Phytochemical analysis of therapeutic plants occurring in Dera Ismail Khan Region

Plants contain different types of bio-active compounds that can be used to cure many diseases and also they can cure against many infectious diseases. These compounds are known as phytochemicals they may be primary or secondary constituents. Primary constituents have proteins, sugar, amino acids. Secondary constituents contain terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. These compounds have antifungal as well as antibacterial activities.In this study different plants that are commonly found in Dera Ismail Khan region was investigated for phytochemical analysis, These plants were Acacia Nilotica, Luffa Cylindrical, Morus Nigra, Morus Alba, Punica Granatum and Psidium Guava commonly available in Dera Ismail khan region of Pakistan. Leaves, flower and fruits were washed, dried in air and ground to powdered. Aqueous extracts of leaves, flower and fruits were used for phytochemical analysis. All the parts were rich in phytochemicals i.e. terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids and steroids, etc. The phytochemical analysis has a great interest in pharmaceutical industries for new drugs and for curing different diseases. These phytochemicals found in this study can be used for curing different diseases.

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Comparative Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Allergic Food Samples

Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research ◽

10.18805/ajdfr.dr-1491 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M. Bhattacharya ◽

N. Mitra

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Research Work ◽

Total Content ◽

Food Samples ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolites

Allergy is one of the most common diseases across the globe. Despite several efforts being made, incident of allergy is continuously rising. Among the several causes, food is one of the most important reasons of allergy. In the present study, we used seven allergic food products Arachishypogaea (peanut), Glycine max (soy), Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Avena sativa (oats), Solanummelongena L.(eggplant), Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli) and Allium cepa (onion). Phytochemical analysis of aqueous extracts of these seven samples was done in the laboratory. Phytochemical analysis consists of assessment of primary and secondary metabolites. Primary constituents consist of free amino acids, polysaccharides, protein and chlorophyll. The main objective of the research work was to check the total content of polysaccharide and free amino acids in the selected samples.

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Phytochemical analysis and antiproliferative properties of Pistacia atlantica leaves

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v11i6-s.5209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6-S) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Fatiha Benahmed ◽

Elazhari Mehrab ◽

Omar Kharoubi

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Mtt Assay ◽

Human Tumor ◽

New Drugs ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Pistacia Atlantica ◽

Kaempferol Glycoside

The medicinal plants may serve as potential sources for the development of new drugs and more effective anticancer agents for future therapy. Pistacia atlantica (Vahl.) Masters (Anacardiaceae) is an important plant used in traditional medicine practice in Algeria, and North Africa countries. The present study has the objective to estimate the in vitro antiproliferative (on the RD and Hep2 human tumor cell lines using the3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay) properties of the aqueous extracts of P. atlantica leaves, offering a phytochemical characterization of its aqueous extracts, by spectrophotometry methods. evealed by HPLC, phenolic compounds present among the five different flavonoids identified such as: ((epi)catechin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol glycoside derivatives). The MTT assay revealed that the tested extract had a good activity against Hep2 and RD cell lines with median inhibitory concentration (GI50)> 1000 μg/mL against Hep2 and (IC50) = 825,079 μg/mL against RD, (GI 50). The results showed a great bioactive potential for this species with a significant contribution of phenolic compounds, specially the flavonoids which makes it an interesting matrix in the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations. Planned future studies will involve the identification of different extract other than aqueous extract, determination of the mechanisms of action and the bioactive molecule of plant extracts. Keywords: Pistacia atlantica; aqueous extract; antiproliferative; MTT, HPLC.

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Methionine-Specific Staining of Collagen

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010005408x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 294-295

Author(s):

E.M. Kuhn ◽

K.D. Marenus ◽

M. Beer

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Collagen Fibers ◽

Type Iii Collagen ◽

Type I ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Good Correspondence ◽

Specific Staining ◽

Type Iii ◽

Different Types ◽

Sulfur Containing

Fibers composed of different types of collagen cannot be differentiated by conventional electron microscopic stains. We are developing staining procedures aimed at identifying collagen fibers of different types.Pt(Gly-L-Met)Cl binds specifically to sulfur-containing amino acids. Different collagens have methionine (met) residues at somewhat different positions. A good correspondence has been reported between known met positions and Pt(GLM) bands in rat Type I SLS (collagen aggregates in which molecules lie adjacent to each other in exact register). We have confirmed this relationship in Type III collagen SLS (Fig. 1).

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Phytochemical and Psychotropic Research of Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) Modified Dry Extracts

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 230

Author(s):

Oleh Koshovyi ◽

Ain Raal ◽

Igor Kireyev ◽

Nadiya Tryshchuk ◽

Tetiana Ilina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽

Psychotropic Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phenolic Substances ◽

Leonurus Cardiaca

The prospect of creating a new medicine with psychotropic activity is shown as a result of studying the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of modified dry extracts of motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) tincture. The most promising substances were the dry extracts, modified by adding small amounts of arginine, valine, phenylalanine, glycine, lysine, and alanine. A total of 15 main phenolic substances were found in the extracts, and eight of them were identified. There were also 10 hydroxycinnamic acids in these extracts, three of which were identified (chlorogenic, caffeic, and rosmarinic acids). The dominant hydroxycinnamic acids were chlorogenic and caffeic acids. Among flavonoids, catechin, hyperoside, and rutin were identified. It should be noted that the extracts had a significant content of ellagic acid. On the basis of the results of the phytochemical analysis of the extracts, it can be concluded that the composition of phenolic compounds does not differ significantly, and the main differences are related to amino acids, which obviously have an impact on the overall pharmacological effect. The results obtained indicate the presence of anxiolytic activity in the motherwort extracts studied in complex with amino acids. The extracts with glycine, valine, and arginine were more effective in reducing anxiety in animals.

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Suitability of sugar, amino acid, and inorganic ion compositions to distinguish fir and spruce honey

European Food Research and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00217-020-03671-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Basel Shaaban ◽

Victoria Seeburger ◽

Annette Schroeder ◽

Gertrud Lohaus

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Picea Abies ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Scale Insects ◽

Inorganic Ion ◽

Plant Feeding ◽

Different Types

AbstractHoneydew honey is produced by bees from excretions of plant-feeding insects, such as aphids and scale insects. Honeydew on conifers, like fir (Abies alba) or spruce (Picea abies), is produced by different species of the genera Cinara and Physokermes. This means that honeydew honey can stem from different botanical as well as zoological origins, but so far it is not possible to clearly distinguish the different types of honeys. In the attempt to identify distinguishing markers, 19 sugars, 25 amino acids and 9 inorganic ions were quantified in three groups of honeydew honey (fir/Cinara, spruce/Cinara and spruce/Physokermes) with 20 honey samples each. It could be demonstrated that the contents of isomaltose, raffinose, erlose, two undefined oligosaccharides, several amino acids, sulfate, and phosphate differed significantly between the three groups of honey. Furthermore, multivariate analyses resulted in a separation of spruce/Physokermes honey from spruce- or fir/Cinara honey due to its higher contents of phosphate, sulfate, erlose and two undefined oligosaccharides. Moreover, the amino acid composition and the isomaltose as well as the raffinose contents proved useful in the distinction between fir/Cinara and spruce/Cinara honey. In sum, the contents of sugars, amino acids, and inorganic ions in German fir and spruce honeys provide useful information about the botanical and zoological origin of honeydew honeys.

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Lights and Shadows in Immuno-Oncology Drug Development

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13040691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 691

Author(s):

Milana Bergamino Sirvén ◽

Sonia Pernas ◽

Maggie C. U. Cheang

Keyword(s):

Drug Development ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Late Phase ◽

New Drugs ◽

Successful Outcome ◽

Different Types ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Clinical Trial Designs ◽

Oncology Drug Development ◽

Critical Aspects

The rapidly evolving landscape of immuno-oncology (IO) is redefining the treatment of a number of cancer types. IO treatments are becoming increasingly complex, with different types of drugs emerging beyond checkpoint inhibitors. However, many of the new drugs either do not progress from phase I-II clinical trials or even fail in late-phase trials. We have identified at least five areas in the development of promising IO treatments that should be redefined for more efficient designs and accelerated approvals. Here we review those critical aspects of IO drug development that could be optimized for more successful outcome rates in all cancer types. It is important to focus our efforts on the mechanisms of action, types of response and adverse events of these novel agents. The use of appropriate clinical trial designs with robust biomarkers of response and surrogate endpoints will undoubtedly facilitate the development and subsequent approval of these drugs. Further research is also needed to establish biomarker-driven strategies to select which patients may benefit from immunotherapy and identify potential mechanisms of resistance.

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Flare phenomenon in prostate cancer: recent evidence on new drugs and next generation imaging

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology ◽

10.1177/1758835920987654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 175883592098765

Author(s):

Vincenza Conteduca ◽

Giulia Poti ◽

Paola Caroli ◽

Sabino Russi ◽

Nicole Brighi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Response Assessment ◽

New Drugs ◽

Biological Mechanisms ◽

Early Discontinuation ◽

Flare Phenomenon ◽

Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽

Different Types ◽

Treatment Response Assessment ◽

New Evidence

Over the years, an increasing proportion of metastatic prostate cancer patients has been found to experience an initial bone flare phenomenon under both standard therapies (androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, abiraterone, enzalutamide) and novel agents (immunotherapy, bone-targeting radioisotopes). The underlying biological mechanisms of the flare phenomenon are still elusive and need further clarification, particularly in relation to different types of treatment and their treatment response assessment. Flare phenomenon is often underestimated and, in some cases, can negatively affect clinical outcome. In cases with suspected bone flare, the treatment should be continued for a minimum of 12 more weeks before further decisions about efficacy can be taken. Physicians and patients should be aware of this effect to avoid unwarranted anxiety and inadequate early discontinuation of treatment. This review aims at highlighting new evidence on flare phenomenon arising after the introduction of new drugs extending across the biochemical, radiographic and clinical spectrum of the disease.

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