scholarly journals Choosing a Human Capital Measure: Educational Attainment Gaps and Rankings

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Fraumeni
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Attainment Gaps

Skills Formation Across Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
G. Monusova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Job Training ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Cross Country

Educational attainment and vocational training are important components of the human capital and they both show large cross-country variation. Large differences in vocational training between countries have two major interconnected explanations. The first one deals with structural differences in technological structure of labour demand, while the second one associates incidence of on-the-job training with institutional environment fertile for high tech developments.

Childhood Health and Human Capital: New Evidence from Genetic Brothers in Arms

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Parman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
New Evidence

Negative shocks to childhood health can have a lasting impact on the economic success of an individual by altering families' schooling investment decisions. This article introduces a new dataset of brothers serving in World War II and uses it to demonstrate that improvements in childhood health led to substantial increases in educational attainment in the first one-half of the twentieth century. By exploiting variation in health within families, the data show that this relationship between childhood health and educational attainment holds even after controlling for both observed and unobserved household and environmental characteristics.

scholarly journals Getting a Barista Job: Adjudicating the Impact of Human Capital, Social Capital, Age and Gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Ed Collom
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
High Status ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study concerns the role of human capital, social capital, age, and gender in acquiring a job as an entry-level barista. Employment records were coded and analyzed in order to identify the key factors differentiating this applicant pool. The results from multivariate models produce fewer positive associations between human capital and social capital indicators than the literature suggests. Those with greater educational attainment are more likely to have high-status references on their applications. As seen in previous literature, the social capital of applicants is not very relevant in acquiring this entry-level job. Overall, educational attainment was most salient in increasing the odds of being interviewed and hired. The managers responsible for these decisions appear to favor formal higher education over work experience or references. The findings are discussed vis-à-vis women’s gains in higher education, the growth of the service sector, and the aging of the U.S. population.

The Rise of Global Human Capital and the End of World Population Growth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Lutz ◽  
KC Samir
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex

This is the first of three chapters that present the population projections by age, sex, and level of educational attainment for all countries in the world with a time horizon of 2060, and extensions to 2100. Before discussing the Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (WIC) projections, however, it is worth stepping back to consider how social structures change over time. While understanding the evolution of social structures is important under the conventional demographic approach that breaks down populations by age and sex, a more in-depth understanding of the changes in human capital requires that the interplay between different levels of schooling over time (the flow variable), and the changing educational attainment composition of the adult population (the stock variable) be taken into account. Societies can be stratified along several dimensions. In conventional social science the divisions studied refer to social class, race, or ethnicity. Demographers routinely break down populations by age and sex. Another important demographic dimension is that of birth cohorts or generations, that is, persons born and socialized during the same historical period. Particularly during periods of rapid social change, young cohorts tend to differ from older ones in important respects, and the demographic process of generational replacement is a powerful driver of socio-economic change. This process is analytically described by the theory of ‘Demographic Metabolism’, recently introduced as a generalized predictive demographic theory of socio-economic change by the first author (Lutz, 2013), building on earlier work by Mannheim (1952) and Ryder (1965). Ryder, who introduced the notion of Demographic Metabolism in a qualitative way, saw it as the main force of social change. While this theory applies to many stable human characteristics that are acquired at young age and remain invariant over a lifetime, it is particularly appropriate for studying and modelling the dynamics of the change in the distributions of highest educational attainment by age and sex over time. This perspective on human capital formation is the main focus of this book. This first of the three results chapters will highlight the results with respect to future population numbers by level of education in different parts of the world.

scholarly journals Forced Migration and Human Capital: Evidence from Post-WWII Population Transfers

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1430-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha O. Becker ◽  
Irena Grosfeld ◽  
Pauline Grosjean ◽  
Nico Voigtländer ◽  
Ekaterina Zhuravskaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Family History ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
World War ◽  
Long Run ◽  
History Of

We study the long-run effects of forced migration on investment in education. After World War II, millions of Poles were forcibly uprooted from the Kresy territories of eastern Poland and resettled (primarily) in the newly acquired Western Territories, from which the Germans were expelled. We combine historical censuses with newly collected survey data to show that, while there were no pre-WWII differences in educational attainment, Poles with a family history of forced migration are significantly more educated today than other Poles. These results are driven by a shift in preferences away from material possessions toward investment in human capital. (JEL I25, I26, J24, N34, R23)

scholarly journals Technology-Skill Complementarity in Early Phases of Industrialization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Franck ◽  
Oded Galor
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Technology Skill ◽  
Early Phases

Abstract The research explores the effect of early industrialization on human capital formation. Exploiting exogenous regional variations in the adoption of steam engines across France, the study suggests that, in contrast to conventional wisdom that views early industrialization as a predominantly deskilling process, the industrial revolution was conducive for human capital formation, generating wide-ranging gains in literacy rates and educational attainment. However this increase in human capital formation was limited to basic literacy and numeracy and did not entail an increase in the share of pupils in middle and high-school in the population.

scholarly journals Prediction of neonatal and maternal index based on development and population indicators: a global ecological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Abdollahpour Sedigheh ◽  
Miri Hamid Heidarian ◽  
Khadivzadeh Talat
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Economic Participation ◽  
Human Capital Index

Introduction: Although worldwide maternal and neonatal mortalities have decreased, but Achieving sustainable development goals remains an unfinished agenda and global challenge. This study aimed to predict neonatal and maternal index based on development and demographic indicators. Methods: In this ecologic study, the dependent variables were Maternal mortality ratio (MMR), Neonatal mortality rate (NMR), and Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) and the independent variables were Gender gap index (GGI) and its four components, human development, life expectancy, total fertility rate, and population growth. Data conducted using international secondary data published data bases of health metrics from 2016 to 2018 in 149 countries from WHO (World Health Organization), World Economic Forum, UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). Data analysis was performed using correlation model in Stata version 14.1 software. Results: In this study, economic participation and total fertility rate are positively and educational attainment, Human Capital Index and life expectancy are negatively associated with MMR. Human Capital Index, Educational attainment, and Life expectancy are negatively associated with NMR. Economic participation and total fertility rate are positively and educational attainment, Human Capital Index and life expectancy are negatively associated with U5MR. Discussion: To reduce the maternal and neonatal mortality rate, it is important to pay attention to indirect causes such as equal conditions for men and women to demographic and population indices such as economic participation, educational attainment, Human Capital Index and life expectancy.

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