Phytochemical Composition, Antimicrobial Effect of Azadirachta indica and Carica papaya Extracts on Fungi Isolated From Gmelina arborea Seedling

Gmelina arborea Roxb has important economic value in Nigeria and worldwide. It has been used as timber, for pulp and paper, furniture, plywood and for particle board. Due to the menace caused by fungal diseases in nurseries and sites where the seedlings are raised and the observed disease severity at the Awi Gmelina Forestry Project Nursery in Cross River State, Nigeria. It became necessary to provide a viable environmentally friendly measure to curb the diseases, hence, a trial on the antifungal effects of leaf extracts of Carica papaya and Azadirachta indica in-vitro using different extract solvents on some pathogenic fungi isolated from Gmelina arborea seedlings. The isolated fungi were Trichoderma viride (from stem and leaf) and Mucor mucedo (stem and leaf). The solvents used were ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, chloroform and distilled water. Phytochemical screening of extracts of C. papaya from the different solvents showed that there was no tannin and hydroxymethyl anthraquinine. Flavonoids and polyphenols were in excess in acetone and methanol extracts respectively. For A. indica, polyphenols were only found in excess in ethanol and methanol extracts. Application of the extracts at different percentages of 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% showed that Carica papaya extracted with butanol was more potent on Trichoderma viride and Mucor mucedo at 60%, 70%, 80% and 100% while the growth of Trichoderma viride and Mucor mucedo was checked by butanol extracts of A. indica at 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. Conclusively, butanol extracts of C. papaya and A. indica at higher concentrations is recommended for use as spray to control the diseases.

Download Full-text

Effects of botanicals against anthracnose and blight diseases of Houttuynia cordata Thunb

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Science ◽

10.3329/jasbs.v42i1.31749 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 41-48

Author(s):

Trisha Saha ◽

Shamim Shamsi

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Tagetes Erecta ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Houttuynia Cordata ◽

Datura Metel ◽

Houttuynia Cordata Thunb

Anthracnose and blight were recorded on Houttuynia cordata Thunb. during April 2013 to December 2013. The isolated fungi from the symptomatic plants were identified as Alterneria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (Penz.) Sacc. Ethanol leaf extracts of five plants viz.,Azadirachta indica L., Citrus limon L., Datura metel L., Sennaalata L. and Tagetes erecta L.were evaluated against the pathogenic fungi A. alternata and C. gloeosporoides at 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations in vitro. A. indica recorded as good inhibitor against the test fungi followed by C. limon, S. alata, D. metel and T.erecta. In vivo treatment also showed that A.indica is the most effective in controlling diseases at 10% concentration. The plants treated with A. indica were fresh and healthy up to one month of observation.J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 42(1): 41-48, June 2016

Download Full-text

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research ◽

10.24896/eijppr.2016616 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽

Paolo Robert Bueno ◽

Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽

Richard Macapulay ◽

Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Uv Light ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Salivary Amylase ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

Download Full-text

Antiparasitic potentiality of ethanol and methanol extracts of Azadirachta indica leaf for eggs and copepodid stage of Argulus japonicus: in vitro study

Journal of Parasitic Diseases ◽

10.1007/s12639-021-01355-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pushpa Kumari ◽

Saurav Kumar ◽

Ashutosh D. Deo ◽

K. V. Rajendran ◽

R. P. Raman

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Copepodid Stage

Download Full-text

In vitro erythrocyte membrane stabilization properties of Carica papaya L. leaf extracts

Pharmacognosy Research ◽

10.4103/0974-8490.102261 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 196 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Priyanga Ranasinghe ◽

Pathmasiri Ranasinghe ◽

GA Sirimal Premakumara ◽

YashasviS Perera ◽

WP Kaushalya M. Abeysekera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Erythrocyte Membrane ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Membrane Stabilization ◽

Leaf Extracts

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Conyza bonariensis Leaf Extracts against Clinically Isolated Fungi Causing Superficial Infection

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/6367449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yidnekachew Girma ◽

Tamene Milkessa Jiru

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Considerable Effect ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Superficial Infection ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Conyza Bonariensis

Plants have been used since long time ago to treat infectious diseases and are considered as important sources of new antimicrobial agents. In this study, crude extracts from leaves of Conyza bonariensis were prepared using methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroform. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against pathogenic fungi causing superficial infection (Candida albicans, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia furfur). Results demonstrated that all extracts had different effects against all the tested fungi with the exception of crude extract using hexane which did not show any effect against M. furfur. A strong effect was observed with chloroform and hexane extracts on C. albicans (32.60 ± 4.69 mm and 27.00 ± 1.00 mm), respectively. While, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed the best effect against M. furfur (30.80 ± 1.71 mm and 27.00 ± 1.00 mm), respectively. Moreover, the ethyl acetate showed a considerable effect on M. globosa (25.03 ± 1.05 mm). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fractions was also determined by the microbroth dilution method. The results recorded as the MIC values of the tested extracts against fungi varied from 0.19 ± 0.00 to 66.66 ± 2.86 mg/mL. Ethyl acetate was the best and powerful extract with the lowest MIC value of 0.190.19 ± 0.00 mg/mL for all tested fungi followed by chloroform and methanol extracts with the MIC values ranging from 0.19 ± 0.00 to 0.78 ± 0.00 mg/mL and 0.84 ± 0.68 to 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. Concerning minimum bactericidal concentration (MFC), ethyl acetate was the most potent extract with a MFC value of 0.190.19 ± 0.00 mg/mL for C. albicans and M. furfur. Higher (0.39 mg/mL) MFC was recorded against M. globosa by this extract. In conclusion, solvent extracts of some C. bonariensis can be used to treat infections with pathogenic fungi such as C. albicans, M. furfur, and M. globosa. Further studies should consider this plant as one of the best candidates for the discovery of potent antimicrobial compounds that treat superficial infections.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Assessment of Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma Viride and Trichoderma Harzianum Against Pathogenic Fungi

Indian Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.15373/2249555x/may2013/15 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 57-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shaikh Farah T Shaikh Farah T ◽

◽

Sahera Nasreen

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

In Vitro Assessment

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Abietinella abietina, Neckera crispa, Platyhypnidium riparoides, Cratoneuron filicinum and Campylium protensum mosses

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1203911b ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 911-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Danka Bukvicki ◽

M. Veljic ◽

Marina Sokovic ◽

Slavica Grujic ◽

P.D. Marin

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽

Moss Species ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

The antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanol extracts of the genuine mosses Abietinella abietina, Neckera crispa, Platyhypnidium riparoides, Cratoneuron filicinum var. filicinum and Campylium protensum were evaluated. Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram (+) Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus cereus and Gram (-) bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Antifungal activity was tested using micromycetes Trichoderma viride, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium ochrochloron, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and A. fumigatus. The methanol extracts of all moss species showed an antimicrobial effect against the tested microorganisms. Significant antibacterial effect was achieved for Cratoneuron filicinum and Neckera crispa. The most sensitive bacteria were Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus flavus. Abietinella abietina and Neckera crispa showed an antifungal effect against micromycetes Trichoderma viride, Penicillium ochrachloron, P. funiculosum and Aspergillus flavus.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Composition and Antifungal Properties of Leaf Secondary Metabolites from Thirteen Cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24234202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (23) ◽

pp. 4202 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Huanhuan Xue ◽

Yifan Jiang ◽

Hongwei Zhao ◽

Tobias G. Köllner ◽

Sumei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antifungal Properties ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat is an ornamental plant of worldwide cultivation. Like many other species in the family Asteraceae, C. morifolium is a rich producer of secondary metabolites. There are two objectives in this study: (I) to determine and compare the diversity of apolar secondary metabolites among different cultivars of C. morifolium and (II) to compare their properties as antifungal agents. To attain these objectives, we selected 13 cultivars of C. morifolium that are commonly used for making chrysanthemum tea as experimental materials. Leaves at the same developmental stage were collected from respective mature plants and subjected to organic extraction. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 37 apolar secondary metabolites including 26 terpenoids were detected from the 13 cultivars. These 13 cultivars can be largely divided into three chemotypes based on chemical principal components analysis. Next, the extracts from the 13 cultivars were examined in in vitro assays for their antifungal properties against three species of pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahliae. Significant variability in antifungal activity of the leaf extracts among different cultivars was observed. The 13 cultivars can be divided into four groups based on their antifungal activities, which could be partly correlated to the contents of terpenoids. In short, this study reveals large variations in chemical composition, particularly of terpenoids, of leaf secondary metabolites among different cultivars of C. morifolium and their different abilities in functioning as antifungal agents.

Download Full-text