scholarly journals Super-Capacitors as an Alternative for Renewable Energy Unstable Supply

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collins Ineneji ◽  
Olusola Bamisile ◽  
Mehmet Kuşaf
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Super Capacitors

In this article a Lithium battery and super-capacitors performance for energy storage in renewable is compared. A photo-voltaic system is considered with Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, then with a super-capacitor compared as the storage device. The super-capacitor consists of 10 capacitors connected in series and one in parallel. The comparison is made based on the state of charge and the output voltage of the two storage devices. Matlab/Simulink model is developed to make the analysis of the two systems. Li-ion battery displayed a uniform voltage of 0.9 V while the super-capacitor accumulated 250 V; when the simulation was done within a specific time frame. The Hybrid system however, drew a lower voltage of 15 V but a more stable supply is achieved over time. While the state of charge of the battery is constant over the time of simulation, the super-capacitor increases with time. The details of the simulation are presented in the full paper.

scholarly journals Real Time Design and Implementation of State of Charge Estimators for a Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cobalt Battery with Applicability in HEVs/EVs—A Comparative Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae Tudoroiu ◽  
Mohammed Zaheeruddin ◽  
Roxana-Elena Tudoroiu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Soc Estimation ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Li Ion

Estimating the state of charge (SOC) of Li-ion batteries is an essential task of battery management systems for hybrid and electric vehicles. Encouraged by some preliminary results from the control systems field, the goal of this work is to design and implement in a friendly real-time MATLAB simulation environment two Li-ion battery SOC estimators, using as a case study a rechargeable battery of 5.4 Ah cobalt lithium-ion type. The choice of cobalt Li-ion battery model is motivated by its promising potential for future developments in the HEV/EVs applications. The model validation is performed using the software package ADVISOR 3.2, widely spread in the automotive industry. Rigorous performance analysis of both SOC estimators is done in terms of speed convergence, estimation accuracy and robustness, based on the MATLAB simulation results. The particularity of this research work is given by the results of its comprehensive and exciting comparative study that successfully achieves all the goals proposed by the research objectives. In this scientific research study, a practical MATLAB/Simscape battery model is adopted and validated based on the results obtained from three different driving cycles tests and is in accordance with the required specifications. In the new modelling version, it is a simple and accurate model, easy to implement in real-time and offers beneficial support for the design and MATLAB implementation of both SOC estimators. Also, the adaptive extended Kalman filter SOC estimation performance is excellent and comparable to those presented in the state-of-the-art SOC estimation methods analysis.

scholarly journals Scheduled Pre-Heating of Li-Ion Battery Packs for Balanced Temperature and State-of-Charge Distribution

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2212
Author(s):  
Hien Vu ◽  
Donghwa Shin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Internal Heating ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Li Ion

Lithium-ion batteries exhibit significant performance degradation such as power/energy capacity loss and life cycle reduction in low-temperature conditions. Hence, the Li-ion battery pack is heated before usage to enhance its performance and lifetime. Recently, many internal heating methods have been proposed to provide fast and efficient pre-heating. However, the proposed methods only consider a combination of unit cells while the internal heating should be implemented for multiple groups within a battery pack. In this study, we investigated the possibility of timing control to simultaneously obtain balanced temperature and state of charge (SOC) between each cell by considering geometrical and thermal characteristics of the battery pack. The proposed method schedules the order and timing of the charge/discharge period for geometrical groups in a battery pack during internal pre-heating. We performed a pack-level simulation with realistic electro-thermal parameters of the unit battery cells by using the mutual pulse heating strategy for multi-layer geometry to acquire the highest heating efficiency. The simulation results for heating from −30 ∘ C to 10 ∘ C indicated that a balanced temperature-SOC status can be achieved via the proposed method. The temperature difference can be decreased to 0.38 ∘ C and 0.19% of the SOC difference in a heating range of 40 ∘ C with only a maximum SOC loss of 2.71% at the end of pre-heating.

scholarly journals Charging and Discharging Control of Li-Ion Battery Energy Management for Electric Vehicle Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Verasamy ◽  
M. Faisal ◽  
Pin Jern Ker ◽  
M A Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Energy

Electric vehicle (EV) is now replacing the conventional fuel driven vehicle as it has strong contribution to face the challenges of global warming issues. This system has the energy storage device which can be introduced by lithium-ion (li-ion) battery banks. Lithium-ion is mostly popular because of its high capacity and efficiency. Nevertheless, li-ion battery needs protective mechanism to control overcharged or undercharged of the cell that can reduce the life expectancy and efficiency.  Hence, a control model needs to develop to enhance the protection of battery. Therefore, the key issue of the research is to investigate the performance of Li-ion battery energy management system (BMS) for electrical vehicle applications by monitoring and balancing the cell voltage level of battery banks using Simulink software. A bidirectional flyback DC-DC converter is investigated in the BMS model to control the undercharging or overcharging of cells. An intelligent charge control algorithm is used for this purpose. Backtracking search optimization algorithm (BSA) is implemented to optimize the parameters for generating regulated PWM signal. Obtained results were observed within the safety operating range of Li-ion battery (3.73 V – 3.87V).

scholarly journals Takagi–Sugeno Observer Design for Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Li-Ion Battery System Under Faults

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Norbert Kukurowski ◽  
Marcin Pazera ◽  
Marcin Witczak
Keyword(s):  
Current Measurement ◽  
The State ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Observer Design ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery System ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Takagi Sugeno

Among the existing estimation schemes of a battery state of charge, most deal with an assumption that the faults will never occur in the system. Nevertheless, faults may have a crucial impact on the state of charge estimation accuracy. The paper proposes a novel observer design to estimate the state of charge and the remaining useful life of a Li-ion battery system under voltage and current measurement faults. The approach starts with converting the battery system into the descriptor Takagi–Sugeno form, where the state includes the original states along with the voltage and current measurement faults. Moreover, external disturbances are bounded by an ellipsoid based on the so-called Quadratic Boundedness approach, which ensures the system stability. The second-order Resistor-Capacitor equivalent circuit model is considered to verify the performance and correctness of the proposed observer. Subsequently, a real battery model is designed with experimental data of the Li-ion 18650 battery delivered from the NASA benchmark. Another experiment deals with an automated guided vehicle fed with a battery of which the remaining useful life is estimated. Finally, the results are compared with another estimation scheme based on the same benchmark.

scholarly journals A tracking problem for the state of charge in a electrochemical Li-ion battery model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Esteban Hernández ◽  
Christophe Prieur ◽  
Eduardo Cerpa
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Reference Trajectory ◽  
Tracking Problem ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Feedback Controllers ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Convergence Proofs

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper the Single Particle Model is used to describe the behavior of a Li-ion battery. The main goal is to design a feedback input current in order to regulate the State of Charge (SOC) to a prescribed reference trajectory. In order to do that, we use the boundary ion concentration as output. First, we measure it directly and then we assume the existence of an appropriate estimator, which has been established in the literature using voltage measurements. By applying backstepping and Lyapunov tools, we are able to build observers and to design output feedback controllers giving a positive answer to the SOC tracking problem. We provide convergence proofs and perform some numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical results.</p>

scholarly journals Overview of Graphene as Promising Electrode materials for Li-ion Battery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Energy Storage Device ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
And Storage

The energy and storage sector of today's world is constantly facing challenges in terms of the performance, functionality of the fundamental materials. Graphene is a Carbon-based material that is extensively investigated as anode material for rechargeable secondary Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its amazing superlative properties i.e. mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, and sensing properties. Graphene has extraordinary electron mobility (2.5×105 cm2 V-1 s-1) and a large surface area (2630 m2g-1) and these interesting properties make it a suitable material for the energy storage device. Also Nanostructure evolution of graphene, its electrochemical performance raised to a new stage. In this review, we focus on the electrochemical performance of graphene and Graphene-based nanocomposite materials in Lithium-ion Batteries and also focuses on the synthesis route of graphene which is used both industrially and commercially.

scholarly journals Hybrid Energy Storage System with Vehicle Body Integrated Super-Capacitor and Li-Ion Battery: Model, Design and Implementation, for Distributed Energy Storage

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6553
Author(s):  
Sekhar Raghu Raman ◽  
Ka-Wai (Eric) Cheng ◽  
Xiang-Dang Xue ◽  
Yat-Chi Fong ◽  
Simon Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Distributed Energy Storage ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Super Capacitors

In this paper, a distributed energy storage design within an electric vehicle for smarter mobility applications is introduced. Idea of body integrated super-capacitor technology, design concept and its implementation is proposed in the paper. Individual super-capacitor cells are connected in series or parallel to form a string connection of super-capacitors with the associated management unit to form a panel. These super-capacitor panels are shaped to fit the alternative concept of vehicle design, and it solves the design issues and prepares for configurable electric vehicles. Body integration of super-capacitors enhances the acceleration, and regenerative braking performances of the electric vehicle increases the operating life of the Li-ion battery and improves space utilization by giving more area for the main energy source, the Li-ion battery. Integrating super-capacitor into the car body involves special packaging technology to minimize space and promotes distributed energy storage within a vehicle. This pioneering design encourages future configurable electric vehicles. Model of both the Li-ion battery and the super-capacitor employed is studied with its series internal resistance determined at various C-rates. Loss and the efficiency analysis of the bi-directional converter, traits of body integrated super-capacitors system and control of the interleaved bi-directional converter to regulate the power-sharing in the hybrid energy storage system is presented.

scholarly journals A Study on State of Charge and State of Health Estimation in Consideration of Lithium-Ion Battery Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10451
Author(s):  
Woongchul Choi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Li Ion

Due to rapid development of industries around the world, more and more consumption of fossil fuels was unavoidable, resulting in serious environmental problems. The many pollutant emissions—a major contributor to global warming and weather pattern change—have been at the center of concern. In order to solve this issue, research and development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems made great progress and successfully introduced products in the market. Nevertheless, accurate measurement of the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of the Li-ion battery, the most popular electric energy storage device, has not yet been fully understood due to the nature of battery aging. In this study, ideas to estimate the capacity and ultimately SOC and SOH of Li-ion batteries are discussed. With these ideas, we expect not only to accommodate the issues with battery aging but also to implement an algorithm for an on-board battery management system. The key idea is to chase and monitor internal resistance continuously in a fast and reliable manner in real time. With further investigation of the key idea, we also fully expect to come up with a reliable SOC and SOH measurement scheme in the near future.

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