Inequality in Scotland: Dimensions and Policy Responses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bell ◽  
David Eiser ◽  
Katerina Lisenkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
National Governments

Inequality has different dimensions. This chapter focusses on standard measures of income differences between households at a point in time, but also considers inter-generational and spatial inequalities as well as inequalities of wealth. It discusses explanations of recent changes in inequality and the tools that sub-national governments have to influence local inequality levels. Finally, it extends the discussion to discuss inequalities in “social” income – how equally or unequally public services are provided.

Globalization and Government Short-Term Room to Maneuver in Economic Policy: An Empirical Analysis of Reactions to Currency Crises

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sattler ◽  
Stefanie Walter
Keyword(s):  
Currency Crises ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Popular View ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
National Governments

This article assesses the popular view that currency crises represent a prime example of the constraints that globalization imposes on government room to maneuver. We show that governments in fact have the possibility to respond to speculative pressure in different ways. Whether or not policymakers succumb to this pressure is not solely determined by economic factors but also a question of political considerations. Political preferences, institutions, and events significantly affect policy responses to currency crises. Our results suggest that national governments retain substantial short-run policy autonomy even in highly internationalized policy areas such as monetary and exchange rate policy.

scholarly journals The Jurisprudence of Human Rights in a Global Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 6441-6453
Author(s):  
Dr. Matthew Enya Nwocha ◽  
Steve Ahamefula Amaramiro ◽  
Emmanuel Chinweike Ibezim
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Status ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
Jus Cogens ◽  
Domestic Affairs ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Nations System

This paper is a study of the conceptual dimensions of human rights gleaned from the writings of scholars and jurists, judicial precedent, and domestic and international human rights instruments, particularly under the United Nations System. Human rights have become an international subject and have today attained the status of a jus cogens rule of international law. The need to determine and clarify the history and dynamics of this subject has given impetus and inspiration to this paper. Applying a theoretical and doctrinal methodology, the paper set out to appraise the different dimensions, and for that matter ramifications, to the concept of human rights and how they affect our everyday life. The paper found, among other things, that human rights law and its observance are much more entrenched at the international forum than in domestic jurisdictions. The paper concluded that human rights issues are no longer a matter of domestic affairs of any nation in the light of extant international instruments to which nations are committed. It therefore recommended that national governments should be more sensitive and responsive to the growing status of human rights as an international subject.

scholarly journals Public policy responses to the spread of COVID-19 as a potential factor determining health results: a comparative study of the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, and the Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Tatiana Chubarova ◽  
Ivan Maly ◽  
Juraj Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Governments

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to identify critical factors in success/failure of public policies focusing on fighting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic using a sample of three countries from Central and Eastern Europe with different results regarding COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates, namely the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, and the Slovak Republic. Based on comprehensive literature review, three independent variables were worked out: the scope/scale of public policy anti-pandemic interventions, the timing of public policy interventions, and the success of public policies in motivating compliance with anti-pandemic measures. Taking into account the similarity of measures introduced by national governments, the results suggest that the timing of public policy responses and success in motivating compliance may be critical factors in containing the pandemic.

scholarly journals Emerging illegal wildlife trade issues: a global horizon scan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafeesa Esmail ◽  
Bonnie Wintle ◽  
Michael 't Sas Rolfe ◽  
Andrea Athanas ◽  
Colin Beale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Horizon Scanning ◽  
The Face ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
National Governments

Illegal wildlife trade is gaining prominence as a threat to biodiversity, but addressing it remains challenging. To help inform proactive policy responses in the face of uncertainty, in 2018 we conducted a horizon scan of significant emerging issues. We built upon existing iterative horizon scanning methods, using an open and global participatory approach to evaluate and rank issues from a diverse range of sources. Prioritised issues related to three themes: developments in biological, information and financial technologies; changing trends in demand and information; and socio-economic and geopolitical shifts and influences. The issues covered areas ranging from changing demographic and economic factors to innovations in technology and communications that affect IWT markets globally; the top three issues related to China, illustrating its vital role in tackling emerging threats. This analysis can support national governments, international bodies, researchers and non-governmental organisations as they develop strategies for addressing the illegal wildlife trade.

The market impact of the involvement of the EU/ECB/IMF in crisis-affected countries during the European sovereign debt crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Dimitrios V. Kousenidis
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Sovereign Debt Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
News Announcements ◽  
National Governments

Purpose This paper aims to examine whether the release of news about policy interventions by the troika [European Union (EU)/the European Central Bank (ECB)/International Monetary Fund (IMF)] in the crisis-affected EU countries (Cyprus, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain) and whether the policy responses of these countries’ governments had impacts on the return and risk of stocks in the financial and real-economy sectors of these countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a broad set of news announcements concerning the troika authorities’ policy interventions and the policy responses of the affected Eurozone states’ governments. To test for the risk and return effects of these announcements during the crisis period, a set of regression equations is estimated under a difference-in-difference approach using intercept and slope dummy variables for news releases from troika authorities and from the national governments of the six EU countries. This enables unraveling the effects of the crisis (first difference) and the effects of news announcements (second difference). Findings The results indicate that the involvement of the troika managed to reverse some of the unfavourable market effects of the crisis. Moreover, the policy response of national governments was found to have stronger favourable effects in the markets of the affected countries implying that investors likely waited for the response of the national governments before they reacted to the policy actions of the troika. The simultaneous release of news from the troika and from national governments had adverse effects on the returns and risk of the firms in the real economy sectors, suggesting that cross-news announcements conveyed negative information in the markets. Originality/value The paper provides evidence on the effects of policy-related news announcements on the development of the recent sovereign debt crisis in Europe. This issue is highly important, as it can reveal the effectiveness of the IMF’s and EU authorities’ policy interventions in affected Eurozone member states during the first major crisis in Europe since the monetary union.

scholarly journals ‘It is not the State's fault that we have a person like this’: relations, institutions and the meaning of ‘rights’ to carers of People with Psychosocial Disabilities in Chile

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Montenegro ◽  
F. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Governments

Background.The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) has been adopted by national governments to advance the interests and wellbeing of people with psychosocial disabilities (PPSD). It is often assumed that the adoption of a ‘rights’ framework will advance the dignity and autonomy of PPSD. However, little is known about how families and communities understand ‘rights’. The present paper, based on research conducted in Santiago, Chile, takes a contextual approach to rights, asking: How do family carers of PPSD understand and use the idea of ‘rights’? How does the context of caregiving shape families’ understanding of rights?Methods.Four focus groups were conducted with a total of 25 family carers (predominantly mothers) of people diagnosed with schizophrenia and other severe neuropsychiatric conditions. Thematic analysis was conducted.Results.Carers’ experience of caregiving was marked by isolation, stigmatization, a lack of support and mistreatment by public services. Their family networks did not provide sustained help and support, and the public services they had used were characterized by scarce resources and inadequate support. Carers did not refer to rights of dignity or autonomy. Given an unsupportive context, and worries about who would care for their child after the carer's death, their primary interest in ‘rights’ was a right to guaranteed, long-term care. While carers endorsed the idea of universal, state-supported rights, appeals to compassion and the exchange of favours were spoken of as the most effective strategies for gaining a minimum level of services and support.Conclusions.Carers’ understandings, framed against a background of unmet needs and shaped by a history of unsatisfactory interactions with services and institutions, do not resonate with the principles of the CRPD. We suggest an expanded, relational struggle for rights that acknowledges the role of families and the tensions surrounding the distribution of rights within the family.

scholarly journals The 20-minute city: an equity analysis of Liverpool City Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Calafiore ◽  
Richard Dunning ◽  
Alex Nurse ◽  
Alex Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Large City ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
City Region ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Equity Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach

The 20-minute city has become a popular urban planning policy to support low-transport neighbourhoods. Whilst meeting residents’ needs in local neighbourhoods is not a new concept, urban and transportation planners are increasingly being tasked with re-structuring transport and public services to facilitate people ‘living locally’. The existence of a 20-minute city is seen as a signifier of urban success and has taken on political acknowledgement through the pandemic, yet existing spatial inequalities contribute to the daunting headwinds in making active travel support an equitable city. In this paper, we provide a novel approach to identify where 20-minute neighbourhoods might exist within a large city region and assess how their existence aligns with socio-spatial inequalities.

Factors determining the success of contracting local public services: waste collection and waste disposal, management of cemeteries in Slovakia

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Mikusova Merickova ◽  
Juraj Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
The Core ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Alternative Service

Contracting public services to private firms is one of the most common types of alternative service-delivery arrangements. The relevant literature suggests that if, and only if the contracting is properly implemented, then it may, but need not to deliver positive outcomes. The study examines the experience with contracting among Slovak municipalities. Despite some methodological problems, the data suggests that externalization of production generally does not deliver improved efficiency and quality. The core purpose for failures and the possible policy responses are also offered.

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