Return, Remembrance and Redemption: Hauntology and the Topography of Trauma in The Virtues and This Is England ’88

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-66
Author(s):  
Jack Anderson
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Key Characters

This article takes a hauntological approach to explore Shane Meadows's preoccupation with (post)traumatic return, focusing on the TV series The Virtues (Channel 4, 2019) and This Is England ’88 (Channel 4, 2011), which are correlatives in their sophisticated explication of hauntological trauma. Using Jacques Derrida's theoretical neologism ‘hauntology’, the haunting cycles which are signatures in Meadows's work are understood as spectres of an unresolved past and symptoms of repressed knowledge. As explored by Meadows, the psychological breakdowns of key characters Joseph and Lol are articulated as a ghostly resurfacing of unprocessed trauma from the past. By highlighting Meadows's use of return, remembrance and redemption as a triadic narrative pattern, the article will show how Meadows depicts the transformative efficacy of traumatic return through using the haunting as a potentially restorative device.

Stress management: Corpus-based insights into vernacular interpretations of stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Laurel Smith Stvan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
American English ◽  
Physical Symptom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Semantic Shift

Examination of the term stress in naturally occurring vernacular prose provides evidence of three separate senses being conflated. A corpus analysis of 818 instances of stress from non-academic texts in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the Corpus of American Discourses on Health (CADOH) shows a negative prosody for stress, which is portrayed variously as a source outside the body, a physical symptom within the body and an emotional state. The data show that contemporary speakers intermingle the three senses, making more difficult a discussion between doctors and patients of ways to ‘reduce stress’, when stress might be interpreted as a stressor, a symptom, or state of anxiety. This conflation of senses reinforces the impression that stress is pervasive and increasing. In addition, a semantic shift is also refining a new sense for stress, as post-traumatic stress develops as a specific subtype of emotional stress whose use has increased in circulation in the past 20 years.

scholarly journals Ketamine—50 years in use: from anesthesia to rapid antidepressant effects and neurobiological mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-345
Author(s):  
Samuel Kohtala
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractOver the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been studied and used for several new indications, ranging from chronic pain to drug addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder. The discovery of the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine has resulted in a surge of interest towards understanding the precise mechanisms driving its effects. Indeed, ketamine may have had the largest impact for advancements in the research and treatment of psychiatric disorders in the past few decades. While intense research efforts have been aimed towards uncovering the molecular targets underlying ketamine’s effects in treating depression, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive. These efforts are made more difficult by ketamine’s complex dose-dependent effects on molecular mechanisms, multiple pharmacologically active metabolites, and a mechanism of action associated with the facilitation of synaptic plasticity. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the different uses of ketamine, with an emphasis on examining ketamine’s rapid antidepressant effects spanning molecular, cellular, and network levels. Another focus of the review is to offer a perspective on studies related to the different doses of ketamine used in antidepressant research. Finally, the review discusses some of the latest hypotheses concerning ketamine’s action.

New species and record of Pseudonereis (Annelida, Polychaeta, Nereididae) from Taiwan

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4996 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-512
Author(s):  
PAN-WEN HSUEH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Offshore Island ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Record Species ◽  
Ridge Pattern ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Key Characters

Two new species and one new record species of the genus Pseudonereis are described from specimens collected from ecological surveys of coasts of Taiwan and an offshore island during the past 15 years: P. jihueiensis n. sp., P. kihawensis n. sp., and P. trimaculata. Epitokes of P. jihueiensis n. sp. and P. trimaculata are also described. Pseudonereis jihueiensis n. sp. can be distinguished from congeners by having edentate jaws, χ-shaped ridge pattern of Areas VI–V–VI, parapodial morphology (i.e., length ratio of dorsal cirrus to dorsal ligule or presence of small pennant-like dorsal ligule, shape of dorsal ligule in certain region of chaetigers), and no heterogomph spinigers in the subacicular fascicle of the neuropodia. Pseudonereis kihawensis n. sp. differs from congeners by having crescent-shaped pointed-bars in Area VI, λ-shaped ridge pattern of Areas VI–V–VI, parapodial morphology (i.e., length ratio of dorsal cirrus to dorsal ligule or presence of small pennant-like dorsal ligule or shape of dorsal ligule in certain region of chaetigers), and no heterogomph spinigers in the subacicular fascicle of the neuropodia. Pseudonereis trimaculata, a species originally described from Indonesia, is reported from Taiwan for the first time. A table of key characters for all species of Pseudonereis is provided.  

An underrepresented majority: A systematic review utilizing allodynic criteria to examine the present scarcity of discrete animal models for episodic migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 033310242096698
Author(s):  
Aidan Levine ◽  
Todd W Vanderah ◽  
Tally M Largent-Milnes
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Medication Overuse ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Soup ◽  
Distinct Disease ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Episodic Migraineurs

Background Despite increasing evidence differentiating episodic and chronic migraine, little work has determined how currently utilized animal models of migraine best represent each distinct disease state. Aim In this review, we seek to characterize accepted preclinical models of migraine-like headache by their ability to recapitulate the clinical allodynic features of either episodic or chronic migraine. Methods From a search of the Pu bMed database for “animal models of migraine”, “headache models” and “preclinical migraine”, we identified approximately 80 recent (within the past 20 years) publications that utilized one of 10 different models for migraine research. Models reviewed fit into one of the following categories: Dural KCl application, direct electrical stimulation, nitroglycerin administration, inflammatory soup injection, CGRP injection, medication overuse, monogenic animals, post-traumatic headache, specific channel activation, and hormone manipulation. Recapitulation of clinical features including cephalic and extracephalic hypersensitivity were evaluated for each and compared. Discussion Episodic migraineurs comprise over half of the migraine population, yet the vast majority of current animal models of migraine appear to best represent chronic migraine states. While some of these models can be modified to reflect episodic migraine, there remains a need for non-invasive, validated models of episodic migraine to enhance the clinical translation of migraine research.

scholarly journals Three component cartilage framework reconstruction for correction of post-traumatic nasal septal collapse

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (03) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday Bhat ◽  
Tarush Gupta ◽  
Mahesh Nair ◽  
Mayur Mantri ◽  
Mangesh Pawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Upper Lateral Cartilage ◽  
Dorsal Onlay ◽  
Post Traumatic

ABSTRACTBackground: Post-traumatic nasal septal collapse results in flat, broad, non-projecting nose due to mid-vault collapse. These patients may have airway obstruction due to poorly supported internal valve. Traditional techniques like ‘cantilever graft technique’ or conventional ‘L-graft technique’ produce a rigid lobule as the single unit framework extends to the tip. These grafts also lack in internal valve support. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients with post-traumatic nasal septal collapse were treated with three component cartilage framework technique in the past 3 years. The framework was reconstructed in three components-septal, columellar and dorsal onlay; using costal cartilage. If needed, upper lateral cartilage support grafts were also provided. Results: At 6 months’ follow-up, all 12 patients were satisfied with the outcome. The nasal projection and dorsal definition were aesthetically pleasing, and there was free natural movement of the lobular part of the nose. One graft was revised for further improvement in outcome. Airway obstruction, when present was also relieved. Conclusion: This technique has distinct advantages over the conventional techniques as the framework of separate components maintains pliability of the lobule, supports the internal valve and offers good control of aesthetic needs.

Head Injuries: A New Treatment for the Post-Concussive Syndrome

1947 ◽  
Vol 93 (391) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen S. E. Murray ◽  
H. Halstead
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traumatic Neurosis ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Persistent Disability ◽  
The Brain

Gunshot and shrapnel wounds of the head during the war have produced various disabilities not commonly seen in the injuries of peace-time.The symptom complex which usually appears subsequent to head trauma has become very familiar during the past few years. The resemblance from case to case of certain sequelae to head injuries has been grouped together in syndromes, variously labelled post-concussive syndrome, post-traumatic personality change, post-traumatic neurosis and post-contusional state, all indicating an oft-recurring persistent disability following concussion of the brain.

scholarly journals Voice phenomenology as a mirror of the past

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
David van den Berg ◽  
Eva Tolmeijer ◽  
Alyssa Jongeneel ◽  
Anton B. P. Staring ◽  
Eline Palstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cognitive Response ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relational Experiences ◽  
Psychological Threat ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Post-traumatic mechanisms are theorised to contribute to voice-hearing in people with psychosis and a history of trauma. Phenomenological links between trauma and voices support this hypothesis, as they suggest post-traumatic processes contribute to the content of, and relationships with, voices. However, research has included small samples and lacked theory-based comprehensive assessments. Method In people with distressing voices (n = 73) who experienced trauma prior to voice-hearing, trauma–voice links were assessed both independently and dependently (descriptions were presented and rated separately and together, respectively) by both participants and researchers. A structured coding frame assessed four types of independent links (i.e. victimisation type, physiological-behavioural, emotional, and cognitive response themes including negative self-beliefs) and three types of dependent links: relational (similar interaction with/response to, voice and trauma); content (voice and trauma content are exactly the same); and identity (voice identity is the same as perpetrator). Results Independent links were prevalent in participants (51–58%) and low to moderately present in researcher ratings (8–41%) for significant themes. Identification of negative self-beliefs in trauma was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of negative self-beliefs in voices [participants odds ratio (OR) 9.8; researchers OR 4.9]. Participants and researchers also reported many dependent links (80%, 66%, respectively), most frequently relational links (75%, 64%), followed by content (60%, 25%) and identity links (51%, 22%). Conclusion Trauma appears to be a strong shaping force for voice content and its psychological impact. The most common trauma–voice links involved the experience of cognitive-affective psychological threat, embodied in relational experiences. Trauma-induced mechanisms may be important intervention targets.

PERSONAL LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATIONS FOLLOWING THE TRAUMATIC WAR EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
T. M. Tytarenko
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Value ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Landscape Transformations ◽  
Integral Indicator

The personal landscape transformations are defined as the territory of a person 's life, which has special dynamics, structural and functional characteristics, meaningful filling. In addition to specifying the landscape concept, the task was to determine the types of landscapes of combatants after returning from the war. The sample consisted of 91 combatants (higher education cadets and volunteers). We used the written narrative method of the proposed scheme, a conversation, and a focused one-on-one interview. As a result, post-traumatic combatants 'narratives consisted of war-related injuries (41.9%); family treason (24.7%); losses suffered in peace time (23.5%); other difficult life situations (9.9%). The following criteria for determining the type of landscape have been developed: meaningfulness of the past; assessment of the present; a vision of the future; value dominant. There is considered the value-semantic configuration of the individual 's life as an integral indicator of the landscape. The following types of landscapes have been identified: a) existential (differs in the unwillingness to rethink the traumatic past; the inability to assess the present adequately; the inability to construct the future; the dominant for survival); b) family (distinguished by a good understanding of the past; adequate assessment of the present; detailed construction of the future; dominant of meaningful relationships); c) service (differs from family one primarily by the criterion of dominant value – to be useful to the state, to the fight against the aggressor, and to the army); d) self-realization (differs in the main value of self-development); e) pragmatic (distinguished by the major value of career advancement). The most common landscapes are existential and family landscapes (25.0% each); in second place is landscapes of service and self-realization (17.3% each); on the third – pragmatic (13.6%). The hypothesis according to which the direct participation of military personnel in hostilities can act as a trigger for changing the personal landscape is confirmed.

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