Study of Cellulose and Starch-Based Biodegradable Foam Production Technology as Enviromentally Packaging Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felga Zulfia Rasdiana ◽  
Cesar Welya Refdi
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Foam Production ◽  
Durian Seed ◽  
Process Method ◽  
Main Material

Biodegradable foam is an alternative to styrofoam packaging which is not environmental friendly and harmful to health. Various sources of starch are widely available in nature which can be used as raw material for making biodegradable foam. Several researchers found that many types of starch can be used as the main material for making biodegradable foam, including cassava starch, corn starch, sago starch, durian seed starch, jackfruit seed starch, avocado seed starch, and banana weevil starch. The production methods used from several studies that have been carried out are thermopressing, baking process, microwave assisted molding, and extrusion. Biodegradable foam based on starch is brittle, sensitive to water and requires additional treatment to increase strength, flexibility and resistance to water so that it can be used commercially. The purpose of this article is to provide information on the production of biodegradable foam from various types of starch and cellulose. Based on the results of the analysis, the characteristics of biodegradable foam using the baking process method and modified sago starch resulted in better water absorption values compared to other types of starch and production methods.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Biodegradable Foam dari Pati Sagu Termodifikasi dengan Kitosan Sebagai Aditif

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nanik Hendrawati ◽  
Ernia Novika Dewi ◽  
Sandra Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Foam Properties ◽  
Foam Production ◽  
Degradation Ability ◽  
Process Method

Biodegradable foam merupakan kemasan alternatif pengganti styrofoam yang menggunakan bahan baku utama berupa pati sehingga kemasan tersebut dapat terurai secara alami. Namun, produk biodegradable foam yang dihasilkan masih memiliki karakteristik sifat yang rendah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi kitosan terhadap karakteristik sifat biodegradable foam yang dihasilkan dari pati sagu alami dan  termodifikasi menggunakan metode hidrolisis asam – alkohol. Jenis asam yang digunakan pada hidrolisis asam adalah HCl. Konsentrasi kitosan yang ditambahkan pada penelitian ini divariasikan mulai dari 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 % w/w dari pati. Pembuatan biodegradable foam dilakukan menggunakan metode baking process yang dimulai dengan percampuran bahan selain pati sagu termodifikasi, dilakukannya pengadukan hingga campuran menjadi homogen dan mengembang, dan dipanggang didalam oven dengan suhu 125ºC. Analisa pada biodegradable foam adalah analisa daya serap air, analisa kemampuan daya urai dan uji tarik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi asam – alkohol pada pati sagu tidak mempengaruhi gugus fungsi. Sifat mekanis biodegradable foam yang terbaik pada penelitian ini diperoleh menggunakan pati sagu termodifikasi HCl dan penambahan kitosan sebesar 20% w/w yang memiliki daya serap 4,95 %, densitas sebesar 1.2 g/m3 kemampuan degradasi sebesar 25.12 % dan kekuatan tarik sebesar 1,27 Mpa.Biodegradable foam is an alternative packaging for styrofoam which uses the main raw material in the form of starch so that the packaging can be decomposed naturally. However, the biodegradable foam products produced still have low characteristics. This research is conducted to determine the effect of the addition of chitosan concentration on the characteristics of biodegradable foam properties produced from  natural sago and modified sago starch using acid-alcohol hydrolysis method. The type of acid used in acid hydrolysis is HCl. The concentrations of chitosan added in this study are varied from 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30% w / w of starch. Biodegradable foam production is carried out by using the baking process method which begins with the mixing of ingredients other than modified sago starch, stirring until the mixture becomes homogeneous and expands, and baked in an oven at 125ºC. The caracterisation of biodegradable foam are water absorption analysis, biodegradability analysis, and tensile test. The results show that modification of acid-alcohol on sago starch do not affect the functional group. The best mechanical properties of biodegradable foam in this research are obtained by using HCl-modified sago starch and addition of chitosan by 20% w / w which have an absorption capacity of 4.95%, density of 0.6 g / m3, degradation ability of 25.12% and tensile strength of 1.27 MPa.

Development of Biodegradable Films Based on Durian Seed Starch

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Pimpa ◽  
C. Pimpa ◽  
P. Junsangsree
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Durian Seed

Fresh durian seed consists largely of starch and can be considered such a suitable raw material for producing biodegradable films. The aim of this work was to develop biodegradable films based on durian seed starch (DSS) and to characterize their water barrier, microscopic and mechanical properties. DSS films were prepared by casting with glycerol as plasticizer. Corn starch and cassava starch, commonly used in food processing, were chosen to prepare films and compare their properties to the DSS-based films. Using a second biopolymer, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), in the DSS based composite has been studied as a strategy to improve their important properties. Water vapor permeability and elongation values were improved significantly (p<0.05) when 5% (w/w DSS) CMC was incorporated. Therefore, preparing biodegradable films from DSS is a new alternative for using this raw material which is sometimes much cheaper than commercial starches

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Kitosan dalam Pembuatan Biodegradable Foam Berbahan Baku Pati

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanik Hendrawati ◽  
Yulia Irna Lestari ◽  
Putri Anggraini Wulansari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Process Method

Biodegradable foam is an alternative packaging to replace the expanded polystyrene foam packaging currently in use.   Starch has been used to produce foam because of  its low cost, low density, low toxicity, and  biodegradability. Chitosan has been added to improve mechanical properties of product . The   effect of  variation on chitosan amount  and  starch types  was investigated in this study.  The amount of  chitosan  was varied as 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; and  30 % w/w and starch types were used in this research were cassava, Corn and sago starch. Biodegradable  foam was produced by using baking process method, all of material (Starch, Chitosan solution,  Magnesium Stearate, Carrageenan, Glyserol, Protein Isolates  dan polyvinil alcohol (PVOH)  were mixed with kitchen aid mixer. The mixture was poured  into mold and heated in an oven at 125 oC for 1 hour. Then, foam was tested for its mechanical properties, water absorption  and biodegradability and  morphology (SEM).  The results show that  foam made from sago starch had lower water absortion than those made from cassava and corn starch.   While, foam made from cassava starch  was more biodegradable than the other foam.  Biodegradable foam based sago starch and 30 % w/w of Chitosan adition  gave the  best performence in tensile stress that  is 20 Mpa

scholarly journals Synthesis of Corn Starch Derivatives and Their Application in Yarn Sizing

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Stana Kovačević ◽  
Ivana Schwarz ◽  
Suzana Đorđević ◽  
Dragan Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Yarn Properties ◽  
Cotton Yarns ◽  
Starch Derivatives ◽  
Environmental Contribution ◽  
Fabric Production ◽  
Lower Size ◽  
Yarn Surface

The use of synthesized natural starches for the sizing process in fabric production is primarily an environmental contribution. Synthesized corn starch is environmentally friendly and productive, showing good results in cotton yarn sizing. Acrylamide (AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were applied for the grafting process of corn starch, and the initiators azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), potassium persulfate (KPS), and benzoyl peroxide (BP) were chosen to form the grafted monomers more effectively. The application of synthesized corn starch has been confirmed, especially with the AIBIN initiator in the grafting process of HEMA onto starch. The FTIR analysis confirmed that new and efficient products for sizing cotton yarns based on natural raw material (corn) were developed. The research showed that the synthesized corn starch improved physical-mechanical yarn properties and abrasion resistance and reduced yarn surface hairiness. Ultrasonic desizing of yarn and the use of a lower size concentration led to better results than desizing by washing, and the Tegewa numbers confirmed that the desizing process was successful.

Optimization of Processing Technology of Acetylated Corn Starch Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhou Chen ◽  
Guo Ping Yin
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Starch Films

Abstract. In this experiment acetylated corn starch was taken as the raw material and its filming property was studied through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the different concentrations of acetylated corn starch, glycerol, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde had significant effects on the properties of the acetylated corn starch/PVA films. And the optimum film-forming conditions were 4.5% acetylated corn starch, 4.5% PVA, 4.0% glycerol and 0.4% glutaraldehyde for the coating liquid of film-forming, among which the most important factor was the glycerol concentration; the following factors were the acetylated corn starch concentration, the polyvinyl alcohol concentration and the glutaraldehyde concentration.

An Overview of Hydrogen Production from Renewable Energy Source for Remote Area Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi Abdol Rahim ◽  
Alhassan Salami Tijani ◽  
Wan Ahmad Najmi Wan Mohamed ◽  
Suhadiyana Hanapi ◽  
Khairul Imran Sainan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Remote Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Sustainable Energy Systems ◽  
Solar Hydrogen Production

Hydrogen production through solar energy technology plays a very important role in the development of sustainable energy systems. Traditionally, a wide variety of methods are available for hydrogen production from conventional sources such as natural gas, coal and oil. Their application, however, contributes to emission of ozone depleting gases such as CO2. This paper reviews the recent developments of hydrogen production methods related to solar-hydrogen production for remote area application. The methods discussed are thermochemical, photoelectrochemical and electrochemical where water is the basic raw material. From this review, the low overall efficiency of photoelectrochemical and thermochemical processes make them non-attractive for remote areas application. This paper concludes that the most suitable method for hydrogen production for remote area application is electrochemical process where electrolyzer represents the most important process to obtain hydrogen without any emission of air pollutants or greenhouse gases. This paper will be useful for manufacturers, academicians and researchers who are involved and interested in solar hydrogen system.

scholarly journals Scrap denim-PP composites as a material for new product design

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Francisco Gómez Gómez ◽  
Francisco Javier González Madariaga ◽  
Luis Alberto Rosa Sierra ◽  
Ruth Maribel León Morán
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Process Yield ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Introductory Material ◽  
Third Stage

The growing interest of manufacturing companies to use its scraps as raw material to design and develop alternate products has led them to news ways of processing them. The present project arises from a jeans manufacturing company’s interest on making an effort to reuse its daily denim scrap to manufacture a different kind of product without diversifying its capabilities.   Some studies on denim-binder mixtures have been previously performed, amongst which binders such as corn starch and vinyl adhesives were used. In the present work some preliminary findings are shown using denim in its woven form combined with polypropylene, a common waste worldwide.   The goal of this project is based on the assessment of some of the mechanical properties from the obtained mixtures in order to determine their attributes and possible fields of application in the process of designing new products.   For that purpose, the materials’ testing was structured in four stages regarding the variables linked to the diversification of the mixes.   In the first stage a sandwich-like material was prepared, consisting of two denim skins and a polypropylene core. In the second stage a multilayered “film-stacking” material was developed. In the third stage, a combination was developed consisting of polypropylene mixed with 5% weight of shredded denim. Based on these preliminary findings and the inherent attributes of denim, the fourth stage is a first attempt to use the obtained materials to design new products. In this process an introductory material-product mapping was used in order to provide early insights and define scenarios and user profiles. The results of the whole process yield a first approach to configure future experiments using combinations of denim scrap and other thermoplastic polymers in order to use them in new product development.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3360

scholarly journals Analysis of particles size distributions in Mg(OH)2 precipitation from highly concentrated MgCl2 solutions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Battaglia ◽  
Salvatore Romano ◽  
Antonello Raponi ◽  
Daniele Marchisio ◽  
Michele Ciofalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shed Light

Magnesium is a raw material of great importance, which attracted increasing interest in the last years. A promising route is to recover magnesium in the form of Magnesium Hydroxide via precipitation from highly concentrated Mg2+ resources, e.g. industrial or natural brines and bitterns. Several production methods and characterization procedures have been presented in the literature reporting a broad variety of Mg(OH)2 particle sizes. In the present work, a detailed experimental investigation is aiming to shed light on the characteristics of produced Mg(OH)2 particles and their dependence upon the reacting conditions. To this purpose, two T-shaped mixers were employed to tune and control the degree of homogenization of reactants. Particles were analysed by laser static light scattering with and without an anti-agglomerant treatment based on ultrasounds and addition of a dispersant. Zeta potential measurements were also carried out to further assess Mg(OH)2 suspension stability.

scholarly journals An Overview of The Traditional Use of Sago for Sago-based Food Industry in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Andi Patiware Metaragakusuma ◽  
Osozawa Katsuya ◽  
Hu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Ancient Times

<p>The use of sago had been practiced traditionally since ancient times by people who live in sago producing areas in Indonesia, and it had been able to gradually create sago-based food industry. As a result, sago has become an important raw material. Nevertheless, most sago-based food industry occurs naturally without an integrated comprehensive plan. The processing skills are inherited from the ancestors and handed down to the next generation continuously. In addition, there are many descriptions of the traditional way to prepare foods from sago. Surely, the wider utilization of sago can be a catalyst for rural industrial development. Thus, this paper is intended to deliver information about the diversity of traditional use of sago for sago-based food industry from all the major sago-producing areas in Indonesia in order to focus the farmers`, entrepreneurs’, and Indonesian government`s attention. It is predicted that sago demands in the future will increase. The sustainability of sago as a raw material for sago-based industry, however, will not be discussed in this paper. Further studies on that is needed</p><strong>Keywords:</strong>Sago-based food Industry, Sago Palm, Sago Starch, The use of Sago. <p> </p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Binder terhadap Densitas dan Kalor Pembakaran Briket dari Limbah Sagu

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Hendri Widiyandari ◽  
Wahyu Setiabudi ◽  
Agus Subagio ◽  
Sri Haryanti ◽  
Parsaoran Siahaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Sago Waste ◽  
Starch Industry

<span>Biomass fuel such as briquette is one of an alternative energy regarded to the shortage of the <span>fosil fuel and rising its prices. The byproduct of sago starch industry is the waste that remain <span>the environmental problem because of the odor. However this agricultur waste such as trunk <span>cortex and fibre has a potential application as a raw material for briquette.The fibre and trunk <span>cortex act as matrix material of briquette. The utilizing of sago waste as a biomass briquette <span>and the effect of ratio of matrix/binder to the density, time of compustion and gross heat of <span>the briquette have been elucidated sistematically. The analyzing of gross heat using adiabatic <span>calorimetry indicated that the briquette prepared with the ratio of binder/matrix of 3:4 (mass <span>ratio) had the maximum value of 3929.5 kal/g. The duration of combusion was proposional <span>with density of the briquette.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span>

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