scholarly journals MAIN RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OF SEED PRODUCTION OF PERENNIAL GRASSES IN THE FSUE "POIMA"

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Анатолий Анисимов ◽  
Anatoly Anisimov ◽  
Петр Комахин ◽  
Peter Komakhin ◽  
Николай Переправо ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
North Western

Presents the historical aspects and the current state of breeding and seed production in the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Poima", as well as the prospects for the production of seeds of forage herbs, including their higher reproduction in order to provide farmers and other consumers with high-quality seed. The stages of seed production of perennial grasses in the economy are reflected, the analysis and the importance of seed production for agricultural production, as well as prospects. Special attention is paid to the creation and reproduction of high-yielding varieties of perennial grasses for floodplain conditions, such as awnless brome, fescue, timothy-grass, cocksfoot and other species. It is noted that the special variety of fescue meadow hayfields and pasture ecotype Krasnopoimskaya 92, well adapted to the conditions of flooding in the underground conditions, as well as when growing it on watershed areas, is of great importance in modern conditions of forage production. The article also notes a great prospect of developing tetraploid variety of ryegrass annual Rapid in the system of feed production in floodplain conditions, which can replace to a large extent in the Central, Northern and North-Western regions of unstable productivity of corn, even its early-maturing hybrids. In addition, the publication presents the basic agrotechnical methods of cultivation of seeds of such most sought-after perennial grasses as perennial ryegrass, festulolium, fescue reed, allowing them to obtain high and stable yields.

scholarly journals ECONOMICALLY USEFUL SIGNS AND FEATURES CULTIVATION OF TETRAPLOID VARIETY MEADOW FESCUE 'BINARA'

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Middle Tier ◽  
Economic Use

Due to the presence of a complex of economically useful signs, meadow fescue is one of the most popular perennial grasses in the country's feed production. To increase the effectiveness of the use of meadow fescue, it is important to develop and introduce new highly productive varieties of this crop into produc-tion practice. In the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology a tetraploid variety of meadow fescue 'Binara' was created. The higher effect of economic use of induced tetraploid varieties is due to the increased buffering of their genotype due to a higher level of intra-population hete-rosis and homeostasis. The collection of green mass of the forage crop of the 'Binara' variety exceeds the standard by 20.6% (diploid variety), dry matter — by 58%. In terms of protein content, the 'Binara' varie-ty exceeds the standard by 1.4%, in terms of carbohydrates — by 4.0%, which provides an increase in the indicators of palatability, digestibility of feed, especially in aftergrass. The palatability of the dry matter of the feed is higher than standard by 8.4%, the digestibility is 4.4%. The seed yield is 650–800 kg/ha and can reach 1000 kg/ha. The weight of 1000 seeds in the 'Binara' variety is 3.7–4.5 g versus 2.0–2.6 g in diploid varieties. Plants are differ by the gigantism of some metameric organs (generative shoots, spike-lets, leaves of the middle tier, etc.). Winter hardiness and disease resistance are stable, disease prevalence is low.

scholarly journals A NEW VARIETY AND PROMISING SAMPLES OF NURSERIES BREEDING GALEGA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.В. Шайкова ◽  
В.С. Баева ◽  
Т.Е. Кузьмина
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
New Variety ◽  
New Varieties

Биоклиматический потенциал Псковской области позволяет ежегодно получать качественные семена практически всех видов многолетних злаковых и некоторых видов бобовых трав. Первостепенная роль в производстве кормов принадлежит сеянным травам как в полевом (площадь земель составляет 182,8 тыс. га), так и луговом кормопроизводстве (естественные сенокосы (230 тыс. га) и пастбищам (244 тыс. га). Основными направлениями в повышении продуктивности и улучшении качества кормовой базы, на наш взгляд, должны стать новые сорта многолетних трав, возделывание которых ведется с использованием современных агротехнологий. Селекционная работа по выведению новых сортов козлятника восточного ведется в 7 питомниках на полях ФГБНУ ФНЦ ЛК Обособленного подразделения г. Пскова. На каждом этапе селекционного процесса, в каждом питомнике выделены лучшие образцы по ряду хозяйственно ценных и морфологических признаков. На заключительной многолетней стадии, в питомнике конкурсного испытания высеяны сортообразцы, которые выделены из различных питомников с сохранением отличительных признаков, морфологических или хозяйственно-ценных. Селекционерами института создан новый сорт козлятника восточного Талисман (сортообразец №24), превышающий по продуктивности и качеству сорт-стандарт Кривич на 7-10%, в среднем за годы испытаний (5 лет) урожайность зеленой массы составила 38,1 т/га, сухой массы – 9,7 т/га, что выше стандарта на 11%. Семенная продуктивность в среднем за 5 лет была на уровне 4,5 ц/га. Содержание сырого протеина в сухом веществе данного сорта было на уровне от 20 до 22,0%. Выход сырого протеина с урожаем составил 1,9 т/га. The bioclimatic potential of the Pskov region makes it possible to annually obtain high-quality seeds of almost all types of perennial grasses and some types of legumes. The main role in feed production belongs to sown grasses both in the field (the land area is 182.8 thousand hectares) and in meadow forage production (natural hayfields (230 thousand hectares) and pastures (244 thousand hectares). In our opinion, the main directions for increasing productivity and improving the quality of the feed base should be new varieties of perennial grasses that are cultivated using modern agricultural technologies. Breeding work on breeding new varieties of Eastern goat is carried out in 7 nurseries in the fields of the Federal state budgetary scientific center of the LPR, a separate division, Pskov. At each stage of the breeding process, each nursery selects the best samples for a number of economically valuable and morphological characteristics. At the final multiyear stage, in the nursery of competitive tests, varietal samples were sown, which were isolated from various nurseries with the preservation of distinctive features, morphological or economically valuable. Breeders of the Institute have created a new variety of Eastern talisman goat (variety type No. 24), which exceeds the productivity and quality of the standard Krivich by 7-10% on average, over the years of testing (5 years), the yield of green mass was 38.1 t/ha, dry mass – 9.7 t/ha, which is 11% higher than the standard. Seed productivity on average for 5 years was at the level of 4.5 c/ha. The content of crude protein in the dry matter of this class was at the level of 20 to 22.0%. The yield of crude protein from this crop was 1.9 t/ha.

Cultivation and seed production of perennial grasses as a basis for arable farming biologization and regional forage production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Золотарев ◽  
С. Сапрыкин
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
The Impact

На примере Воронежской области показано влияние почвенно-климатических и ландшафтных особенностей территории на структуру растениеводства в рыночных условиях и его взаимосвязь с уровнем развития животноводства. Вследствие преимуществ, связанных с биоклиматическим и земельным потенциалом (по состоянию на 2018 год), основные посевные площади в области занимают зерновые и зернобобовые культуры — 1516 тыс. га (57,6%); технические — 708,3 тыс. га (26,9%), в том числе подсолнечник — 431,3 тыс. га (16,4%). Доля кормовых культур в общей структуре посевов составляет 12,3%, а многолетних трав — только 4,1%. Перевод земледелия на биологическую основу предусматривает восстановление деградированных агроландшафтов и сохранение плодородных свойств почвы за счёт широкого внедрения травосеяния. Увеличение площадей посевов многолетних трав в севооборотах имеет также большое кормовое значение. В настоящее время посевная площадь многолетних трав на пашне в области составляет около 130 тыс. га, или 4,1% в общей структуре. Согласно научно обоснованной системе земледелия площади кормовых посевов многолетних трав на пашне в хозяйствах области в перспективе целесообразно увеличить до 400 тыс. га, а на первом этапе в течение 5–8 лет — до 260–270 тыс. га, или до 8–10%. В области под естественными сенокосами и пастбищами занято около 936 тыс. га, и их состояние является крайне неудовлетворительным. Для увеличения посевов трав необходимо существенное улучшение состояния семеноводства. Ежегодное производство сортовых семян многолетних трав в области составляет около 500 т в год, и примерно около 500 т закупается преимущественно у иностранных компаний. Для расширенного воспроизводства посевов многолетних трав на первом этапе целесообразно довести объём производства их сортовых семян в области до 2,5 тыс. т. The Voronezh region was used as an example showing the impact of climate and land conditions on regional crop production and Animal Husbandry. In 2018 areas for grain and grain legume crops reached 1516 thousand ha (57.6%), industrial crops — 708.3 thousand ha (26.9%), sunflower — 431.3 thousand ha (16.4%). Forage crops occupy 12.3% of total farmlands, perennial grasses — only 4.1%. Biologization of arable farming stands for restoration of degraded areas and maintenance of soil fertility via forage grass cultivation. Wide cultivation of perennial grasses is crucial in crop rotations for fodder production. According to previous works, area for forage grasses should be increased up to 400 thousand ha. The first stage is planned to cover up to 260–270 thousand ha, or 8–10% for 5–8 years. Natural haylands and pastures occupy around 936 thousand ha, but their condition is quite poor. Widening of grass fields requires significant improvement in seed production sphere. Annual seed production of grass varieties amounts to 500 t in the region; around 500 t being bought from foreign companies. Effective cultivation of such crops demands seed production of up to 2.5 thousand t as a start.

DIAGNOSTICS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF HEALTHCARE IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
N.P. STARYKH ◽  
◽  
A.V. EGOROVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Current State

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of healthcare in Russia. Scientific novelty of the study: the authors suggest that the efficiency of the health care system depends on the state of such indicators of public health as life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Life expectancy is an integrated demographic indicator that characterizes the number of years that a person would live on average, provided that the age-specific mortality rate of a generation would be at the level for which the indicator was calculated throughout life. The indicator ‘healthy life expectancy’ is formed by subtracting the number of years of unhealthy life (due to chronic diseases, disabilities, mental and behavioral disorders, etc.) from the life expectancy indicator. Results: the article presents an analysis of the current state of Russian healthcare based on statistical data provided by the Federal State Statistics Service, the World Health Organization, and world rankings. Attention is focused on the perceptions of Russians about the quality of medical services and Russian healthcare. Conclusions about the current state of health care in Russia are formulated by the authors, based on a secondary analysis of statistical data, as well as data from sociological research presented by leading Russian sociological centers.

Protein-energy ratio for forage production efficiency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Зезин ◽  
М. Намятов
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Research Institute

Исследования Уральского НИИСХ и опыт передовых хозяйств Свердловской области показывают, что для повышения эффективности и стабильности кормопроизводства необходимо в структуре кормовых культур увеличивать удельный вес высокобелковых, высокоэнергетических и засухоустойчивых культур, производить подсев многолетних трав ежегодно на площади не менее 60 тыс. га, а в перспективе 7080 тыс. га. За последние 7 лет (20112018 годы) площади люцерны в области увеличились в 2 раза (до 23 тыс. га), кукурузы по зерновой технологии в 2,4 раза (до 20,9 тыс. га) и масличных культур в 3,1 раза (до 30,8 тыс. га). Опыт СПК Килачёвский Ирбитского района показывает, что освоение научно обоснованных биологизированных севооборотов, прошедших изучение в стационарных опытах Уральского НИИСХ, позволяет ежегодно получать высокие и стабильные урожаи всех сельскохозяйственных культур. В этом хозяйстве каждая кормовая культура размещается в своём севообороте. В СПК Килачёвский и ряде других хозяйств Свердловской области большое значение придаётся возделыванию люцерны, кукурузы и масличных культур. Площадь этих культур в расчёте на одну корову мы назвали белковоэнергетическим коэффициентом (БЭК). Анализ показал тесную взаимосвязь между белковоэнергетическим коэффициентом и молочной продуктивностью. Так, в СПК Килачёвский в 2016 году при удое 10196кг БЭК был равен 1,25 в 2017 году удой достиг 10798кг, БЭК 1,43 в 2018 году соответственно 11493 кг и 1,47 при количестве коров 29002977 голов. According to the investigations conducted at the Ural Agricultural Research Institute and experience of the leading farms in the Sverdlovsk region high effectiveness and stability of Forage Production requires wide cultivation of droughtresistant crops rich in protein and energy as well as seeding over 60 thousand ha (in the future 7080 thousand ha) by perennial grasses annually. For the last 7 years (20112018) areas of alfalfa increased by 2 times (up to 23 thousand ha), grain maize by 2.4 times (up to 20.9 thousand ha), oil crops by 3.1 times (up to 30.8 thousand ha). SPK Kilachevskiy (agricultural production cooperative) reported that the use of approved crop rotations tested at the Ural Agricultural Research Institute resulted in annual high and stable yields of all the crops. SPK Kilachevskiy and other farms of the region widely grow alfalfa, maize and oil crops. Land area for the cultivation of these crops per one cow is called proteinenergy coefficient (PEC). Proteinenergy coefficient was shown to have a significant correlation with milk productivity. SPK Kilachevskiy reported that in 2016 PEC and milk yield reached 1.25 and 10196 kg in 2017 1.43 and 10798 kg in 2018 1.47 and 11493 kg, respectively under 29002977 cows.

Sources of valuable traits for perennial grass breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
LZ Baistruk-Hlodan ◽  
MM Кhomiak ◽  
HZ Zhapaleu
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Galega Orientalis

Aim. The purpose was to identify collection accessions – sources of valuable traits to use as starting material for creating varieties of perennial grasses in Western Ukraine. Results and Discussion. Perennial grasses play an essential role in improving the efficiency of forage production. They produce a fodder mass that contains major macro- and micronutrients, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and other nutrients in available forms, with a high energy protein saturation. Practice shows that due to the introduction of varietal crops into production in combination with optimal technologies of their cultivation, which allows revealing the potential of each variety, it is possible to additionally obtain 20-30% higher yields of fodder mass annually and harvest 2 to 3-fold seed yields. In 2016-2020, a search was carried out and 570 new accessions of perennial grasses were recruited, of which 201 were legumes and 369 were graminaceous grasses. The collection contains 1,319 accessions, of which 232 are Trifolium pratense L., 115 are Trifolium repens L., 49 are Trifolium hybridum L., 107 are Lotus corniculatus L., 80 belong to other legume species (Medicago, Galega orientalis L. Galega orientalis L. and Trifolium species), 131 are Phleum pratense L., 187 are Dactylis glomerata L., 146 are Lolium perenne L., 53 are Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J. et C.Presl., 67 are Festuca rubra L., 28 are Festuca trachyphylla L., 32 are Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub, 92 belong to other species of other types of graminaceous grasses (Festuca pratensis Huds., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Agrostis alba L. etc.). Accessions that enter the Department are registered and sown for propagation in the field. After examination, valuable accessions are transferred to the National Depository and registered in the National Catalogue; the rest of the obtained seeds are used in working collections. Conclusions. The best collection accessions were identified by a set of economically valuable traits: sources of daily growth of shoots (30), winter hardiness (28), plant height (22), yield of green mass upon haymaking (28) and pasture (19) use, forage productivity (15), seed productivity (25), foliage (21), and disease resistance (23). They can be recommended as starting material to create varieties of perennial grasses with high yields of forage mass and seeds for various applications.

scholarly journals Improving the Mechanization of High-Quality Seed Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanovich Orobinsky ◽  
Alexander Pavlovich Tarasenko ◽  
Aleksey Mikhailovich Gievsky ◽  
Aleksey Viktorovich Chernyshov ◽  
Ivan Vasilyevich Baskhakov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Seed

scholarly journals Identifikasi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai Berumur Genjah dan Berdaya Hasil Tinggi

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made J. Mejaya ◽  
Ayda Krisnawati ◽  
Heru Kuswantoro
Keyword(s):  
Research Station ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Yield Result ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Germplasm Accessions ◽  
Number Of Branches

<p>Identification of Early Maturing and High Yielding Soybean Germplasm. Preference to early maturing soybeans is higher than the late ones, since early maturing soybean can improve planting index and able to escape from fail of harvest due to drought stress. To identify accessions of soybean germplasm which will be used as gene resources in developing of early maturing and high yielding varieties, a numbers of 203 soybean germplasm accessions were evaluated at Jambegede Research Station on dry season 2006. Observation primarily conducted on physiological maturity and flowering date. Beside, observation also conducted on plant height, number of branches, 100 seeds weight and seed yield. Result showed that accession of MLGG 0751 and MLGG 0753 identified having early maturity (70 days). The early maturing accessions had lower yield than the late maturing ones. There was no accession having both of early maturing and high yielding traits. Accessions of MLGG 0751 and MLGG 0753 can be used as gene resources in developing of early maturing varieties.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Preferensi terhadap kedelai berumur genjah lebih tinggi daripada berumur dalam karena kedelai berumur genjah dapat meningkatkan indeks pertanaman dan dapat menghindari kegagalan panen akibat cekaman kekeringan. Untuk mengidentifikasi aksesi plasma nutfah yang akan digunakan sebagai sumber gen dalam perakitan varietas kedelai berumur genjah dan berdaya hasil tinggi, sebanyak 203 aksesi plasma nutfah kedelai dievaluasi di Kebun Percobaan Jambegede pada musim kemarau 2006. Pengamatan terutama dilakukan terhadap umur masak fisiologis dan umur berbunga. Pengamatan juga dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, bobot 100 biji, dan hasil biji tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi MLGG 0751 dan MLGG 0753 teridentifikasi berumur genjah (70 hari). Aksesi berumur genjah memiliki hasil biji lebih rendah daripada aksesi berumur dalam. Tidak diperoleh aksesi kedelai berumur genjah yang sekaligus berdaya hasil tinggi. Aksesi MLGG 0751 dan MLGG 0753 dapat digunakan sebagai sumber gen dalam perakitan varietas kedelai berumur genjah.</p>

Growth, seed production and effect of defoliation in an early flowering perennial grass, Alloteropsis semialata (Poaceae), on Cape York Peninsula, Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M. Crowley ◽  
Stephen T. Garnett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cape York ◽  
Seed Dynamics

Alloteropsis semialata (R.Br.) A.Hitchc. is one of the first perennial grasses in monsoonal Australia to produce seed at the start of the wet season. Patterns of growth and seed production and seed dynamics of Alloteropsis semialata were examined in this study, along with the effects of partial defoliation. Growth of Alloteropsis semialata tussocks started with the first pre-wet-season rains, and was then interrupted during a period with little rain. Growth ceased before the end of the wet season, indicating that factors other than moisture availability were limiting. Seeds of Alloteropsis semialata were germinable on production, but did not remain viable or persist on the soil surface through the dry season. Most seeds and young seedlings were harvested and no seedlings were recruited. Inflorescence production increased with plant size. Moderate defoliation in the early wet season had no impact on plant growth, but reduced inflorescence and seed production for at least 2 years. Absence of a seed bank and early wet-season flowering mean that Alloteropsis semialata is likely to be sensitive to long-term over-grazing.

Impact of contracts in high yielding varieties seed production on profits and yield: The case of Nepal

Food Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 110-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Mishra ◽  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Pramod K. Joshi ◽  
Alwin D'souza
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
High Yielding Varieties
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document