Inhibition of the virulence, antibiotic resistance, and fecal shedding of multiple antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in broilers fed Original XPC™

A key challenge in antibiotic stewardship is figuring out how to use antibiotics therapeutically without promoting the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Here, we demonstrate proof of concept for an adjunctive therapy that allows intravenous antibiotic treatment without driving the evolution and onward transmission of resistance. We repurposed the FDA-approved bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine, which we show binds the antibiotic daptomycin, as an ‘anti-antibiotic’ to disable systemically-administered daptomycin reaching the gut. We hypothesized that adjunctive cholestyramine could enable therapeutic daptomycin treatment in the bloodstream, while preventing transmissible resistance emergence in opportunistic pathogens colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. We tested this idea in a mouse model of Enterococcus faecium gastrointestinal tract colonization. In mice treated with daptomycin, adjunctive cholestyramine therapy reduced the fecal shedding of daptomycin-resistant E. faecium by up to 80-fold. These results provide proof of concept for an approach that could reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance for important hospital pathogens.

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Effects of Antibiotic Regimens on the Fecal Shedding Patterns of Pigs Infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-63.6.709 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 709-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

PAUL D. EBNER ◽

ALAN G. MATHEW

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Time Effect ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Fecal Shedding ◽

Overall Resistance ◽

Ceftiofur Sodium ◽

Over Time

An experiment was conducted to determine (i) the effects of antibiotic regimens on the shedding patterns of pigs infected with Salmonella Typhimurium and (ii) whether antibiotic resistance increases the incidence of pathogen shedding. The experiment involved 48 50-day-old pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium and receiving one of four antibiotic regimens including (i) intramuscular injection of ceftiofur sodium followed by inclusion of oxytetracycline in the feed; (ii) apramycin in the feed for 14 days followed by oxytetracycline; (iii) carbadox in the feed until pigs reached 35 kg followed by oxytetracycline; (iv) no antibiotics (control). Fecal samples were collected preinoculation, 2 and 4 days postinoculation (DPI) and at weekly and biweekly intervals thereafter to determine shedding patterns. Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from 2, 4, 7, 21, 42, and 70 DPI were analyzed for antibiotic resistance. A time effect (P < 0.05) was observed, indicating that the proportion of isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic varied over time. Overall resistance was determined to be 46% at 2 DPI and increased significantly (P < .05) thereafter. Treatment × time and antibiotic × time interactions were also observed (P < 0.05) as the percentage of isolates resistant to each test antibiotic increased over time. In no case did the development of antibiotic resistance result in an increased incidence of shedding of the original inoculate. The incidence of shedding was reduced in pigs receiving the apramycin–oxytetracycline treatment, when compared to control pigs; however, no differences were observed between antibiotic treatments.

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Associations between Bacteriophage Resistance and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes in Laboratory and Clinical strains of Salmonella Typhimurium

10.21203/rs.2.10995/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Md Jalal Uddin ◽

Juhee Ahn

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacteriophage P22 ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽

Resistant Mutants ◽

Mutant Frequency ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Mutants

Abstract Background Bacteriophages have received great attention as alternative over antibiotics due to the host specificity. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the associations between bacteriophage-insensitive (BI) and antibiotic-resistant mutants of Salmonella Typhimurium strains. Bacteriophage-sensitive Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (BSSTWT), ciprofloxacin-induced S. Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (BSSTCIP), S. Typhimurium KCCM 40253 (BSSTLAB), and clinically isolated multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium CCARM 8009 (BSSTMDR) were used to induce the bacteriophage-insensitive mutants (BISTWT, BISTCIP, BISTLAB, and BISTMDR) against bacteriophage P22. Results The numbers of BSSTWT, BSSTCIP, and BSSTLAB were reduced by P22 (>3 log), while the least lytic activity was observed for BSSTMDR. BSSTWT treated with P22 showed the large variation in the cell state (CV>40%) and highest mutant frequency (62%), followed by 25% for STCIP. The least similarities between BSSTWT and BISTWT were observed at P22 and PBST-13 (<12%). The antibiotic susceptibilities were not significantly changed or slightly increased against BISTWT, BISTCIP, BISTLAB, and BISTMDR. The relative expression levels of bacteriophage-binding receptor-related genes (btuB, fhuA, fliK, fljB, ompC, ompF, rfaL, and tolC) were decreased in BISTCIP and BSSTMDR. Conclusion The results could pave the way for the application of bacteriophages as an alternative to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Chlorine Inactivation of Nonresistant and Antibiotic-Resistant Strains of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Chicken Carcasses†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-499 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 1031-1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. P. OSCAR ◽

R. TASMIN ◽

S. PARVEEN

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Shape Parameter ◽

Inactivation Kinetics ◽

Power Law Model ◽

Nonlinear Kinetics ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Chilled Water ◽

Resistant Strains

A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that strains of Salmonella Typhimurium that are resistant to antibiotics are more resistant to chlorine in chilled water than strains of Salmonella Typhimurium that are not resistant to antibiotics. To test this hypothesis, strains (n = 16) of Salmonella Typhimurium with four antibiotic resistance profiles were tested for their inactivation kinetics in chlorinated (30 ppm, pH 6) water at 4°C. The four antibiotic resistance profiles were (i) none; (ii) tetracycline-sulfisoxazole (T-Su); (iii) tetracycline-ampicillin-amoxicillin-cefoxitin-ceftiofur-sulfisoxazole (T-A-Am-C-Ce-Su); and (iv) tetracycline-ampicillin-amoxicillin-cefoxitin-ceftiofur-sulfisoxazole-kanamycin (T-A-Am-C-Ce-Su-K). Inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium in chlorinated water displayed nonlinear kinetics with a concave downward curve that fit well (R2 = 0.964) to the power law model, with a shape parameter of 1.37. The time for a single log reduction (D-value) of Salmonella Typhimurium from an initial concentration of 5.36 log/ml did not differ (P > 0.05) among the four antibiotic resistance groups and ranged from 3.8 to 4.3 min for n = 4 strains per group. Thus, the hypothesis was rejected, and it was concluded that expression of an antibiotic resistance phenotype does not confer cross-protection in Salmonella Typhimurium to chlorine inactivation in chilled water.

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An adjunctive therapy administered with an antibiotic prevents enrichment of antibiotic-resistant clones of a colonizing opportunistic pathogen

10.1101/2020.04.24.059444 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie J. Morley ◽

Clare L. Kinnear ◽

Derek G. Sim ◽

Samantha N. Olson ◽

Lindsey M. Jackson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Adjunctive Therapy ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Intravenous Antibiotic ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Fecal Shedding

AbstractA key challenge in antibiotic stewardship is figuring out how to use antibiotics therapeutically without promoting the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Here, we demonstrate proof of concept for an adjunctive therapy that allows intravenous antibiotic treatment without driving the evolution and onward transmission of resistance. We repurposed the FDA-approved bile sequestrant cholestyramine, which we show binds the antibiotic daptomycin, as an ‘anti-antibiotic’ to disable systemically-administered daptomycin reaching the gut. We hypothesized that adjunctive cholestyramine could enable therapeutic daptomycin treatment in the bloodstream, while preventing transmissible resistance emergence in opportunistic pathogens colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. We tested this idea in a mouse model of Enterococcus faecium gastrointestinal tract colonization. In mice treated with daptomycin, adjunctive cholestyramine therapy reduced the fecal shedding of daptomycin-resistant E. faecium by up to 80-fold. These results provide proof of concept for an approach that could reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance for important hospital pathogens.

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Relationship of antibiotic resistance to results of treatment in sepsis patients in Hue Central Hospital 2017 – 2018

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2019.5.7 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 48-54

Author(s):

Duy Binh Nguyen ◽

Trung Tien Phan ◽

Trong Hanh Hoang ◽

Van Tuan Mai ◽

Xuan Chuong Tran

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Central Hospital ◽

International Consensus ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Results Of Treatment ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Relationship Of

Sepsis is a serious bacterial infection. The main treatment is using antibiotics. However, the rate of antibiotic resistance is very high and this resistance is related to the outcome of treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the situation of antibiotic resistance of some isolated bacteria in sepsis patients treated at Hue Central Hospital; to evaluate the relationship of antibiotic resistance to the treatment results in patients with sepsis. Subjects and methods: prospective study of 60 sepsis patients diagnosed according to the criteria of the 3rd International Consensus-Sepsis 3 and its susceptibility patterns from April 2017 to August 2018. Results and Conclusions: The current agents of sepsis are mainly S. suis, Burkhoderiae spp. and E. coli. E. coli is resistant to cephalosporins 3rd, 4th generation and quinolone group is over 75%; resistance to imipenem 11.1%; the ESBL rate is 60%. S. suis resistant to ampicilline 11.1%; no resistance has been recorded to ceftriaxone and vancomycine. Resistance of Burkholderiae spp. to cefepime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was 42.9% and 55.6%, resistant to imipenem and meropenem is 20%, resistance to ceftazidime was not recorded. The deaths were mostly dued to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The mortality for patients infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are higher than for sensitive groups. Key words: Sepsis, bacterial infection, antibiotics

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Extracellular DNA (eDNA): Neglected and Potential Sources of Antibiotic Resistant Genes (ARGs) in the Aquatic Environments

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9110874 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 874

Author(s):

Periyasamy Sivalingam ◽

John Poté ◽

Kandasamy Prabakar

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Health Risk ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Extracellular Dna ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Environmental Bacteria ◽

Global Threat ◽

Potential Public Health

Over the past decades, the rising antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) are continuing to emerge as a global threat due to potential public health risk. Rapidly evolving antibiotic resistance and its persistence in the environment, have underpinned the need for more studies to identify the possible sources and limit the spread. In this context, not commonly studied and a neglected genetic material called extracellular DNA (eDNA) is gaining increased attention as it can be one of the significant drivers for transmission of extracellular ARGS (eARGs) via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to competent environmental bacteria and diverse sources of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Consequently, this review highlights the studies that address the environmental occurrence of eDNA and encoding eARGs and its impact on the environmental resistome. In this review, we also brief the recent dedicated technological advancements that are accelerating extraction of eDNA and the efficiency of treatment technologies in reducing eDNA that focuses on environmental antibiotic resistance and potential ecological health risk.

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