Effects of Cage and Floor Pen Management on Behavior, Production, and Physiological Stress Responses of Laying Hens

Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.

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Cocaine-Related Environmental Cues Elicit Physiological Stress Responses

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e414792005-001 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Lori Whitten

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Environmental Cues

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Type A behavior and physiological stress responses in preschool children: Sex differences at the ages of three and four.

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e463052004-001 ◽

1987 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ulf Lundberg ◽

Olof Westermark ◽

Birgitta Rasch

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Type A ◽

Type A Behavior

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Associations between multisystem stress reactivity and peer nominated aggression in early childhood vary by sex

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579420001406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 1888-1898

Author(s):

Melissa J. Hagan ◽

Danielle S. Roubinov ◽

W. Thomas Boyce ◽

Nicole R. Bush

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Relational Aggression ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Physical Aggression ◽

Stress Reactivity ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Kindergarten Children ◽

Peer Ratings ◽

Cortisol Reactivity ◽

Physiological Stress Response

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that the development of problematic aggression in childhood may be associated with specific physiological stress response patterns, with both biological overactivation and underactivation implicated. This study tested associations between sex-specific patterns of stress responses across the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and peer nominations of aggression among 271 kindergarten children (Mean age = 5.32 years; 52% Female; 44% White). Upon entry to kindergarten, children participated in a multidomain standardized stress paradigm. Changes in pre-ejection period (PEP) and salivary cortisol were assessed. On a separate day, children provided peer ratings of physical and relational aggression in a standardized interview. As expected, there was a significant three-way interaction between PEP, cortisol reactivity, and sex, but only for physical aggression. Among boys, cortisol reactivity was positively associated with physical aggression only for those with higher SNS reactivity. Findings suggest that for boys, asymmetrical and symmetrical HPA/SNS reactivity may be associated with lower and higher risk for peer-directed physical aggression, respectively. Understanding the complex associations between multisystem physiology, child sex and peer-directed aggression in early childhood may offer insight into individual differences underlying the emergence of behavioral dysregulation in early peer contexts.

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Social isolation of goats: significance of visual contact with conspecifics on behavioral and physiological responses

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab150 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Govind Kannan ◽

Zaira M Estrada-Reyes ◽

Phaneendra Batchu ◽

Brou Kouakou ◽

Thomas H Terrill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Average Weight ◽

Median Frequency ◽

Visual Contact ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Rank Score

Abstract Social isolation can increase distress in goats, particularly when they cannot maintain visual contact with conspecifics. This experiment was conducted to determine the behavioral and physiological responses in goats during isolation with or without visual contact with conspecifics. Male Spanish goats (uncastrated, 8-mo old, average weight 29.4 ± 0.59 kg) were randomly assigned to a control (CO) group with no isolation or to one of four isolation treatment (TRT) pens (1.5 × 1.5 m) with: (1) open grill panels but with no visual contact with conspecifics (IO), (2) covered grill to prevent visual contact (IC), (3) open grill with visual contact (IV), or (3) covered grill with a 30 × 30 cm window to allow visual contact (IW) for 90 min of social isolation (n = 12 goats/TRT). Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min (Time) from isolated and control goats. The experiment was repeated one week later using the same animals, with each goat being subjected to the same isolation treatment the second time to study the effect of prior exposure to isolation. Friedman’s Two-Way ANOVA by Ranks Test in SAS showed that the median frequency of vocalization (rank score) in goats was high in IO group, low in IV and IW groups, and intermediate in IC group (P < 0.01). Vocalization rank score was also higher (P < 0.01) during the first 30 min of isolation in goats. Median frequency of visual contact was higher in the IW group than in the IV group (P < 0.01). Frequency of climbing behavior was high in IC and IO groups, low in IV group, and intermediate in IW group (P < 0.01). Repeated Measures Analysis using GLM procedures in SAS revealed that plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations tended (P < 0.1) to be the highest in IO group than in CO, IC, IV, and IW groups. Cortisol levels were also higher (Time; P < 0.05) at 0 and 90 min compared to 30 and 60 min. Norepinephrine concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) with Time, and plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were affected by TRT × Time interaction (P < 0.01). Overall, epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucose, and NEFA concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) and cortisol concentrations and lymphocyte counts higher (P < 0.01) when goats were exposed to isolation the second time. The results showed that goats with no visual contact with conspecifics during social isolation had greater physiological stress responses and spent more time vocalizing or trying to escape the pen, which may indicate distress.

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Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/0269881120972337 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026988112097233

Author(s):

Richard J Xia ◽

Thomas Chao ◽

Divya Patel ◽

Gillinder Bedi

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Social Stress ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Mood States ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Subjective Response ◽

Negative Mood States ◽

Stress Responding

Background: Aspects of the canonical stress response differ in stimulant, opioid, and alcohol users relative to controls, and dysregulated responses to stress may contribute to continued use of these drugs. Little prior research has focused on stress responses in regular cannabis smokers. We assessed responses to a standardized laboratory social stress assay (the Trier Social Stress Task; TSST) in regular cannabis smokers (CANs) compared with controls (CONs). Methods: Healthy, non-treatment-seeking adult CANs (⩾4×/week; smoking cannabis as usual) and demographically matched CONs completed the TSST. Outcome measures were subjective mood, heart rate, and salivary cortisol. Results: Nineteen CANs (1 female) and 20 CONs (2 female) participated; groups were matched on trauma exposure, sex, race, and age. CANs smoked cannabis 6.4 ± 1.1 days/week. Eight CANs and one CON smoked tobacco cigarettes daily. Overall, the TSST produced expected increases in anxiety, negative mood states, cortisol, and heart rate. CANs had blunted subjective response to stress relative to CONs, but they did not differ in physiological (cortisol and cardiovascular) stress responding. Conclusion: These results indicate that CANs have blunted mood responses to social stress, but normative physiological stress responding. Observed differences could be due to residual effects of cannabis, reluctance to endorse negative mood states, or to issues related to identifying (i.e., emotional identification) or feeling (i.e., interoception) stress-related affective states. Further research is warranted to characterize the mechanisms of these differences and assess implications for daily functioning and treatment outcomes.

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Non-medical prescription opioid users exhibit dysfunctional physiological stress responses to social rejection

Psychoneuroendocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 100 ◽

pp. 264-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sara L. Kroll ◽

DeWayne P. Williams ◽

Martina Thoma ◽

Matthias Staib ◽

Tina M. Binz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Social Rejection ◽

Prescription Opioid ◽

Medical Prescription ◽

Opioid Users

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The Effect of Extensive Human Presence at an Early Age on Stress Responses and Reactivity of Juvenile Ostriches towards Humans

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani8100175 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 175 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pfunzo Muvhali ◽

Maud Bonato ◽

Anel Engelbrecht ◽

Irek Malecki ◽

Denise Hough ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Visual Stimuli ◽

Stress Sensitivity ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Early Age ◽

Human Presence ◽

Human Voice ◽

Sexual Display

The effect of extensive human presence and regular gentle handling performed at an early age (0–3 months old) on stress responses and reactivity of juvenile ostriches towards humans was investigated. A total of 416 ostrich chicks over two years were exposed to one of three treatments for three months after hatching; namely, Human Presence 1 (HP1, N = 144): extensive/prolonged human presence with physical contact (touch, stroking), gentle human voice, and visual stimuli; Human Presence 2 (HP2, N = 136): extensive/prolonged human presence without physical contact, but with gentle human voice and visual stimuli; and the Standard treatment (S, N = 136): human presence limited to routine feed and water supply as a control. At 7.5 months of age, the plasma heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio was measured before and 72 h after feather harvesting and feather clipping to determine acute stress responses, while chronic stress was measured by quantification of corticosterone (CORT) concentrations in the floss feathers of the birds. Birds’ behavioural response towards a familiar or an unfamiliar handler was evaluated at 12 months using docility and fear tests, and through behavioural observations conducted on random days between the ages of 8–13 months. Willingness to approach, and to allow touch interactions, aggressiveness, and exhibition of sexual display towards the handler, was recorded. No difference in the H/L ratios before and after feather harvesting and clipping was observed in HP1 birds, whereas H/L ratios showed a significant increase 72 h post feather harvesting and clipping in HP2 and S birds (p < 0.05). Birds from the S treatment exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) higher feather CORT concentration compared with HP1 birds, while HP2 birds had intermediate responses. Birds’ reactivity towards humans and temperament as evaluated using behavioural observations, docility, and fear tests was not affected by treatment (p > 0.05). However, HP1 and HP2 birds were more inclined (p < 0.05) to approach a familiar rather than an unfamiliar handler during the behavioural observations, indicating an ability to distinguish between a familiar and an unfamiliar handler. Overall, the results indicate that early gentle human interactions with ostrich chicks can be beneficial in reducing physiological stress sensitivity later in life and facilitate the ability of ostriches to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar handlers.

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Pharmacological Strategies for Decreasing Opioid Therapy and Management of Side Effects from Chronic Use

Children ◽

10.3390/children5120163 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Genevieve D’Souza ◽

Anava A Wren ◽

Christina Almgren ◽

Alexandra C. Ross ◽

Amanda Marshall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pain Management ◽

Side Effects ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Opioid Therapy ◽

Outpatient Basis ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Pediatric Populations ◽

Special Expertise ◽

Pain Symptoms

As awareness increases about the side effects of opioids and risks of misuse, opioid use and appropriate weaning of opioid therapies have become topics of significant clinical relevance among pediatric populations. Critically ill hospitalized neonates, children, and adolescents routinely receive opioids for analgesia and sedation as part of their hospitalization, for both acute and chronic illnesses. Opioids are frequently administered to manage pain symptoms, reduce anxiety and agitation, and diminish physiological stress responses. Opioids are also regularly prescribed to youth with chronic pain. These medications may be prescribed during the initial phase of a diagnostic workup, during an emergency room visit; as an inpatient, or on an outpatient basis. Following treatment for underlying pain conditions, it can be challenging to appropriately wean and discontinue opioid therapies. Weaning opioid therapy requires special expertise and care to avoid symptoms of increased pain, withdrawal, and agitation. To address this challenge, there have been enhanced efforts to implement opioid-reduction during pharmacological therapies for pediatric pain management. Effective pain management therapies and their outcomes in pediatrics are outside the scope of this paper. The aims of this paper were to: 1) Review the current practice of opioid-reduction during pharmacological therapies; and 2) highlight concrete opioid weaning strategies and management of opioid withdrawal.

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