Methodology and Scientific Competition

Episteme ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Albert
Keyword(s):  
Quality Standards ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Beauty Contest ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Quality Of Research

Why is the average quality of research in open science so high? The answer seems obvious. Science is highly competitive, and publishing high quality research is the way to rise to the top. Thus, researchers face strong incentives to produce high quality work. However, this is only part of the answer. High quality in science, after all, is what researchers in the relevant field consider to be high quality. Why and how do competing researchers coordinate on common quality standards? I argue that, on the methodological level, science is a dynamic beauty contest.

A Welcome Note from the Editor

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ayisha Shabbir
Keyword(s):  
Quality Standards ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Editorial Team ◽  
Biomedical Journal ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Exciting Time

I am delighted and proud to welcome you to the second issue of Volume 2. Each article receivedand accepted is an important contribution to the already existing knowledge in the field of BiomedicalSciences. All the editorial team is excited about the progress of PBMJ as an international journal. Aseditor, I would like to express my heartiest congratulation to the team and welcome to the authors andreaders. I am also grateful to the advisory board and managing editors. I hope that PBMJ can promote theacademic and applicable research and improve the research activities and collaborations.I am aware of the bumps along the way, but we are determined to keep pursuing the research goalsto meet the high quality standards and move forward with great courage. If you have any suggestions toimprove, you may write to us as a reader. In the age of technology, I can actively conversate with thereaders and get their feedback to improve the quality with their valuable input.PBMJ will continue to serve the Biomedical Sciences as an outlet for high-quality research. This isan exciting time for the journal and we look forward to working with authors, the Editorial board and theteam to make PBMJ as a leading source for work in the space.Dr. Ayisha ShabbirEditorPakistan BioMedical Journal

scholarly journals Effect of physical therapy on impairments in COVID-19 patients from intensive care to home rehabilitation: A rapid review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Debeuf ◽  
Eva Swinnen ◽  
Tine Plattiau ◽  
Ann De Smedt ◽  
Elisabeth De Waele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Psychosocial Function ◽  
Inpatient Units

Objective: Guidelines regarding physical therapy for COVID-19 patients are often based on expert opinion. Recent clinical trials have reported effects on several rehabilitation outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This review summarizes the effects of physical therapy in COVID-19 patients. Data sources: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically searched for studies investigating the effect of any physical therapy modality on impairments in adult COVID-19 patients. Included studies were (non)-randomized controlled trials, pre-experimental studies, and cohort studies in which a pre–post analysis was performed. Data extraction: After the screening process, data of interest were extracted from eligible studies and their risk of bias was assessed. Included outcome measures were divided into 3 groups: pulmonary function, physical function, and psychosocial function. Data synthesis: A total of 15 studies were included in this review. Physical therapy seems to have positive effects on pulmonary function, physical function, and psychosocial function. However, these effects differ between clinical settings (e.g. home care, intensive care unit, inpatient units). Due to the low-to-moderate quality of the included studies, no robust conclusions can be drawn. Conclusion: Further high-quality research is required, taking into account the different clinical settings, in order to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of physical therapy on impairments in COVID-19 patients.   Lay Abstract Guidelines regarding physical therapy for COVID-19 patients are often based on expert opinion or on evidence from studies of physical therapy in patients with other diseases. More and more clinical studies are investigat-ing the effect of physical therapy on the recovery of COVID-19 patients. Prior to this review, the importance of physical therapy for COVID-19 patients was not clear. This review summarizes the effects of physical therapy in COVID-19 patients. We reviewed and assessed the quality of the existing literature on this topic. Fifteen studies with a total of 1,341 COVID-19 patients were included in this review. Physical therapy appears to improve lung function, physical function, and psychosocial func-tion in COVID-19 patients. However, the effect can differ between clinical settings; for example, home care, intensive care unit, or other inpatient units. Due to the low-to-moderate quality of the included studies, no robust conclusion can be drawn. Further high-quality research is needed, taking into account the different clinical settings.

scholarly journals Exploration of Innovative Education Mode Based on the 5C Concept of Core Literacy —— Take Bridging Education between High School and University as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihe Sun
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High School ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Core Literacy ◽  
General Secretary ◽  
Innovative Education

In recent years, with the further promotion of the concept of quality-oriented education, universities and middle schools have set up a system to further implement the high-quality humanistic quality work proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, comprehensively promote the process of education modernization, continuously improve the quality of personnel training, and provide high-quality and high moral talents for the society. Based on the first perspective of college students, this paper explores the implementation mode of innovative education in the bridging stage between high school and university.

PERGURUAN TINGGI BERBASIS RISET

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Fatih Rusydi Syadzili
Keyword(s):  
Quality Standards ◽  
Work Readiness ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Quality Of Teaching ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times ◽  
Quality Of Research

In this chapter provides an overview of research-based tertiary institutions. In order to achieve the research-based tertiary institution, there are many things that the government can do such as providing incentives and grants, including financing facilities and infrastructure so that universities can meet quality standards. Requirements that must be met to enter World Class University. The Times Higher Education Supplement (London) requires four things, namely the quality of research with a weight of 60%, graduate work readiness (10%), international outlook (10%), and quality of teaching (20%).

Are gynaecologists confident addressing sexual issues with menopausal women?

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lis Cordingley ◽  
Fiona Mackie ◽  
Andrea Pilkington ◽  
Christine Bundy
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
And Training

The menopause is an important transition point for women in terms of their experience of sex. Higher expectations of a longer, healthier lifespan means that access to health professionals with the skills to address sexual issues is more important than ever. This review of the literature considered four broad areas: the influence of patient and practitioner characteristics on consultations about sexual issues for peri- and postmenopausal women; perceived barriers to discussion of sexual issues; the role and effectiveness of communication training; and examples of good practice in the field. This is an under-researched area with few papers focusing on the specific needs of this group of patients or practitioners. In order to improve the quality of life of mid-life and older women, more high-quality research is needed that can inform both education and training for gynaecologists, and the development of high-quality services.

Effects of employment as a peer support worker on personal recovery: a review of qualitative evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Alistair Bailie ◽  
Anna Tickle
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Personal Recovery ◽  
Support Worker ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ongoing Support ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative research into how working as a peer support worker (PSW) affects personal recovery. Design/methodology/approach – Ten articles were identified through a systematic search of seven databases, grey literature, reference lists, citations and contact with authors in the field. Identified articles were critically appraised and their results synthesised using metaethnography. Findings – There is potential to significantly improve the quality of the research in this field. Four categories were constructed to synthesise the findings of the reviewed studies, which demonstrated that being a PSW has the potential to be both facilitative of and detrimental to personal recovery. Research limitations/implications – The quality of existing studies varies widely. Further, high-quality research is required to specifically investigate the effects of employment as a PSW on personal recovery. Practical implications – The findings are tentative in light of the quality of the studies, but should be considered in the employment, training and ongoing support of PSWs and the services they join. Originality/value – Through its systematic methodology and appraisal of the quality of the studies reviewed, this review adds value to the literature about the effect of working as a PSW on personal recovery. It offers an original synthesis and criteria for measuring the quality of research in this field.

scholarly journals Predictors of efficacy in depression prevention programmes

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Jané-Llopis ◽  
Clemens Hosman ◽  
Rachel Jenkins ◽  
Peter Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Different Levels

BackgroundWorldwide, 340 million people are affected by depression, with high comorbid, social and economic costs.AimsTo identify potential predictors of effect in prevention programmes.MethodA meta-analysis was made of 69 programmes to reduce depression or depressive symptoms.ResultsThe weighted mean effect size of 0.22 was effective for different age groups and different levels of risk, and in reducing risk factors and depressive or psychiatric symptoms. Programmes with larger effect sizes were multi-component, included competence techniques, had more than eight sessions, had sessions 60–90 min long, had a high quality of research design and were delivered by a health care provider in targeted programmes. Older people benefited from social support, whereas behavioural methods were detrimental.ConclusionsAn 11% improvement in depressive symptoms can be achieved through prevention programmes. Single trial evaluations should ensure high quality of the research design and detailed reporting of results and potential predictors.

scholarly journals A collective challenge: Open Science from the perspective of Science Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-430
Author(s):  
Marie Timmermann
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Research Data Management ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Good Research ◽  
Quality Of Research

Open Science aims to enhance the quality of research by making research and its outputs openly available, reproducible and accessible. Science Europe, the association of major Research Funding Organisations and Research Performing Organisations, advocates data sharing as one of the core aspects of Open Science and promotes a more harmonised approach to data sharing policies. Good research data management is a prerequisite for Open Science and data management policies should be aligned as much as possible, while taking into account discipline-specific differences. Research data management is a broad and complex field with many actors involved. It needs collective efforts by all actors to work towards aligned policies that foster Open Science.

scholarly journals Open science requires an open internet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall W Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Open Science ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Quality Of Research

Open science initiatives have great potential to improve the quality of research and make access to it more democratic. Many of the features related to open science are, however, dependent upon unfettered access to the internet. We should be aware that the voices of many people are excluded because they do not have this unrestricted access. Vigilance is also required to ensure that access remains free where it is currently.

scholarly journals The culture of scientific research

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Joynson ◽  
Ottoline Leyser
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nuffield Council ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Quality Of Research

In 2014, the UK-based Nuffield Council on Bioethics carried out a series of engagement activities, including an online survey to which 970 people responded, and 15 discussion events at universities around the UK to explore the culture of research in the UK and its effect on ethical conduct in science and the quality of research. The findings of the project were published in December 2014 and the main points are summarised here. We found that scientists are motivated in their work to find out more about the world and to benefit society, and that they believe collaboration, multidisciplinarity, openness and creativity are important for the production of high quality science. However, in some cases, our findings suggest, the culture of research in higher education institutions does not support or encourage these goals or activities. For example, high levels of competition and perceptions about how scientists are assessed for jobs and funding are reportedly contributing to a loss of creativity in science, less collaboration and poor research practices. The project led to suggestions for action for funding bodies, research institutions, publishers and editors, professional bodies and individual researchers.

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