scholarly journals Oral Administration of Estrogens and Their Effect on Growth, Feed Conversion and Carcass Quality of Growing Turkeys

1958 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1284-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Carter ◽  
J.W. Wyne ◽  
V.D. Chamberlin ◽  
M.G. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Effect On Growth

THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND AGE OF MALE AT CASTRATION ON GROWTH AND CARCASS QUALITY OF YORKSHIRE SWINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Charette
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Effect On Growth

The effects of sex and age of castration of males on growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in bacon type swine were measured using 16 pigs each as gilts, entire boars, and boars castrated at birth, 6, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age. Castration at 20 weeks was too late since some pigs reached 200 pounds live weight before that age. Boars consumed less feed daily than barrows and gilts, were thinner in loin fat, and yielded a higher percentage of shoulder than gilts. The carcasses of boars and gilts were longer, had less fat covering over the shoulder and back, a larger area of loin, and a higher iodine number than those castrated late. Acceptability tests showed that sex or age of castration did not affect the flavour, odour, or tenderness of the meat.Purebred breeders can delay castration for better selection of boars without any serious effect on growth, physical carcass characteristics, and feed requirements. Although the market discriminates against boars, it appears questionable whether castration is necessary when boars are slaughtered at 200 pounds before they reach the age of 150 days.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Gentle Handling on Behavioral Responses, Production Performance, and Meat Quality of Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Yongjie Chen ◽  
Yanju Bi ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Hanqing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference

In order to investigate the effect of gentle handling on the behavior, performance, and meat quality of pigs from weaning to slaughter, 144 6-week-old weaned hybrid Min piglets (a native breed) were selected and divided into a handling group (HG: 9 pens × 8 pigs) and a control group (CG: 9 pens × 8 pigs). After 6 weeks of handling, we observed and then evaluated the pigs’ responses to a handler with behavioral scores. Moreover, we measured heart rate and production performance. Three pigs were randomly selected from each of the 18 pens and divided into a handling group (HG: n = 27) and a control group (CG: n = 27), and the HG pigs were given gentle handling until slaughter. Subsequently, we evaluated meat quality and the production performance of six pigs from each group. The results show that AA test (approaching–avoidance test) scores in HG pigs, the number of contacts with the handler and absence of contact with the handler, were significantly higher than in the CG pigs (p < 0.01). The occurrences of avoidance and looking at the handler were lower in the HG than in the CG group (p < 0.01); however, heart rate was not found to be significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.63). No significant difference was found in the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio between the two groups during the two periods (p > 0.05). The b* value was determined 45 min after slaughter, and it was significantly lower in the HG than that in the CG group (p = 0.002). Furthermore, 2 h after slaughter, the L value of the HG group was significantly higher than that of the CG group (p = 0.047), but no difference was observed in carcass quality or other meat quality indicators between the two groups (p > 0.05). The results indicate that gentle handling could reduce pigs’ anxiety and increase their willingness to approach the handler, increasing the intimacy of the pigs and handlers. However, long-term gentle handling had little effect on pig performance, carcass quality, and meat quality.

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER TOM TURKEYS SUBJECTED TO A POST-HATCH FAST AND OFFERED STARTING RATIONS OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. MORAN Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Commercial Source ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Medium Type

Commercial source, medium-type male poults were either placed in floor pens with food and water within 6 h after hatching or delayed a subsequent 24 h. Starting feed offered in each case was either of a normal (28% crude protein and 2,850 kcal ME/kg) or high (30% and 3,040 kcal) nutrient concentration. During the initial 2 wk, birds that had been fasted gained less weight but had a better feed conversion than those placed early. Poults which received a ration having a high nutrient concentration gained more weight and had a better feed conversion than those offered the normal diet. Mortality at this time was greater with birds subjected to a fast than those placed early. Having access to the higher nutrient concentration ration led to a greater mortaility than if the normal diet was employed. Body weight differences established during the first 2 wk remained throughout the experiment. Feed conversions of rations common to all groups during the subsequent 2- to 6-, 6-to 10- and 10- to 14-wk periods were not influenced by the early treatments after 6 wk of age. Slaughter at 14 wk did not reveal any differences in apparent carcass yield, conformation or finish grade. Degree of fleshing was reduced when poults were subjected to a post-hatch fast and partially improved when the high nutrient starting diet was fed. Effects of fasting and early nutrition on mortality and carcass changes are explained in terms of biochemical events occurring with the neonate.

scholarly journals The effect of supplementation of liquid and crystalline lysine to barley-distillers solids diet on the performance and carcass quality of pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-567
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Level

The response to dietary lysine of liquid or crystalline form was examined in pigs fed on cereal protein dietsover the range of live weight from 25.0 to 95.0 kg. Forty individually fed growing pigs (20 gilts and 20castrated males) were allocated to four isonitrogenous diets consisting of barley, undehydrated distillers solids and a mixture of minerals and vitamins with lysine supplementation of 0.9 or 3.2 g pure lysine per kg DM in liquid or crystalline form to provide 7.1 or 9.1 g/FU total lysine, respectively. The pigs were given feed on a restricted scale twice daily. A high level of lysine supplementation significantly increased the growth rate and improved the feed conversion efficiency (p

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Supplemented Feed on the Growth and Carcass Quality of Broilers in Calabar

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
N. E. Edu ◽  
P. B. Ekpo ◽  
A. J. Umoyen ◽  
T. L. Thomas ◽  
M. O. Akpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background: Rapid population growth of human and livestock create increasing demands for food, nutrition security in developing countries and therefore alternative feed resources must be identified and evaluated. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on supplemented feed on the growth and carcass quality of broilers in Calabar. Methodology: Fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera were bought and collected from Calabar, Nigeria. The leaves were dried for four days and milled. A total of 40 broiler chicks that 48 day-olds, unsexed (rose 308) were sourced from a reputable poultry farm in Calabar. The broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four treatment groups (A, B, C and D). 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of MOLM were incorporated into the broiler feed which constituted the four treatment groups. Each group was replicated ten times at 10 birds per replicate. The following parameters were taken including feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and carcass quality. Data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The diet supplemented with 5% of MOLM showed significantly high body weight and followed by 10% of MOLM. Feed intake values were significantly (p<0.05) different across the treatment groups. The weight gain (WG) was statistically similar for group B and C but significantly (p<0.05) different in group D; with birds fed with 10% MOLM based diet having the highest WG. The feed conversion ratio of the birds were not significantly (p>0.05) different in group B and C, but differed significantly (P<0.05) in group D when compared with the control in group A. Carcass characteristics showed higher values of dressing percentage in birds fed supplemented with 10% MOLM (group C). The levels of MOLM were not significantly different in terms of liver weight, heart weight, kidney weight and abdominal fat. Conclusion: Overall, the best significant improvement in the response indices were obtained in birds fed 10% MOLM, while there was a reduced performance of birds feed with 15% MOLM.

Influence of the physical form of oat grain on the fattening results and carcass quality of White Kołuda geese

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Kłopotek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Tissue Content ◽  
Group I ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Dressing Percentage

The aim of the study was to examine the influence of the physical form of oat grain (whole, crushed or ground grain) on the fattening results, feed conversion and carcass quality of the W-33 strain of White Kołuda (Biała Kołudzka®) geese. A total of 90 hatchlings (45 ♂♂ + 45 ♀♀) were randomly selected for the experiment. All geese were fed in the same way until the age of 14 weeks, receiving KB-1, KB-2 and KB-3 compound feeds in the amount of up to 300 g/individual/day and grass forage ad libitum. At the end of the 14th week, the geese were divided into three feeding groups (15 ♂♂ and 15 ♀♀ in each) and in the period from weeks 15 to 17, a total of 21 days, they were fed only hulled oat grain of the Rajtar cultivar. Group I received whole grain, group II crushed grain, and group III ground grain. After the fattening was completed, 5 male and 5 female geese from each of the three experimental groups were selected for slaughter analysis. The birds receiving whole oat grain had the highest body weight, weight gain from the 15th to the 17th week of life, feed conversion and dressing percentage. Male geese had higher body weight, higher muscle tissue content, and lower adipose tissue content than females (P≤0.01). The two sexes did not differ significantly in dressing percentage or content of abdominal fat.

The effect of diethylstilboestrol, hexoestrol and testosterone on the growth rate and carcass quality of fattening beef steers

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Burgess ◽  
G. E. Lamming
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Chick ◽  
Pituitary Glands

The use of the hormones, diethylstilboestrol, hexoestrol and testosterone propionate, as growth stimulants in beef cattle has been studied.The subcutaneous implantation of 60 mg. stilboestrol into steers fattening in yards produced a highly significant increase in rate of gain (65%) and little difference in the yield and quality of the carcass. The implantation of 24 nig. or 36 mg. of diethylstilboestrol or 30 mg. hexoestrol into Friesian bullocks fattening on pasture produced highly significant increases in rates of gain (29%, 48% and 33% respectively). No significant difference was found in the rates of gain produced by these three treatments.The oral administration of 10 mg. diethylstilboestrol per head per day for 168 days or the oral administration of 20 mg. rising to 40 mg. testosterone propionate per head per day for 154 days to dizygotic twin steers on equal feed intake significantly increased rate of gain by 15% and 21% respectively Feed efficiency as measured by the pounds of feed required to produce a pound of gain was significantly improved by both treatments. Carcass yield and carcass quality were not significantly affected by either treatment. No significant differences were found between the two treatments.Examination of the thyroid and adrenal glands of treated and untreated steers revealed no consistent changes in size due to treatment. The gonadotrophin and thyrotrophin content of the anterior pituitary glands of treated and untreated cattle were compared using the male chick bioassay. The results showed that a lower gonadotrophin content was not a factor associated with the extra growth due to treatment, but in two out of three experiments there was some evidence that sex-hormone treatment leads to a mild hyper-thyroidism which, in turn, resulted in a decrease in the thyrotrophin content of the anterior pituitary gland. It was concluded that hyperactivity of the thyroid gland was probably more important in accounting for the extra growth than hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex.

A note on the growth and carcass quality of Makui and Moghani lambs on different diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nik-Khah ◽  
R. Assadi-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARYThe effects of three diets on the performance and carcass quality of lambs of the Makui and Moghani breeds of sheep were studied. Thirty-two Makui and 33 Moghani lambs, 6 to 7 mo of age, were kept on feedlots and given three diets for 77 days. The diets each contained a barley, alfalfa meal and corn silage base plus different levels of urea, molasses and dried beet pulp.The average daily live-weight gains (ADG) of lambs fed on diets I (no urea), II (0·8% urea) and III (1·4% urea) were 218, 208 and 204 g respectively, while feed conversion ratios (FCR) were 6·3, 6·6 and 6·8 respectively. The overall ADG for Makui and Moghani lambs were 213·6 and 206·6 g respectively and the FCR were 6·4 and 6·9 respectively. None of these differences was statistically significant. The mean dressing percentages of lambs fed on diets I, II and III were 52·5, 52·7 and 53·9 respectively, and those of Makui (53·1) and Moghani lambs (53·3) were similar. There were only minor differences between the carcass characteristics of the two breeds and these were not influenced by the different diets.

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