scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STABILIZATION OF EXPANSIVE SOIL USING THE MIXTURE OF MARBLE DUST, RICE HUSK ASH AND CEMENT FOR SUB-GRADE ROAD CONSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF WOLDIA TOWN

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Fentaw ◽  
Esayas Alemayehu ◽  
Anteneh Geremew
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
Free Swell Index

Understanding the behavior of expansive soil and adopting the appropriate control measures should be great for civil engineers. Extensive research has been going on to find the solutions associated with problems of expansive soils. There have been many methods available to control the expansiveness of these soils. The removal of expansive soils and replacement with suitable material has been widely practiced worldwide. Reasonable material is available within economic distances; however, suitable materials is not readily an available in urban areas for borrowing, which has to be hauled from a long distance. Instead of borrowing suitable soil from a long distance away, after stabilization with cost effective and readily available industrial and agricultural waste materials, it is economical to use locally available plastic soil. Such wastage products are also used to minimize environmental hazards such as CO2 in the atmosphere to minimize the percentage of industrial products used for stabilization, such as cement. Marble dust (MD), an industrial waste product, Rice husk ash (RHA), agricultural waste products, and cement are industrial products in this present study. The general objective of study was to examine the effects of poor subgrade soil stabilization using the mixture of MD, RHA and cement to enhance sub-standard soil engineering properties to be used as subgrade materials. Moisture content, Atterberg limits, grain size analysis, soil classification, free swell index, basic gravity, compaction (maximum dry density, optimum moisture content) and CBR value test have been calculated in this analysis. The design of the analysis followed by the experimental method of study were adopted, which started with sample selection. A disturbed samples was collected from the pit at a depth of 1.5 m to 2m from ground level in order to avoid the inclusion of organic matter by considering the free swell index value and observation was considered. The chemical analysis of MD and RHA was conducted in laboratory and the main oxides are (SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3) were 70.13% for RHA and 42.43% for MD. The RHA chemical properties satisfy the requirement, while MD did not meet the requirement of ASTM C 618. The Gomata Teachers’ Condominium (GTC) soil sample laboratory result have 42.72% plastic index (PI), 85% free swell index and its CBR value of 2.265%. The Millennium Secondary school (MSS) soil sample has a 48.79% PI, 87% free swell index and 2.121% CBR value. Therefore this soil samples are highly expansive were checked before any stabilizations process based on  their plasticity index and CBR value based on standard specification requirement , then stabilization was achieved by stabilization by proposed (0,8MD,6MD+2C,4MD+4C,2MD+6C,8C,6MD+2RHA, 4MD+4RHA, 2MD+6RHA,8RHA,6RHA+2C,4RHA+4C,2RHA+6C,2MD+2RHA+4C,4MD+2RHA+2C, 2MD+4RHA+2C) proportion. Then LL, PI, OMC, and CBR decreased as the cement ratio increased, while PL, MDD and CBR value increases instead of MD and RHA increases, however, as MD and RHA increase, the quantity of cement decreases. The laboratory outcome was compared with the requirement of Ethiopian road authority standard, ASTM and AASHTO. Based on this study all mixing stabilizers (MD-cement, RHA-cement, MD-RHA, MD-RHA-cement) and 8% of RHA and cement fulfill the ERA standard specification requirements for its CBR swell value. However, 8% of marble dust alone does not fulfill the Ethiopia road authority requirements for CBR swell. The MD and RHA standalone does not improving some of the engineering properties of soil samples used for subgrade construction. However, they mixed with different percentages of cement can effectively stabilizer for this expansive soil for road sub-grade construction.

Effect of chemical stabilisation on index and engineering properties of a remoulded expansive soil

2021 ◽  
pp. qjegh2020-142
Author(s):  
E. Ramanjaneya Raju ◽  
B. R. Phanikumar ◽  
M. Heeralal
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Compaction Characteristics ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Furnace Slag

This note presents the effect of lime, cement, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on free swell index (FSI), liquid limit (LL), plasticity index (PI), compaction characteristics, hydraulic conductivity (k) and strength characteristics of an expansive soil. The effect of the above chemicals on California bearing ratio (CBR) was also presented. Lime content was varied as 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 6% and the amounts of other additives were varied as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by dry weight of the soil. FSI, LL and PI decreased significantly with increasing additive contents. Compaction characteristics also improved with increasing additive contents. Strength characteristics showed improvement at higher additive contents especially at higher curing periods. CBR (determined in soaked condition) also increased significantly with increasing additive contents.

scholarly journals Using Fine Silica Sand and Granite Powder Waste to Control Free Swelling Behavior of High Expansive Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Manal O. Suliman ◽  
Abdulrazzaq Jawish Alkherret
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Granite Powder

Many researchers have been interested in studying the effect of adding local natural materials or construction waste on the properties of poor subgrade soil. However, changes in size and strength of expansive soils can cause extensive damage to the geotechnical infrastructure. This damage is often repeatable and latent in the long term, and is a critical issue in highway subgrade engineering. This paper examines the effect of adding both Fine Silica Sand (FSS) and Granite Cutting Powder Waste (GPW) materials on the welling characteristics of expansive soils. Atterberg limits, free swell index, and rate of swell of the mixtures were used as a key to assess properties of a group of expansive soil samples after adding different percentages of the mentioned materials. The rates of additions were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60 and 70% of the weight of the soil samples. The test results showed that FSS and GPW significantly affect the expansive soil properties. However, adding 70% of both FSS and GPW reduced the swelling index from 58.3% to 6.6% and from 58.3% to 11% after 7 days of curing, respectively. This study suggests that the Fine Silica Sand and Granite Powder Waste can be used as stabilizers for expansive highly plastic soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Marble Dust & Rice Husk Ash to Stabilize Expansive Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 5102-5106
Author(s):  
Shreya Ambagade
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
The Many ◽  
Construction Works ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Soil Stabilization is the alteration of soils to enhance their physical properties. Stabilization can increase the shear strength of a soil and/or control the shrink-swell properties of a soil, thus improving the load bearing capacity of a sub-grade to support pavements and foundations. The Engineering Properties of soil are depended on the many points like minerals, water table, soil water behaviour etc. which vary as per area to area. Due to which we can’t get desire properties suitable to our needs of construction. To resolve this problem, we have technique called stabilization which means to stable or to modify or to improve the soil properties in positive manner. So, we can have a construction works which fulfil our needs and objective.

scholarly journals Engineering Properties of Bentonite Stabilized with Lime and Phosphogypsum

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujeet Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Dutta ◽  
Bijayananda Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Dry Unit Weight ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Free Swell Index

Abstract Engineering properties such as compaction, unconfined compressive strength, consistency limits, percentage swell, free swell index, the California bearing ratio and the consolidation of bentonite stabilized with lime and phosphogypsum are presented in this paper. The content of the lime and phosphogypsum varied from 0 to 10 %. The results reveal that the dry unit weight and optimum moisture content of bentonite + 8 % lime increased with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum. The percentage of swell increased and the free swell index decreased with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum to the bentonite + 8 % lime mix. The unconfined compressive strength of the bentonite + 8 % lime increased with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum as well as an increase in the curing period up to 14 days. The liquid limit and plastic limit of the bentonite + 8 % lime increased, whereas the plasticity index remained constant with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum. The California bearing ratio, modulus of subgrade reaction, and secant modulus increased for the bentonite stabilized with lime and phosphogypsum. The coefficient of the consolidation of the bentonite increased with the addition of 8 % lime and no change with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum.

scholarly journals Strength, Hydraulic, and Microstructural Characteristics of Expansive Soils Incorporating Marble Dust and Rice Husk Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Fazal E. Jalal ◽  
Sultani Mulk ◽  
Shazim Ali Memon ◽  
Babak Jamhiri ◽  
Ahsan Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Preconsolidation Pressure ◽  
Marble Dust

Expansive/swell-shrink soils exhibit high plasticity and low strength, which lead to settlement and instability of lightly loaded structures. These problematic soils contain various swelling clay minerals that are unsuitable for engineering requirements. In an attempt to counter the treacherous damage of such soils in modern geotechnical engineering, efforts are underway to utilize environmentally friendly and sustainable waste materials as stabilizers. This study evaluates the strength and consolidation characteristics of expansive soils treated with marble dust (MD) and rice husk ash (RHA) through a multitude of laboratory tests, including consistency limits, compaction, uniaxial compression strength (UCS), and consolidation tests. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, the effect of curing on UCS after 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days was studied from the standpoint of microstructural changes. Also, the long-term strength development of treated soils was analyzed in terms of the interactive response of impacting factors with the assistance of a series of ANN-based sensitivity analyses. It is found from the results that the addition of MD and RHA lowered down the water holding capacity, thereby causing a reduction in soil plasticity (by 21% for MD and 14.5% for RHA) and optimum water content (by 2% for MD and increased by 6% for RHA) along with an increase in the UCS (for 8% MD from 97 kPa to 471 kPa and for 10% RHA from 211 kPa to 665 kPa, after 3 days and 112 days of curing, respectively). Moreover, from the oedometer test results, m v initially increased up to 6% dosage and then dropped with further increase in the preconsolidation pressure. Furthermore, the compression index dropped with an increase in the preconsolidation pressure and addition of MD/RHA, while the coefficient of permeability (k) of RHA stabilized soil was higher than that of MD-treated samples for almost all dosage levels. The formation of the fibrous cementitious compounds (C-S-H; C-A-H) increased at optimum additive dosage after 7 days and at higher curing periods. Hence, the use of 10% RHA and 12% MD as replacement of the expansive soil is recommended for higher efficacy. This research would be helpful in reducing the impacts created by the disposal of both expansive soil and industrial and agricultural waste materials.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STABILIZED EXPANSIVE SOIL USING PUMICE MIXED WITH LIME FOR SUBGRADE ROAD CONSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Robel Tewelde Mesfun ◽  
Emer Tucay Quezon ◽  
Anteneh Geremew
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Organic Impurities ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Road Projects

Unsuitable soil materials along the alignment of road projects have a significant influence on planning, design, construction, and maintenance. Expansive soils are susceptible to considerable volume changes due to seasonal variations and moisture content. Most soils found in Jimma and Ambo Zones composed of plastic clay soil, causing severe damage at the intermittent of pavement sections. This research study conducted laboratory investigation considering combinations of materials blended to stabilize the expansive soil for subgrade construction. An experimental type of study performed which started by collecting specimens. Two clayey soil specimens considered to test the free swell index obtained from a depth of 1.5m to remove the organic impurities. Results indicated the chemical analysis of pumice contained 82.68%, while its physical properties of the test of fineness specific surface and residue on 45 microns showed 3770 cm2/gm and 30%, respectively. As the lime content increased, the CBR strength also increased. But, if the percent content of lime decreased with an increasing pumice content, the CBR value did not show any significant increase. Both the chemical and physical properties satisfied the requirements according to ASTM C-618. Hence, this experiment obtained 7% lime + 3% pumice as an optimum mix ratio to stabilize expansive soils.

scholarly journals Prediction of FSI Value by using Hyperbola Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4899-4903
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Problematic Soils ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Free Swell Index

Expansive soils are problematic soils due to their swelling nature, pose a major threat to most of the civil engineering structures. So, in order to avoid damage of structures free swell index test is conducted before the structure is built. In this paper an attempt has been made, to predict the free swell index of different expansive soils before 24 hours by using Hyperbola method. Samples are collected from 4 different areas from Telangana region. Free swell index test is conducted and the sediments in distilled water are noted by taking readings at particular time intervals depending on rate of fall of sediments for different soils. By considering initial sediment values from the obtained values, final value is predicted by using Hyperbola method. FSI is calculated by considering the predicted sediment value in distilled water to the sediment value in kerosene. Thus it is observed that predicted values and the final values in 24 hours are almost similar and hence it can be concluded that by using Hyperbola method we can terminate the experiments before the equilibrium is attained

scholarly journals Research on Wetting-Drying Cycles’ Effect on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Improved by OTAC-KCl

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-tian Wang ◽  
Can-hong Zhang ◽  
Xue-lian Qiu ◽  
En-yue Ji ◽  
Wen-hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cyclic Strength ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Free Swell

Expansive soil experiences periodic swelling and shrinkage during the alternate wet and dry environments, which will result in severe damage to the slope stability. In this study, a promising modifier OTAC-KCl is introduced, which has a good diffusivity and is soluble in water or other solvents easily. Firstly, a reasonable combination of ameliorant 0.3% STAC and 3% KCl is chosen referring to the free swell test. Then, the best curing period, 14 days, is gotten from UCS tests. The effect of wetting and drying cycles on engineering properties of expansive soil improved by OTAC-KCl admixtures after 14-day curing is also studied accordingly. Both treated and untreated expansive soil samples are prepared for the cyclic wetting-drying tests which mainly include cyclic swelling potential and cyclic strength tests. Experimental results show that the swelling potential of expansive soil samples stabilized with OTAC-KCl is suppressed efficiently, and the untreated soil specimens will collapse when immersed in water while the treated specimens keep in good conditions. Moreover, expansive soil samples modified with 0.3% OTAC + 3% KCl show enough durability on the swelling ability, shear strength, and unconfined compressive strength, which means, that both the physical and the mechanical properties of stabilized expansive soil have been improved effectively.

scholarly journals A Review on Expansive Soils Stabilized with Different Pozzolanic Materials

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Kalili ◽  
Ahmed S. Ali ◽  
Abbas J. Al-Taie
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Collapsible Soil ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pozzolanic Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Furnace Slag

Soils that cause effective damages to engineer structures (such as pavement and foundation) are called problematic or difficult soils (include collapsible soil, expansive soil, etc.). These damages occur due to poor or unfavorited engineering properties, such as low shear strength, high compressibility, high volume changes, etc. In the case of expansive soil, the problem of the shrink-swell phenomenon, when the soil reacts with water, is more pronounced. To overcome such problems, soils can be treated or stabilized with many stabilization ways (mechanical, chemical, etc.). Such ways can amend the unfavorited soil properties. In this review, the pozzolanic materials have been selected to be presented and discussed as chemical stabilizers. The selected pozzolanic materials are traditional, industrial, or byproducts, ashes of agricultural wastes, and calcined-clay types. They are lime, cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume, rice husk ash, sugarcane straw ash, egg ash, coconut husk ash, and metakaolin. In general, the stabilization of expansive soils with pozzolanic materials has an essential impact on swelling and Atterberg-limits and positively affects compaction and strength parameters. However, there is a wide range for the percentages of pozzolanic materials used as stabilizers. The content (15% to 20%) is the most ratios of the stabilizers used as an optimal percentage, and beyond this ratio, the addition of the pozzolanic materials produces an undesirable effect.

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