scholarly journals Effects of Different Diets on Population Growth of Cultured Cyclopoid Copepod, Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus, 1857)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chourpagar Atul R ◽  
Shaikh Rumana S
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Cyclopoid Copepod ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Small Copepod ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Mesocyclops Leuckarti

In recent times aquaculture has become an increasingly important part of the world economy. Copepods play major roles in pond ecosystems serving as food for small fish, micro-predators on fish and other organisms, fish parasites, intermediate hosts of fish parasites and hosts and vectors of human diseases like cholera. Growth, reproduction and biochemical composition were analyzed for the copepod Mesocyclops leuckarti fed on four diets and their ratio like Bakers yeast (B), Baker’s yeast+ Wheat flour (BW, 1:2), Bakers yeast + Chicken manure (BC, 1:2) and Bakers yeast + Chicken manure + Wheat flour (BCW, 1:2:2). The mean peak density of the copepod population was 569 individual/lit, for all four diets used. The highest was 587 individual/lit, on diet having combination of Bakers yeast, Chicken manure and Wheat flour (BCW). A small copepod Mesocyclops leuckarti tends to have a short life span and it was found to be important food items for fish larvae.

Development of Camallanus adamsi Bashirullah, 1974 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in cyclopoid copepods

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2055-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Bashirullah ◽  
Benazir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Mesocyclops Leuckarti

The larval development of Camallanus adamsi Bashirullah, 1974 was followed in intermediate hosts, Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus) and Thermocyclops crassus (Fischer), which were kept at 24 °C and 27 °C (average). The nematode molted twice in the haemocoel of copepods. The first molt occurred 117 h after infection at 24 °C and the second molt after 249 h. At 27 °C, the first and the second molts occurred 72 and 168 h respectively after the infection. Three larval stages are described.

The Life-history of a Marine Trematode, Hamacreadium Mutabile Linton, 1910

Parasitology ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver R. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
General Relationship ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Marine Snail ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gray Snapper

A cotylocercous cercaria occurring in the marine snail, Astraea americana, at Tortugas, Florida, was found to encyst in small fish as second intermediate hosts.Fish experimentally infested with the cysts were fed to the gray snapper, Neomaenis griseus, and adult worms developed in the intestine and pyloric caeca which were identified as Hamacreadium mutabile Linton, 1910, a member of the sub-family Allocreadiinae.A general relationship of the cotylocercous cercariae to the family Allocreadiidae is discussed.

scholarly journals Identification of some common food items in the guts of fish larvae and juveniles in the Black Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Vdodovich ◽  
A. N. Khanaychenko ◽  
A. D. Gubanova ◽  
E. A. Kolesnikova ◽  
L. O. Aganesova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Cyclopoid Copepod ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Larvae And Juveniles ◽  
Oithona Davisae ◽  
Chitin Fragments

Over the past decade the positive trends in the average annual number of fish larvae and in the copepod population dynamics in the coastal area of the Black Sea agree. The increased fish larvae abundance is hypothesized due to improvement of their nutrition associated with the drastic increase in number of introduced invasive cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae. This assumption is difficult to be verified through fish gut content analysis in absence of methodology allowing prey species identification from their fragmentary residual remnants. Our paper offers an original approach to identification of several common copepod prey using specific distinctive features detected on their chitin fragments from guts of fish larvae and juveniles. To identify specific features of the common species from the coastal areas off Sevastopol (Acartia tonsa, Oithona davisae, Longipedia sp., Cyclopina sp.), alive copepods were isolated from the samples and reared as monospecific cultures in laboratory. Images of alive copepods of each species at successive stages of development and their moulted exoskeletons were compared with the images of chitin remnants found in the fish guts. This technique discloses relatively intact specific morphological features remaining undigested in chitin fragments of prey. These species-specific taxonomic features are suggested to be used for trophic analysis of the Black Sea fishes at early stages of development. Application of proposed method is helpful for assessment of qualitative and quantitative composition of consumed prey and selectivity of fish, especially during the changes in zooplankton community structure affecting significantly survival of fish generations.

Life History Studies on Trematodes of the Subfamily Reniferinae

Parasitology ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Benton Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Remarkable Similarity ◽  
Physella Gyrina ◽  
Mother Sporocyst

1. The life histories of Lechriorchis primus Stafford, L. tygarti n.sp. and Caudorchis eurinus n.gen. et sp. have been experimentally completed in three hosts, the first complete life histories to be worked out for species of the subfamily Reniferinae.2. The definitive hosts of the three forms were found to be two species of garter snakes, Thamnophis sauritus and T. sirtalis.3. Three species of snails, Physella gyrina, P. parkeri, and P. ancillaria, have been found to serve as the first intermediate host in the life cycles of Lechriorchis primus and Caudorchis eurinus n.gen. et sp., and two species of snails, Physella gyrina and P. heterostropha, in the life cycle of Lechriorchis tygarti n.sp.4. The tadpoles of two species of frogs, Rana clamitans and R. pipiens, were found to serve as the second intermediate hosts in the life cycles of all three trematodes. The cercariae penetrate larvae of Triturus and small fish, but live only a short time in these animals.5. Every stage in the life history of Lechriorchis primus, including egg, miracidium, mother sporocyst, daughter sporocyst, cercaria, metacercaria, and developmental stages in the definitive host, has been described in detail.6. The mother sporocyst of forms having a stylet cercaria is described for the first time.7. The flame cell pattern of the cercariae of L. primus, L. tygarti n.sp., and Caudorchis eurinus n.gen. et sp. has been determined to be of the “2 × 6 × 3’ type. Also the adult stage of C. eurinus was determined to have the same type.8. It has been pointed out that the life histories of the members of the subfamily are uniform in that their life history stages display a remarkable similarity.9. It has been suggested that this uniform type of life cycle and remarkable similarity of larval stages offer the most logical basis for establishing the subfamily Reniferinae as a natural group.

scholarly journals ACANTHOCEPHALUS AND NEMATODES OF FISH IN WATER BODIES OF THE SYRDARYA RIVER MIDSTREAMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 529-533
Author(s):  
Safarova ◽  
Abduganiev ◽  
Akramova ◽  
Soatov ◽  
Akramov
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Acanthocephalus Lucii ◽  
First Time ◽  
Artificial Reservoirs

The features of the nematode and acanthocephalus fauna of Cypriniformes and Siluriformes fish, their distribution in the water bodies of the Syrdarya River midstream were studied. In total, 18 helminth species belonging to the classes Nematoda – (14 species) and Acantocephala – (4) are registered in the region. 7 species we marked for the first time for the region of under consideration.Studies were conducted of different types of water bodies of the Syrdarya river in 2016–2019 years. The collection and study of helminths of fish were carried out by known methods in helminthology and ichthyoparasitology. 1239 copies of Cypriniformes fish belonging to 15 species (Cyprinidae – 12 species, Cobitidae – 3) and 12 specimens of Siluriformes fishes from the families (Siluridae and Clariidae) were researched.According to preliminary data, 18 species of helminths belonging to the class Nematoda (14 species) and to the class Acantocephala (4 species) were found in the studied fish orders in the reservoirs of the region. Significant species diversity is characterized by the class Nematoda. We have registered 14 species belonging to 4 orders. The detachment Trichocephalida Skrjabin et Schulz, 1928 is represented by one species – Capillaria tomentosa Dujardin, 1843, which is noted in most Cypriniformes in the natural and artificial reservoirs of the northeast of Uzbekistan. The greatest species diversity is distinguished by the detachment Spirurida Chitwood, 1933. We noted 8 species. The remaining units are represented by 1–2 species – banal fish parasites. The findings of Dioctophyme renale Goeze, 1782 (larvae) in Cypriniformes in the studied region should be noted.The Acanthocephala class is represented by 4 species: Neoechinorhynchus rutileMüller, 1780, Pomphorhynchus laevis Müller, 1776, Acanthocephalus lucii Müller, 1776 and A. anguillae Müller, 1780. Nematodes are dominant. The results suggest that the most optimal conditions for the functioning of the corresponding helminth communities probably exist in the water bodies of the Syrdarya’s midstream. The abundance of a number of invertebrate groups, the inhabitants of aquatic ecosystems, which are intermediate hosts of parasites, the accumulation of waterbirds and mammals contribute to the irreversible circulation of helminths in aquatic cenoses of the study area. All this requires systematic monitoring of fish helminthiasis in order to develop preventive measures.

Characterization of diversity and community structure of small planktonic copepods in the Kuroshio region off Japan using a metabarcoding approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
J Hirai ◽  
K Yamazaki ◽  
K Hidaka ◽  
S Nagai ◽  
Y Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Kuroshio Current ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Small Copepod ◽  
The Kuroshio ◽  
Kuroshio Region

Small copepods are important prey for fish larvae in the Kuroshio region off southern Japan. However, revealing entire community structures of small copepods is difficult using conventional methods. We applied a metabarcoding method to size-fractionated community samples of epipelagic copepods (small: 0.1-0.5 mm, medium: 0.5-1.0 mm, and large: 1.0-2.0 mm). Samples were collected from 2013 to 2016 from the shoreward (Kuroshio Slope, KS) and oceanic (Kuroshio Gyre, KG) sides of the Kuroshio Current at 138° E; the results were compared with those in the center of the subtropical gyre (SG). The KS and KG sites showed both spatial differences and seasonal changes, with distinct differences between winter-spring and summer-autumn in each size-fractionated community. Water temperature markedly influenced copepod diversity and community structure, especially in the small size fraction. Warm-water species in the SG intruded into the Kuroshio regions during high-temperature periods, leading to high diversity in summer-autumn. Inter-annual environmental variations influenced by temperature and productivity were evident in KS, leading to clear changes in the sequence proportions of dominant small copepods including Paracalanus sp. and immature stages of the large copepod Calanus sinicus. Immature stages of medium/large copepods formed a substantial proportion of small-copepod communities in the Kuroshio regions (KS: 28.8%; KG: 24.7%; SG: 11.9%; based on average proportions of sequence reads). Because of their ecological importance and sensitivity to environmental changes, monitoring communities of small copepods with high taxonomic resolution may provide further insights into marine ecosystems, including fish recruitment, in the Kuroshio region.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Fermentasi Kotoran Ayam Roti Afkir Dan Ampas Tahu Dalam Media Kultur Massal Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kandungan Nutrisi Daphnia sp

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Zumalallail Nailulmuna ◽  
P Pinandoyo ◽  
Vivi Endar Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Population Count ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
A Value

Daphnia sp. is one kind of natural food that has many advantages. Some advantages of Daphnia sp. is a high nutrient content, according to the size suitable for fish larvae, and the provision of Daphnia sp. in the form of life does not cause a decrease in water quality. Nutrition content on the Daphnia sp. became from the suspended organic and the bacteria which was obtained from the fertilizer that added to the culture media. This research was aimed to found out the effect of fermented quail feces, bread waste, and tofu and determine the best treatment to generate the biomass growth, and the nutrition content of the Daphnia sp.This research used laboratory animals such as Daphnia sp. and a container of concrete tanks as many as four. The methods of this research was used experimental methods with Complete Randomize Design with 4 treatments and population count repetition as 3 times with the density of the Daphnia sp. was 100 ind./l. Treatments of this research were Tretment A  (0 %  chicken mannure, 50 % tofu waste and 50 % bread waste), B (25 % chicken mannure, 50 % tofu waste and 25 % bread waste),  C (25 % chicken mannure, 25 % tofu waste and 50 % bread waste, D (50 % chicken mannure, 25 % tofu waste and 25 % bread waste) with the total amount of the combination was 200 g/l. Data which observed were population density, biomass, and nutrition content. The results showed that the treatment of A was the lowest population density valued 548.67 ind / ml and the highest population density was on C treatment with a density of 1328.67 ind / ml at the peak of the stationary phase. Biomass in treatment C resulted in 336.30 grams and the treatment A yield 82.64 grams, and the content of nutrients with the highest protein is found in the C treatment with a value of 66.80%. Keywords :Daphnia sp.;chicken manure; tofu waste; bread waste; fermentation

Development of Raphidascaris acus (Nematoda, Anisakidae) in paratenic, intermediate, and definitive hosts

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1378-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Raphidascaris Acus

Larval development and morphology of Raphidascaris acus were studied in experimentally infected invertebrates and fish. Previous studies disagreed on the roles of these hosts. Raphidascaris acus develops to the second stage in the egg. Eggs are then infective to both invertebrates and fish. Larvae did not develop in experimentally infected amphipods or chironomid larvae. In experimentally infected darters (Etheostoma spp.) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens), larvae migrated to the liver and developed to the fourth stage, not the third as reported by others. The larvae moulted at 1.3 and 2.2–2.5 mm in these fish and grew to 5–6 mm. Therefore, invertebrates act as paratenic hosts and make the larvae available to fish which act as intermediate hosts. Definitive hosts (northern pike, Esox lucius; rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri; brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis) were infected experimentally using fourth-stage larvae. The parasite attained the adult stage in the gut of these fish, moulting at about 6 mm and maturing in about 1 month at 12–14 °C. The stages of R. acus are readily distinguished by reproductive organs and cephalic structures. A boring tooth is present in the second and third stages, nonpedunculate lips are present in the fourth stage, and pedunculate lips are present in the adult. Fourth-stage larvae have a ventral interlabium.

scholarly journals Control of Natural Food with Diazinon for Growth and Survival of Marbled Goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker)

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
M. Nasir ◽  
K. Sumawidjaja ◽  
K. Sumawidjaja ◽  
Irzal Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Natural Foods

<p>Dua percobaan telah dilakukan, yaitu tanpa dan dengan larva ikan. Percobaan pertama, yang menggunakan 3 konsentrasi diazinon 0. 2 dan 4 ppm dan 3 ulangan, mempelajari pertumbuhan rotifera, cladocera dan copepoda. Percobaan kedua mempunyai 2 perlakuan, yaitu diazinon 0 dan 4 ppm (yang terbaik dari percobaan pertama) serta 4 ulangan untuk mengevaluasi: 1) ketersediaan, pemanfaatan dan susunan jasad-jasad pakan, 2) pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup larva, serta 3) perkembangan larva ikan. Larva yang berumur satu hari ditebar pada saat kelimpahan rotifera tertinggi di hapa dengan kepadatan 40 larva/1 atau 3.200 larva/hapa. Hapa (mesh 0,8 mm) yang berukuran 50x40x50 cm ditempatkan dalam kolam-kolam beton yang berukuran 4,25x2,00x 0,65 m. Kolam-kolam ini mula-mula dikeringkan selama 2 hari, dipupuk dengan kotoran ayam 1.000 g/m3 dan diisi air setinggi 50 cm. Keesokan harinya kolam dipupuk dengan urea dan tripel superfosfat masing-masing 20 dan 30 g/m3. Dua hari kemudian air diberi diazinon sesuai perlakuan. Hasil percobaan pertama menunjukkan bahwa diazinon meningkatkan ketersediaan rotifera. Populasi rotifera tertinggi dicapai di kolam yang mendapat diazinon 4 ppm. Percobaan kedua memberikan laju pertumbuhan harian dan kelangsungan hidup larva ikan serta ketersediaan dan pemanfaatan rotifer tertinggi pada pemberian diazinon 4 ppm.</p> <p>Kata kunci: Pakan alami, larva. <em>Oxyeleotris marmorata, </em>diazinon. kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>Two experiments were conducted, without and with fish larvae. The first experiment, utilizing 3 concentrations of diazinon, i.e. 0, 2 and 4 ppm and 3 replications, evaluated the growth of rotifers, cladocerans and copepods. The second experiment had 2 treatments, i.e. 0 and 4 ppm diazinon and 4 replications evaluated: 1) the availability, utilization and composition of food organisms, 2) the growth and survival rates offish larvae, and 3) the development of larvae. One-day old larvae were stocked at times of highest rotifer concentrations in hapas at 40 larvae/1 or 3,200 larvae/hapa. Hapas (0,8 mm mesh) of 50x40x50 cm were placed in concrete ponds of 4.25x2.00x0,65 m. The ponds were dried for 2 days, fertilized with chicken manure 1.000 g/m3 and filled with water up to 50 cm deep. Next day, the ponds were fertilized with urea and triple superphosphate 20 and 30 g/m3 respectively. Two days later, the water was treated with diazinon according to treatments. The results of the first experiment showed that diazinon increased the availability of rotifers. The highest rotifer populations were obtained in ponds receiving 4 ppm diazinon. The second experiment gave highest daily growth and survival rates of fish larvae, te availability and utilization of rotifers at 4 ppm diazinon.</p> Key words: Natural foods, larvae, <em>Oxyeleotris marmorata, </em>diazinon, survival, growth.

scholarly journals Cestodes of Antarctic and Subantarctic fish: History and prospects of research

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
T. A. Polyakova ◽  
I. I. Gordeev
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Dissostichus Mawsoni ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Muraenolepis Marmorata ◽  
High Level

The first information about cestodes of Antarctic and Subantarctic fish appeared at the beginning of the XX century: a cestode Phyllobothrium dentatum from an unknown shark was described. Peak of activity of studying Antarctic cestodes fell on 1990–2006. During this period, significant works were published, devoted to description of new species, their life cycles, host specificity of cestodes – fish parasites, and their geographical distribution. A notable contribution to the study of elasmobranch cestodes was made by a group of Polish scientists, headed by Wojciechowska (Rocka). Systematic position of 21 cestode species from 13 genera of 8 families of 6 orders was analyzed. Cestode fauna has been studied in less than 7 % of the total ichthyofauna of this area, while potential definitive and intermediate hosts remain unexplored. The largest number of cestode species (12) was recorded in four ray species of the family Rajidae. Eight cestode species, reaching sexual maturity, have been registered in intestines of teleosts: Bothriocephalus antarcticus, B. kerguelensis, Bothriocephalus sp., Parabothriocephalus johnstoni, P. macruri, Clestobothrium crassiceps, Neobothriocephalus sp., and Eubothrium sp. Larvae of five cestode species (Onchobothrium antarcticum, Grillotia (Grillotia) erinaceus, Lacistorhynchus tenuis, Calyptrobothrium sp., and Hepatoxylon trichiuri), ending their development in elasmobranchs, were found in teleosts. Systematic position of 5 cestode species out of 12, found in rays, is unidentified. Cestode fauna is characterized by a high level of endemism: 67 % of the total cestode fauna is not found to the north of Subantarctic. Coastal areas, mostly covered by research, are those in the Atlantic and Indian sectors of Antarctic. The biodiversity of elasmobranch cestodes, inhabiting Antarctic and Subantarctic, is underestimated, since only one third of species of these fish have been studied so far. Genetic studies of Antarctic cestodes have just begun to develop. Ribosomal sequences from D1–D3 segments of 28S rDNA are known only for 2 species: Onchobothrium antarcticum from the second intermediate (Notothenia rossii and Dissostichus mawsoni) and definitive hosts (Bathyraja eatonii), as well as larvae of Calyptrobothrium sp. from the second intermediate hosts (D. mawsoni and Muraenolepis marmorata). The main directions of further research on cestode fauna should be developed in combination with morphological, faunistic, genetic, and ecological studies.

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