Exit from the Regime of Life Control: Biopolitics, Anticipatory Risk and the Excess of Experience

Somatechnics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-433
Author(s):  
Niamh Stephenson ◽  
Dimitris Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Ordinary Experience ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Everyday

In its early 20th century materialisation, risk was calculable and these calculations were primarily based on assessments of the past. By the end of the century, risk was increasingly considered to be fundamentally incalculable and it has become the object of the work of anticipation. This paper elucidates this shift by examining three regimes of life control. The Life/Culture System pervades early 20th century cultural and political thinking: working with the vitalism of life promises a better future. Following WWII, life's vitalism, creativity and potential and are viewed with suspicion. The State is valorised as the guarantor of an objective, accountable and democratic regime of life control. Biopolitics comes to the fore; risk is called forth. Today, there is a renewed interest in life's inherent plasticity, in controlling life by recombining life. Efforts to work with free-floating and incalculable risk signal a new regime of control: the Emergent Formation of Life . However, something is commonly neglected here: the domain of the everyday. This paper argues that the Emergent Formation of Life regulates life by inscribing emergent recombinant practices into people's everyday experience. Exit from the Emergent Formation of Life takes place on same terrain – immanent, ordinary experience. An analysis of shifts in public health efforts to contain infectious disease and of the everyday experience of life beyond population health illustrates this argument.

Cornerstone Documents, Milestones, and Policies: Shaping the Direction of Public Health Nursing 1890-1950

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Kub ◽  
Pamela Kulbok ◽  
Doris Glick
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Nursing Leadership ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Health Nursing ◽  
Public Health Nurses ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Nursing

The interplay of policy, milestone events, and cornerstone documents was critical in the evolution of the specialty of public health nursing (PHN) from 1890-1950. Using our contemporary lens, this article examines PHN development from an historical perspective, including events and milestones driving growth in the early 20th century. Some of the challenges faced by our founding public health nursing leadership are not unlike challenges we face today. In 1950, Ruth Hubbard, a former leader in the National Organization of Public Health Nurses and Director of the Visiting Nurse Society of Philadelphia, spoke of the value of examining the past to forge a new future. This article calls for contemporary public health nurses to act upon the lessons learned from the past, to strengthen the renewed focus on prevention, to develop policies that impact population health, and to foster a vision that will guide us into the future.

scholarly journals Changes in the strength and width of the Hadley Circulation since 1871

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
M. Song ◽  
Y. Hu ◽  
X. Ren
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Hadley Circulation ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Greenhouse Warming ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Period Oscillation

Abstract. Recent studies demonstrate that the Hadley Circulation has intensified and expanded for the past three decades, which has important implications for subtropical societies and may lead to profound changes in global climate. However, the robustness of this intensification and expansion that should be considered when interpreting long-term changes of the Hadley Circulation is still a matter of debate. It also remains largely unknown how the Hadley Circulation has evolved over longer periods. Here, we present long-term variability of the Hadley Circulation using the 20th Century Reanalysis. It shows a slight strengthening and widening of the Hadley Circulation since the late 1970s, which is not inconsistent with recent assessments. However, over centennial timescales (1871–2008), the Hadley Circulation shows a tendency towards a more intense and narrower state. More importantly, the width of the Hadley Circulation might have not yet completed a life-cycle since 1871. The strength and width of the Hadley Circulation during the late 19th to early 20th century show strong natural variability, exceeding variability that coincides with global warming in recent decades. These findings raise the question of whether the recent change in the Hadley Circulation is primarily attributed to greenhouse warming or to a long-period oscillation of the Hadley Circulation – substantially longer than that observed in previous studies.

scholarly journals Lviv as the cradle of Polish independence organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-545
Author(s):  
Janusz Zuziak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Lviv occupies a special place in the history of Poland. With its heroic history, it has earned the exceptionally honorable name of a city that has always been faithful to the homeland. SEMPER FIDELIS – always faithful. Marshal Józef Piłsudski sealed that title while decorating the city with the Order of Virtuti Militari in 1920. The past of Lviv, the always smoldering and uncompromising Polish revolutionist spirit, the climate, and the atmosphere that prevailed in it created the right conditions for making it the center of thought and independence movement in the early 20th century. In the early twentieth century, Polish independence organizations of various political orientations were established, from the ranks of which came legions of prominent Polish politicians and military and social activists.

A North American Historical Review of Three-Axle Freight Trucks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Shust ◽  
Michael M. Palmieri
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Historical Review ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Freight Trucks

Abstract At first glance, it seems appealing to suggest additional wheelsets under a given railcar type. From the track’s viewpoint, and in a simplistic analysis, trading a particular car’s four-axles for the use of six should allow half again more car weight. This paper will examine efforts to test this concept over the past century. Indeed, the railway marketplace has investigated the three-axle truck in both the freight and passenger car arenas multiple times over the past century. Except in heavy-duty flatcars, the record shows that each implementation has proven to be only temporary. In general, three-axle freight trucks were developed for use with steam locomotive tenders in the early 20th century. These designs were then adapted to other car types over several decades, involving thousands of individual cars. Today, three-axle trucks are nearly extinct. This paper will address the history and status of three-axle freight trucks (or bogies) as used in North American railcar operations. Various past 20th-century applications will be discussed. International efforts will be reviewed as well. The very limited and remaining current usage of three-axle trucks is also discussed.

scholarly journals Kalendarze z kolekcji Ignacego Wolskiego w zbiorach Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 223-255
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Lubera
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
National Museum ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Time

A small but valuable collection of calendars was donated to the National Museum in Krakow in 1896, 1898 and 1906 by Ignacy Wolski, a Warsaw bibliophile. In the article an overview of these publications is given for the first time. The donation consists of calendars diverse in form and content, published from the end of the 18th century to the early 20th century. Only ten of them were found during the research in the Museum. Most of the preserved calendars was marked with characteristic provenance stamps or stickers;a part of them has some historical notes written by Wolski. They are a great testimony of the past. Wolski’s motifs and idea behind collecting calendars and leaving these publications for future generations in the Museum were also presented in the article.

scholarly journals Impacts of Historical Pandemics on India: Through the Lens of 20th Century Hindi Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-314
Author(s):  
Prachi Priyanka
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Hindi Literature ◽  
The Ganges

India has been swept by pandemics of plague, influenza, smallpox, cholera and other diseases. The scale and impact of these events was often cataclysmic and writers offered a glimpse into the everyday life of ordinary people who lost their lives and livelihoods and suffered the angst and trauma of mental, physical and emotional loss. This paper focuses on the devastation caused by pandemics especially in the Ganges deltaic plains of India. Through selected texts of 20th century Hindi writers – Munshi Premchand, Phanishwar Nath Renu, Suryakant Tripathi Nirala, Bhagwan Das, Harishankar Parsai, Pandey Bechan Sharma – this paper aims to bring forth the suffering and struggles against violence, social injustices and public health crises in India during waves of epidemics and pandemics when millions died as they tried to combat the rampant diseases.

scholarly journals Puisi Arab Bersajak karya Zaini-Solo; Kajian Pedagogi Islam-Modern dalam Manuskrip Nusantara

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-378
Author(s):  
Iin Suryaningsih
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Textual Criticism ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Western Education ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Theme

The presence of various modern pedagogical currents carried by the psychologists and observers of Western education, has made a new mapping in the study of modern education in Indonesia. Indeed the study has been popular since the early 20th century AD with a very specific theme evidenced by one of the manuscripts entitled Mir'ātu Afkār al-Rijāl Nadzm Ta'līm al-Muta'līm by a scholar from Solo-Indonesia. This study proves that the content of Modern Pedagogy study by a scholar in Indonesia looks very specific and holistic. The method used is a method of philology that includes textual criticism in manuscripts. This method will also capture the superiority of the study of Archipelago Pedagogy written with Arabic script. The results of this study that the study of Modern Pedagogy can be clearly found in the traces of the history of the past in the archipelago of Manuscript.---Hadirnya berbagai aliran pedagogi modern yang diusung oleh para psikolog dan pemerhati pendidikan Barat, telah membuat pemetaan baru dalam kajian ilmu pendidikan modern di Indonesia. Sejatinya kajian tersebut sudah populer sejak awal abad 20 Masehi dengan tema yang sangat spesifik yang dibuktikan oleh salah satu manuskrip berjudul  Mir’ātu Afkār al-Rijāl Nadzm Ta’līm al-Muta’līm karya seorang cendikia asal Solo-indonesia. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa muatan kajian Pedagogi Modern karya cendikia di Indonesia terlihat sangat spesifik dan holistik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode filologi yang mencakup kritik teks pada manuskrip. Metode ini juga akan memotret keunggulan kajian Pedagogi Nusantara yang ditulis dengan skrip Arab. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa kajian Pedagogi Modern secara nyata dapat kita temukan dalam jejak sejarah keilmuan masa lalu di Nusantara berupa Manuskrip.

scholarly journals Unrealism in russian prose of early 20th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Elena V. Astashchenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Second Person ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Imperative Mood

  The aim of the article is to analyze the multilevel manifestation of the text modality - from grammatical to aesthetic and build a general concept of unrealism as a peripheral, but permanent, constant of the modernist era. However, the ubiquity and dominant delimitation, necessary of structures with conjunctions of unreal comparison, with the predominance of those derived from future forms over those derived from the imperfect, also serves to strengthen the independence of the artwork from social pressure. Subsequently, the characteristic structures of modernity, analogous to the European "future in the past", building an alternative reality, are supplanted by the imperative mood of the second person, with the illocutionary act of calling for a change in the existing reality, in the primitive vanguard and the third person with the "pust" particle [let] in the middle of the 20th century, gradually degenerating into the imperative mood with the "puskai" particle [May], whose motivating pathos is extremely low.  

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