scholarly journals The Divergence Hypothesis in Modernization Theory Across Three European Countries: the UK, Sweden and Greece

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Kalogeraki
Keyword(s):  
Belief System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
The Social ◽  
Greek Orthodox Church ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Research Show

Following a comparative approach it is argued that the modernizing trajectories of three European countries, i.e., the UK, Sweden and Greece were different, as the cultural heritages of the three countries under study, formed by specific historical, political and religious events have acted as a filter of their modernization processes and left an imprint on the prevailing values. England followed a type of modernization associated with “bourgeois revolutions”, Sweden was highly influenced by the popular belief system of solidarity of the political culture of Scandinavian nations and Greece, although increasingly modern, can be associated with a more traditional, top to bottom, version of modernization, highly influenced by the Greek Orthodox Church. Secondary data and empirical research show that the different modernizing paths in the three countries have formed their main cultural characteristics; the UK is portrayed as an individualistic culture,Sweden as an amalgamation of both individualism and collectivism, and Greece as a traditional and more collectivist one. As culture, in the Parsonian approach, acts as the binder of the social world it has functioned as a mediating mechanism, shaping the personality traits and social relationships among British, Swedish and Greek citizens in the direction of an individualistic and/or a collectivist ethos. Whilst the thesis of the article does not support the bipolarity of the “divergence” and “convergence” hypotheses it provides some evidence to the former suggesting that modernization does not always take a simple linear path providing no room for variations.

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of social approval of the phenomenon of vegetarianism in Russia and the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
V. A. Pitkin ◽  
L. A. Holodnaya
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk

The article presents an analysis of the social phenomenon of vegetarianism from a historical, medical and sociological point of view. The purpose of this article is to analyze secondary data from cross-cultural studies in Russia and the UK. The main task was to highlight the main features of the attitude towards vegetarianism in the framework of the "Western" mentality and to study the perception of the phenomenon of vegetarianism in the minds of Russians, to compare the data obtained. To accomplish the set tasks, the analysis of theoretical material on the topic of vegetarianism as a phenomenon of modern society, its main types, specificity as a system of sociocultural patterns was carried out. In the course of an empirical analysis of intercountry trends in the field of attitudes towards vegetarianism, the following points were recorded using the example of two countries. The proportion of people on a vegetarian or vegan diet is higher in the UK. However, both in Russia and in the UK, 10–15% of respondents were found who could try this type of diet and stick to it for about a month. In Russia, personal well-being and health is more often the argument in favor of a vegetarian diet, while in the UK people are more interested in protecting the environment.

scholarly journals STATE POLICY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AS A SOCIAL SAFETY FACTOR: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM THE 17th to 21th CENTURIES.

2021 ◽  
pp. 752-770
Author(s):  
Svitlana Surgova ◽  
Olena Faichuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

The historical aspect of the development of state social policy of social protection of children in Europe from the 17th to 21th centuries is considered in the article. The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the historical development of the state policy of social protection of children in European countries of the 17th to 21th centuries and learning from the experience of social protection of children in the context of Ukraine's European integration. The regulatory framework of the system of social protection of children in Ukraine has been studied. The statistic on different categories of children in need of social protection by the state is analyzed. The structure of the system of social protection of children in Ukraine is considered. The research methodology is based on the principle of priority of universal human values. As part of the tools of the proposed work the theoretical one is the analysis and generalization of scientific sources, educational and methodological publications on the theme and synthesis, as well as comparison and generalization of data. Based on the analysis of materials on the peculiarities of social protection in the UK, Germany, France, Sweden and Norway, it was determined that the social protection of children in Europe is characterized by assistance to them in providing conditions for the realization of their rights and freedoms. Equally important is the setting up of various charitable institutions, schools, penal colonies that help children change, as well as the emergence of social services that protect the rights and interests of children. The authors suggest that in the course of the studying the history of the issue of state policy of children’s social protection, there is an opportunity for analogies, the implementation of already proven steps on the path of democratization of national social protection policy. The researchers see the prospects for further research in the study of global innovative forms of social protection and support for at-risk children.

scholarly journals DaT18 Database: A Prosopographical Approach to the Study of the Social Structures of Religious Dissent in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Transylvania

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Radu Nedici
Keyword(s):  
Relational Database ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Religious Dissent ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
The Social ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Greek Orthodox Church ◽  
The Many

"Drawing on the many records created by the Habsburg state during the confessional troubles in Transylvania from the 1740s to the 1760s, the DaT18 project merges digital instruments and prosopography to arrive at sketching the social pattern of the Orthodox leadership. This article briefly discusses the technical choices involved in building the relational database that my approach centres on, before talking in more detail about the challenges faced when transposing the information in the primary sources into digital format. First, the question of making use of structured vs. unstructured data, as most of the documents I work with already present some form of tabular layout, while the more narrative ones require different strategies to mitigate losses when converting them. Secondly, the difficult process of record linkage, with many of the persons only mentioned by their first name and no surname to help label each individual entered in more than one source. Lastly, the daunting task of estimating economic resources, since there was no reliable standard in an age that saw four different fiscal systems in use and many regional flavours within the same scheme. Keywords: prosopography, relational database, clerical careers, data structuring, Greek Orthodox Church."

scholarly journals Pengungkapan Sustainability Report dan Nilai Perusahan: Studi Empiris di Indonesia dan Singapura

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tedy Kurniawan ◽  
Hafiez Sofyani ◽  
Evi Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sustainability Report ◽  
Research Show

The categories of sustainability report disclosure consist of economic, environment, and social. This research aims to examine the influence of each categories of sustainability report disclosure on firm value. This research use secondary data from all companies that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange and Singapore Stock Exchange in 2014-2016. There are 116 samples that obtained from purposive sampling method. The results of this research show that only economic category of sustainability report has positive influence on firm value in Indonesia and Singapore. The environment category of sustainability report has negative influence on firm value, while the social category doesn’t have influence on firm value. The result of this research indicate that sustainability report disclosure which reported appropriately with choosen standard, especially in economic category will be useful to increase firm value in the point of view of investors. Keywords: sustainability report, GRI-G4, firm value

Pesan Dakwah Hasan Al-Banna dalam Buku Majmu’at al-Rasail

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-340
Author(s):  
M. Hanif Fuadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Living System ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Research Show

This article analyzes the message of Hasan al-Banna's preaching in the book Majmu'at al-Rasail relating to the aqeedah, sharia and morals. The study used critical discouse analysis method of Norman Fairclough with an emphasis on the background of the social situation until the message of da'wah was formulated. The results of the research show that the message of da'wah in the book Majmu'at al-Rasail can be explained, among others: the message of the faith in theological discourse, the message of sharia in the discourse of power and the moral message in the discourse of social relations. The monotheistic belief system must be able to provide the divine spirit in all dimensions of life. This spirit grows out of true, pure, clean faith from the element of shirk to God; the sharia system requires applicable law according to the teachings of Islam, focusing on a number of social and political problems that hit the country of Egypt after the destruction of the Ottoman Caliph which fell into British hands. The message of Hasan al-Banna's preaching was oriented towards reforming the living system which was damaged by colonialism and desirous of returning it to the Islamic system.Artikel ini menganalisis pesan dakwah Hasan al-Banna dalam buku Majmu’at al-Rasail yang berkaitan dengan akidah, syariah dan akhlak. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough dengan penekanan pada latar situasi sosial sampai pesan dakwah terumuskan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pesan dakwah dalam  buku Majmu’at al-Rasail dapat  dijelaskan antara lain: pesan akidah dalam wacana teologi, pesan syariah dalam wacana kekuasaan dan pesan akhlak dalam wacana relasi sosial. Sistem keyakinan tauhid harus mampu memberikan semangat ketuhanan dalam segenap dimensi kehidupan. Semangat tersebut tumbuh dari akidah yang benar, murni, bersih dari unsur syirik kepada Allah; sistem syariah menghendaki hukum yang berlaku sesuai ajaran Islam, fokus pada sejumlah permasalahan sosial dan politik yang melanda negeri Mesir pasca kehancuran Khalifah Utsmaniyah yang jatuh ke tangan Inggris. Pesan dakwah Hasan al-Banna berorientasi pada pembenahan sistem kehidupan yang rusak karena penjajahan dan berhasrat mengembalikannya pada sistem Islam.

scholarly journals Struktur sosial dan tatanan spasial permukiman Desa Adat Penglipuran, Kecamatan Kubu, Kabupaten Bangli, Provinsi Bali

2020 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
I Made Agus Dharmadiatmika ◽  
Naniek Kohdrata
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Research Show

The research method was carried out using in-depth qualitative descriptive observation method. The results of the research show that Penglipuran Traditional Village is a village that had a very high social system ranging from development, environment, culture to the formation of awig-awig which is formulated together with the community and for the benefit of the community it self. The Penglipuran Indigenous Village community has very strong socio-cultural values, so that the socio-cultural values ??in the community are able to form a very unique spatial pattern of village spaces. The social values ??that make up the spatial pattern of the Penglipuran Traditional Village spaces are inseparable from the influence of elements of the belief system, respect for the older, history, ecotomy, cultural activities, and awig-awig as a binding non-formal legal basis. The pattern of the Penglipuran Traditional Village space was formed due to the strong influence of Hindu values ??which was implemented with the development of space with the concept of sanga mandala. Changing the function of space and increasing new spaces are formed due to the increase in family members and the needs of families or members of the Penglipuran Traditional Village community. The kinship between neighbors with close family values ??in the Penglipuran Traditional Village is manifested in the existence of access within the yard which connects between them. The economic level of the Penglipuran Traditional Village community is influenced by non-agrarian income and the entry of tourism, resulting in a shift in the function of space and building ornaments.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities in parent-reported and teacher-reported psychological well-being

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lewis ◽  
Steven Hope ◽  
Anna Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Teacher Report ◽  
The Social ◽  
Uk Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveTo determine whether there are differences in the social gradient of parent-reported and teacher-reported child psychological well-being.DesignSecondary data analysis comparing ratings of child psychological well-being (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) in the UK Millennium Cohort Study at 7 years by socioeconomic circumstances (SEC). A number of measures of SEC were tested; results are reported for maternal education. From a sample of 13 168 singletons who participated at the age of 7 years, complete data were available for 8207 children.ResultsThere was a social gradient in SDQ scores reported by parents and teachers, with ‘borderline/abnormal’ scores more prevalent in children with lower-educated mothers. However, the gradient was more marked in parent report compared with teacher report, and discrepancies between parent and teacher reports were greatest for children from higher SECs.ConclusionsThe social gradient in child psychological well-being, although present, was weaker in teacher report compared with parent report. This may be because children behave differently in school and home settings, or parents and teachers demonstrate reporting bias.

Taboo or Gift? The Lord’s Day in Byzantium

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Jane Baun
Keyword(s):  
Church History ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Church Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Orthodox Church ◽  
Moral Attitudes

Church history has tended to trace the development of doctrine, either orthodox or heretical, canonical or anti-canonical. This paper, however, examines ‘para-canonical’ ideas, those which develop alongside the canonical – not quite heretical, but not fully orthodox either. Canonical norms, while constant in principle, have always been subject in practice to multiple understandings. Most of these shifting understandings, among groups or individuals, are fleeting and can never be recovered; this is why the history of the reception of canonical norms is so elusive. But for the social historian of religion, reception is often more interesting than the norms themselves.What actually ‘trickles down’ from what the bishops teach? This paper will maintain that some record of how things ‘trickled down’ is preserved in para-canonical religious texts, commonly known as ‘apocryphal’ literature. It considers various ways in which the canonical norms of the Greek Orthodox Church concerning the Lord’s Day were understood in a specific time and place: medieval Byzantium, between the ninth and the twelfth centuries. This was a crucial formative period for Orthodox Church culture, both Greek and Slav, during which ritual and moral attitudes that still obtain today were being worked out.

scholarly journals Strategies and Optimizing the Role of Productive Waqf in Economic Empowerment of the Ummah

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Rian Ardiyansyah ◽  
Abdurrohman Kasdi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
The People ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
Research Show

<p><em><span lang="ES">The understanding and empowerment of waqf assets among Muslims has undergone significant changes in both paradigm and operational practices. The development of productive waqf aims to achieve social justice and improve the welfare of people. Therefore, productive waqf has two visions at once, destroying unequal social structures and providing fertile land for the welfare of the people. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The data used were secondary data, namely, literature studies or relevant previous research results. The results of his research show that waqf plays an important role as an instrument to empower the economy of the people. Waqf has played an important role in the social, economic, and cultural development of society. There are at least four basic problems with the Islamic da'wah movement. First, the problem of poverty, both in terms of the economy and limited facilities and physical needs, creates a culture of poverty. Second, the twisting of the kemikinan prompts the symptoms of underdevelopment. Third, there was an exclusive and involutive attitude. Finally, the weakness of the institutions for accommodating participation and the weakness of the cooperation mechanism to wage a systematic struggle. Thus, waqf is an alternative that is expected to provide solutions to these problems. Therefore, the optimal management of waqf objects is required.</span></em></p>

PENGARUH PENYELENGGARAAN HAJI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS EKONOMl DI WILAYAH PROPINSI DKI JAKARTA

ALQALAM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Chairul Akmal
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This research analyzes some factors affecting economic activities in relation with the conduct of pilgrimage. Those factors are the pilgrimage cost, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers. The objective of this research is to acquire the information of how each factor and all factors together affect the economic activities. This research also analyzes the effect of foods and drinks expenses, the effect of nonfoods and drinks expenses, and the effect of miscellaneous expenses on UMKM - Micro, Small, Medium enterprises' economic activities.             This research is conducted in DKI Jakarta in 2007. The population of this research is the average economic activities in DKI Jakarta in 2007. There are 42 respondents (Banks), 157 respondents (travel agencies), and 50 respondents (UMKM - Micro, Small, Medium enterprises) which are taken as samples from the population using the purposive sampling method. The data is obtained by the researcher using questioners and secondary data which is taken from 1990-2007.             The methodology used in this research is based on. the causal relationship model In testing the hypothesis of this research, the researcher uses the simple and multiple regression methods, and path analysis method. The significant rate a = 0,05 used in determining the interpretation of the statistic result. The data is processed using SPSS (Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences) version 12.00.             The results of the analysis in the 1st equation -are (i) the effect of the pilgrimage cost on banks' revenues is quite strong, (ii) the effect of the pilgrimage cost on travel agencies' revenues is quite strong, (iii) the effect of the pilgrimage cost on UMKM - Micro, Small, Medium enterprises' revenues is weak.             The results of the analysis in the 2nd equation are (i) the effect, of the amount of pilgrims on Banks' revenues is very weak, (ii) the effect of the amount of pilgrims on travel agencies' revenues is very weak, (iii) the effect of the amount of pilgrims on UMKM - Micro, Smal4 Medium enterprises' revenues is very weak.             The results of the analysis in the 3rd equation are (i) the effect of the amount of pilgrimage officers on banks' revenues is very weak, (ii) the effect of the amount of pilgrimage officers on travel agencies' revenues is very weak, (iii) the effect of the amount officers on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is very weak.   The results of the analysis in the 4th equation are (i) the effect of all three factors which are the pilgrimage cost, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers simultaneously on banks' revenues is very strong, (ii) The effect of all three factors which are pilgrimage costs, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers simultaneously on travel agencies' revenues is strong, (iii) The effect of all three factors which are pilgrimage costs, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers simultaneously on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is strong.             The result of the analysis in the 5th equation is the effect of foods and drinks expenses on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is weak. In the 6th equation, the effect of nonfoods and drinks expenses on UMKM-Micro, small Medium enterprises' revenues is weak. In the 7th equation, the effect of miscellaneous expenses on UMKM - Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is quite strong. In the 8th equation, the effect of all three factors which are the effect of foods and drinks expenses, the effect of nonfoods and drinks expenses, and the effect of miscellaneous expenses simultaneously on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is quite strong.             The implication of the research results mentioned above is the factors in the conduct of pilgrimage do increase the economic activities (Banks, Travel Agencies, and UMKM - Micro, Smal4 Medium enterprises) in DKI Jakarta. Therefore, considering that matter, the General Director of the conduct of pilgrimage division of Department of Religion Republic of Indonesia should determine the pilgrimage cost which is affordable, increase the service, and provide a good information system which will result in a better conduct of the pilgrimage. Key word: The Costs of Hajj, Hajj Officer, Travel Agency, UMKM

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