу, автор переходит к основному предмету статьи. А она посвящена ектении как важнейшей части почти всех особо значимых богослужебных чинов Православной Церкви. В публикации представлены виды ектений, дана характеристика их содержания, показано их место во всех службах, где они встречаются, выявляется их особая роль среди множества других молитвословий, из которых состоит то или иное богослужение. Особое внимание уделено причине неоднократного употребления ектений в составе канонов утрени. Здесь ектении призваны снять напряжение внимания при исполнении подряд большого количества тропарей. В наибольшей степени это относится к канону в первый день Пасхи. Неслучайно, только на этой службе ектении произносятся после каждой песни канона. Кроме этого, в статье даётся обоснование неоднократного произнесения ектений и на службах, не относящихся к суточному кругу, каковы ми являются все пространные чинопоследования Требника, такие как службы таинств Крещения и Венчания, чины отпевания усопших, молебные пения. Отдельно отмечается образ исполнения ектении священнослужителями и хором. При этом особый акцент делается на те изъяны при совершении богослужения, которые укоренились почти во всех современных храмах. The reason for writing this article was the author’s concern about the state of Orthodox divine service in our days. Moreover, it is not the reduction in the volume of liturgical texts that causes concern, but the loss of understanding and a sense of the significance of some of them. Of course, this follows a rather free attitude to them and their careless performance during the worship service. After a brief mention of how the worship service to God should be performed, the author proceeds to the main subject of the article. And it is dedicated to the litany as the most important part of almost all particularly important liturgical ranks rites of the Orthodox Church. The publication presents the types of litanies, describes their content, shows their place in all wor ship services where they occur, and reveals their special role among the many other prayers of which this or that Orthodox divine service consists. Special attention is paid to the reason for the repeated use of litanies in the canons of Matins. Here litanies are designed to relieve the stress of attention when performing a large number of troparia in a row. To the greatest extent it relates to The Canon of Easter in the first day of Easter. It is no coincidence that only at this worship ser vice litanies are pronounced after each song of the canon of Matins. In addition, the article justi fies the repeated pronunciation of litanies also in worship services not related to the daily circle, which are all the lengthy extensive ranks rites Orthodox Breviary (Trebnik), such as the services of the sacraments of Baptism and Marriage, the funeral rites for the deads, prayer services. The ar ticle separately notes the manner of litany execution by the clergy and choir. At the same time, special attention is paid to those shortcomings in the worship that are rooted in almost all mod ern Orthodox temples.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dearma A Saragih ◽  
Yulianto Yulianto ◽  
Raimundus Pakpahan

One of the interesting cultural potentials to be studied is traditional houses. This traditional house has its own uniqueness in every area. One of the uniqueness can be seen from the many ornaments in it. Diversity has its own meaning and function. Ornaments is one of the historical heritage of Indonesia where almost all the tribes in Indonesia can be found various kinds of ornaments that reflect the techniques of each region in Indonesia. Ornament Batak Toba is one of the many ornaments that exist in this country Indonesia. Toba Batak ornament can be found in North Sumatera Province precisely in Samosir regency which always apply Toba Batak ornament as decoration or as identity in important building for Batak Toba, for example in traditional house building in Huta Siallagan, Tomok Village and Huta Bolon.This research is classified in research using descriptive-comparative research method, doing the study by comparing the existing ornaments in these three villages with theories about Ornaments Gorga Rumah Adat Batak Toba, then do the analysis of the condition in accordance with the theory used as a reference


2020 ◽  
pp. 211-236
Author(s):  
Adeena Mey

Among the many reconfigurations and experiments with the ‘medium of the exhibition’ of the 1960–1970s, Sonsbeek 71 stands as one the most audacious examples. Organized by curator Wim Beeren as an attempt to find a new curatorial language and innovative exhibition form, Sonsbeek 71 took ‘the entire country as its field of operation’, the ‘exhibition’ consisting of several works of land art, ‘information centres’, as well as pavilions dedicated to film, video, and art mediation. The ‘spatial relations’ exposed by the scale of this apparatus became the very object of Beeren’s curatorial inquiry. Focusing on projected moving images at Sonsbeek 71, this chapter discusses it on three different levels. First, it identifies the way both the film and exhibition apparatus were reconfigured and how Sonsbeek 71 functioned as an epistemology of the exhibition as medium. Second, it articulates a critique of the exhibition as a form intersecting technical, discursive, informational, and sensible elements, and shows how, in its radical expansion of the exhibition medium, Sonsbeek 71 ‘conflates media history with earth history’ (Parikka). Third, what is meant by the notion of the exhibition as ‘medium’ is discussed in light of the inflatable pavilions designed by the Eventstructure Research Group where structural films and artists’ films were projected. This eventually opens up to a critique of the informational, cybernetic epistemology of Sonsbeek 71.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Fresa

The amount of data produced by the Cultural Heritage sector is continually increasing thanks to the numerous initiatives put in place by the cultural institutions for the digitization of their content. This process has also been accelerated by the emergence of cultural portals including regional, national and thematic portals and the European cultural portal Europeana. The Digital Cultural Heritage (DCH) sector also has the challenge of the complexity of the information itself. This is because of the relationship that each cultural object has with the collections it is part of, with the memory institutions where it is held, with the other objects of the same nature and/or culturally connected with it, and the many other types of relationships that represent the real scientific value of the digitised cultural object (be it a book, an archival record, an artefact from a museum, a sound recording or a video). Further, the investment in the production of the digital cultural heritage data is extremely high because the description of each object requires the human intervention of experts in the sector in order to associate the necessary metadata. Automatic extraction of knowledge (metadata) from the digital representation of cultural items is still far from being at a production level. It is not yet commonly available or seamless to the cultural institutions that are engaged in the digitisation of their collections. In addition to the DCH content that derive from digitisation processes applied to the tangible heritage, also born digital cultural heritage is more and more a reality, particularly in the artistic scenario. Plastic artists are commonly using 3D modelling for their studies. Architects, writers, multimedia artists, graphic designers and almost all other artistic expressions produce data that need to be preserved for the researchers of today and for the future generations. Digital cultural data is therefore extremely precious and its preservation is more and more an imperative priority. This paper intends to discuss these matters in the light of the ongoing work carried out by the DCH-RP project ( www.dch-rp.eu ) funded by the European Commission.


2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE TOMORY

AbstractGaslight emerged as a new industry after 1800 in Britain, but not in other countries in Europe where the technology existed as well. Among the many groups trying, it was only the firm of Boulton & Watt that succeeded in commercializing the invention for two important reasons. The first was that they possessed skills and experience related to ironworking and to making scientific instruments, both of which they used as they developed gaslight apparatus. This development involved an extensive series of experiments that ultimately had its root in James Watt's own work with pneumatic chemistry. The second reason was that they possessed many resources such as access to capital, their existing network of industrial customers, and their abilities to publicize their work. As with the steam engine, the firm proved adept at advertising. Boulton & Watt did not give their full attention to gaslight except in two spurts between 1805 and 1809, and by around 1812 they had lost almost all interest in the technology. By this time, however, they had solved many problems associated with scaling up gaslight apparatus for industrial use, they had trained many people who would go on to do further important work in the early years of the industry, and they had drawn extensive public attention to the new invention. Finally, their advertising involved elevating the status of William Murdoch as an inventor while minimizing the role of the firm.


2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1 (464)) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Maciej Górny

The article describes the newer works devoted to the occupation of Polish lands, especially of Warsaw during World War I. Recently, this subject, so far neglected, has drown the attention of numerous scientists, both from Poland and from abroad. Their point of view is different not only from the older perspectives, but also from the perspectives of slightly newer works on the other occupied areas and emphasizing the connection between the experience of the Great War and genocide during World War II. In the most precious fragments, the new historiography gives a very wide image of social life, in which the proper place is taken by previously marginalised social groups. Differently from the older works, the policy of the occupants on the Polish lands is not treated only as a unilateral dictate, but rather as a dynamic process of negotiation, in which the strength and position of each of the (many) sides has been changed. And, this change is accompanied by the new arrangements concerning almost all aspects of the German policy and the conditions of living during World War I.


Author(s):  
J. E. T. Horne ◽  
J. R. Butler

SummaryLyndochite from Tura dukas, 35 miles north of Nanyuki, Kenya, agrees closely with the type material from Canada in its chemical analysis, in the distribution of the rare earths, and in X-ray diffraction data for powder after heat treatment. The mineral is compared and contrasted with aeschynite. Uranium-poor euxenite is intimately associated with lyndochite at the type locality.Since its discovery over thirty-five years ago, lyndochite has remained unrecorded outside its type locality of Lyndoch Township in Ontario, Canada. Its distinctive chemical composition sets it apart from almost all other Ti-rich metamiet niobates and, despite the many analyses that have been made on rare-earth niobate-tantalates, specimens that could have been regarded as similar to or approximating to lyndochite have rarely been mentioned. Its unusual characteristics include high ThO2 (about 10%) and appreciable rare-earth oxides (about 20%) with a lanthanon assemblage showing a peak concentration of Nd (and Ce), rather than any of the heavy lanthanons. The proportions of TiO2 (about 20%) and (Nb,Ta)2O5 (about 40%) are comparable to those in numerous niobate-tantalates, but are only associated with the percentages of ThO2 and Re2O3 mentioned above in some members of the aesehynite-priorite series. The lyndochite now described is chemically very close indeed to the Canadian lyndochite, and both specimens give closely similar X-ray diffraction patterns (after suitable heat treatment) which are distinct from those of any other metamict mineral.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2637-2645

People worldwide are experiencing the most dangerous situation concerning the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome known as coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), commonly referred to as the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (CoViD-19). Since late December 2019, an epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (CoViD-19) occurred in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China. With the growing global burden of the CoViD-19 pandemic, scientists, researchers, and healthcare-related organizations constantly work for a viable vaccine or therapeutics, scalable detection methods, personal protection devices, and novel effective medical solutions. Nanotechnology has recently considerably addressed the many clinical and public healthcare issues that have emerged from the CoViD-19 pandemic. The main focus of this current review article is to explore the possibility and potential of nanotechnology to combat this global pandemic and ongoing mitigation techniques and strategies. Furthermore, novel nanotechnology-based products are currently being developed for the prevention, diagnostic, treatment of CoViD-19, which various researchers or healthcare organizations invent.


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