scholarly journals A Case of Eccrine Chromhidrosis Due to Multivitamin Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Nazife Alpman ◽  
Filiz Ak
Keyword(s):  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Glands ◽  
Multivitamin Use ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands

Chromhidrosis is a rare condition with a characteristic presentation of the secretion of colored sweat by apocrine or eccrine sweat glands. Eccrine chromhidrosis may occur by some water-soluble dyes in the systemic circulation, as a result of drug metabolism such as quinine, bisacodyl, clofazimine etc. or due to contamination of micro-organisms and rarely hyperbilirubinemia. The first and most important step for diagnosis of eccrine chromhidrosis is clinical evaluation. In the treatment of chromhidrosis, the suspected dye or drug should be eliminated from the body. This case report describes a patient who was diagnosed with eccrine chromhidrosis as a result of drug metabolism. The patient presented to the outpatient family medicine clinic of Ibn-i Sina Hospital with a complaint of blue sweating. Keywords: eccrine glands, vitamins, sweating, family practice

Morphology and distribution of sweat glands in the Cape fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Carnivora:Otariidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Rotherham ◽  
M. van der Merwe ◽  
M. N. Bester ◽  
W. H. Oosthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Cape Fur Seal ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study examined whether sweat glands are present in the skin of the Cape fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus. Sweat glands have an important role in thermoregulation; the presence or absence of sweat glands in the fur-covered and naked skin areas of the Cape fur seal was investigated using standard histological procedures and light and scanning electron microscopy. Sweat glands were present in both fur-covered and naked skin areas. The skin layers in the naked skin areas were thicker than those in the fur-covered areas, presumably to protect them against abrasions in the absence of hair. The density of apocrine sweat glands did not differ among the body regions; however, both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands were larger in naked skin areas than in fur-covered areas. This increased size of the glands suggests a more active role for the glands in the naked skin areas, and a higher heat-loss capability through evaporative cooling in these body regions.

scholarly journals A genetic basis of variation in eccrine sweat gland and hair follicle density

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (32) ◽  
pp. 9932-9937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana G. Kamberov ◽  
Elinor K. Karlsson ◽  
Gerda L. Kamberova ◽  
Daniel E. Lieberman ◽  
Pardis C. Sabeti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Gland ◽  
Eccrine Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

Among the unique features of humans, one of the most salient is the ability to effectively cool the body during extreme prolonged activity through the evapotranspiration of water on the skin’s surface. The evolution of this novel physiological ability required a dramatic increase in the density and distribution of eccrine sweat glands relative to other mammals and a concomitant reduction of body hair cover. Elucidation of the genetic underpinnings for these adaptive changes is confounded by a lack of knowledge about how eccrine gland fate and density are specified during development. Moreover, although reciprocal changes in hair cover and eccrine gland density are required for efficient thermoregulation, it is unclear if these changes are linked by a common genetic regulation. To identify pathways controlling the relative patterning of eccrine glands and hair follicles, we exploited natural variation in the density of these organs between different strains of mice. Quantitative trait locus mapping identified a large region on mouse Chromosome 1 that controls both hair and eccrine gland densities. Differential and allelic expression analysis of the genes within this interval coupled with subsequent functional studies demonstrated that the level of En1 activity directs the relative numbers of eccrine glands and hair follicles. These findings implicate En1 as a newly identified and reciprocal determinant of hair follicle and eccrine gland density and identify a pathway that could have contributed to the evolution of the unique features of human skin.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN SKIN. XV. SITES OF PHOSPHORYLASE AND AMYLO-1,6-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD A. ELLIS ◽  
WILLIAM MONTAGNA
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Peripheral Cells ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands

The localization of phosphorylase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity has been studied in surgical specimens of human skin from the palm, sole, axilla, external auditory meatus, and other representative regions of the body. With few exceptions these enzymes are found in cells which are known to contain glycogen normally. The epidermis shows some variability, but amylo-1,6-glucosidase is generally present in the stratum spinosum, while phosphorylase is found in both the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum. The relative amounts of the enzymes vary with the thickness of the epidermis and with the age of the donor. Growing hair follicles have abundant phosporylase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in their outer root sheaths, while resting ones contain only phosphorylase. A short portion of the epidermal duct of the eccrine sweat glands has no enzymatic activity, but the remainder of the duct and the secretory portion of the gland is richer in phosphorylase than any other structure of the skin. The apocrine sweat glands have neither enzyme in their secretory coils, but the duct of these glands is rich in phosphorylase. Time sebaceous glands contain both enzymes, but phosphorylase is more concentrated in the peripheral cells of the gland. Neither the centers of the glands nor the sebum contain either enzyme.

Carcinoma del conducto ecrino recidivante. A propósito de un caso.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica García Yllán ◽  
Lic. María Llorca Clímens
Keyword(s):  
Eccrine Sweat Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Key Words Case Report ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

Eccrine sweat glands are widely distributed throughout the body and regulate body temperature in respond to cholinergic stimuli. Eccrine sweat gland carcinomas are rare and were first described by Cornil in 1865. Their incidence is 1% of all cutaneous malignancies, and the wide range of histological appearances and their similarity to metastatic carcinomas have generated uncertainties and controversies for many years regarding its diagnosis, biological behavior, and treatment. We present the case of a patient with eccrine duct carcinoma of the knee that recurred four years after her first excision. Key words: case report, eccrine sweat glands, eccrine duct carcinoma, cutaneous malignancies

Effect of VIP on sweat secretion and cAMP accumulation in isolated simian eccrine glands

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. R935-R941 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sato ◽  
F. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Functional Significance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Camp Level ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Camp Accumulation ◽  
Eccrine Glands ◽  
Sweat Secretion ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

Although vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerves have been identified around the eccrine sweat glands, their functional significance is unknown. We found that VIP evokes eccrine sweat secretion in isolated monkey palm eccrine sweat glands in vitro as profusely as does isoproterenol (Iso), however, at concentrations two orders of magnitude lower than that of Iso. Like Iso sweating, the VIP sweating was relatively insensitive to removal of Ca2+ from the medium. The time course of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in the secretory coil paralleled that of sweat secretion. However, unlike Iso stimulations, both VIP-induced cAMP level and VIP sweat rate markedly declined with time. The attenuation of VIP sweat rate was reversed by forskolin and by theophylline, suggesting that the attenuation is caused partially by desensitization of the receptor-cyclase complex and/or by cAMP breakdown by phosphodiesterase. Forskolin stimulated the VIP-induced cAMP level more than can be expected from a simple additive effect. The sudorific effects of a submaximal concentration of VIP (6 X 10(-9) M) and that of methacholine (MCh) (10(-8) M) were only additive. The VIP-induced cAMP level was markedly augmented by MCh and further enhanced by Iso with or without theophylline. Thus the most salient biochemical consequence of the VIP-ergic component of sweat gland innervation is to induce synergistic amplification of tissue cAMP accumulation. The functional significance of synergistically accumulated cAMP in physiological eccrine sweating remains to be studied.

In vivo and in vitro characteristics of eccrine sweating in patas and rhesus monkeys

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Gisolfi ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
P. T. Wall ◽  
F. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Sweating Rate ◽  
Eccrine Glands ◽  
Palmar Sweating ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands

Biopsy specimens from the chest, palm, back, and lateral calf were obtained from three patas (413;6 kg) and two rhesus monkeys (6 and 8 kg) tranquilized with ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg). The eccrine sweat glands of the specimens were subsequently isolated under a stereomicroscope and prepared for analysis. In both palmar and hairy skin (chest, lateral calf) patas eccrine glands were larger than those isolated from corresponding sites obtained from the rhesus specimens. In vitro stimulation of the patas' glands with methacholine (MCH) chloride produced a dose-dependent increase in sweating rate that was blocked by atropine. Maximal palmar sweating was comparable between the two species of monkey. Mean maximal in vitro sweating rates on the chest and lateral calf of the three patas monkeys were 3.79 and 4.6 nl. gl-1.min-1, respectively. In contrast, the in vitro sweating rate of the rhesus chest glands was negligibly small, i.e., 0.05 nl.gl-1. min-1. Maximal in vivo sweating rates measured by resistance hygrometry during exercise in a hot (40 degrees C) environment were usually synchronous, cyclic, and only slightly below maximal in vitro rates. When the monkey (patas) was already sweating, the onset and cessation of exercise produced an immediate rise and decline in sweating, respectively. At any given rectal or mean skin temperature, sweating was two- to sixfold higher in the patas compared with that of the rhesus monkey. These results indicate that the patas monkey is an excellent model for studying the physiology of sweating in humans.

Freeze-Fracture Examination of Tight Junctions of Human Eccrine Sweat Glands

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 634-635
Author(s):  
J. V. Briggman ◽  
J. Bigelow ◽  
H. Bank ◽  
S. S. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Dark Cells ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Secretory Coil ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

The prevalence of strands shown by freeze-fracture in the zonula occludens of junctional complexes is thought to correspond closely with the transepi-thelial electrical resistance and with the tightness of the junction and its obstruction to paracellular flow.1 The complexity of the network of junc¬tional complex strands does not appear invariably related to the degree of tightness of the junction, however, as rabbit ileal junctions have a complex network of strands and are permeable to lanthanum. In human eccrine sweat glands the extent of paracellular relative to transcellular flow remains unknown, both for secretion of the isotonic precursor fluid by the coil and for resorption of a hypertonic solution by the duct. The studies reported here undertook, therefore, to determine with the freeze-fracture technique the complexity of the network of ridges in the junctional complexes between cells in the secretory coil and the sweat ducts. Glands from a patient with cystic fibrosis were also examined because an alteration in junctional strands could underlie the decreased Na+ resorption by sweat ducts in this disease. Freeze-fracture replicas were prepared by standard procedures on isolated coil and duct segments of human sweat glands. Junctional complexes between clear cells, between dark cells and between clear and dark cells on the main lumen, and between clear cells on intercellular canaliculi of the coil con¬tained abundant anastomosing closely spaced strands averaging 6.4 + 0.7 (mean + SE) and 9.0 +0.5 (Fig. 1) per complex, respectively. Thus, the junctions in the intercellular canaliculi of the coil appeared comparable in complexity to those of tight epithlia. Occasional junctions exhibited, in addition, 2 to 5 widely spaced anastomosing strands in a very close network basal to the compact network. The fewer junctional complexes observed thus far between the superficial duct cells consisted on the average of 6 strands arranged in a close network and 1 to 4 underlying strands that lay widely separated from one another (Fig. 2). The duct epitelium would, thus, be judged slightly more "leaky" than the coil. Infrequent junctional complexes observed to date in the secretory coil segment of a cystic fibrosis specimen disclosed rela¬tively few closely crowded strands.

Gut microbiome a promising target for management of respiratory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (14) ◽  
pp. 2679-2696
Author(s):  
Riddhi Trivedi ◽  
Kalyani Barve
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Intestinal Microbial Flora ◽  
On Chip

The intestinal microbial flora has risen to be one of the important etiological factors in the development of diseases like colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety and Parkinson's. The emergence of the association between bacterial flora and lungs led to the discovery of the gut–lung axis. Dysbiosis of several species of colonic bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and transfer of these bacteria from gut to lungs via lymphatic and systemic circulation are associated with several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. Current therapies for dysbiosis include use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to restore the balance between various species of beneficial bacteria. Various approaches like nanotechnology and microencapsulation have been explored to increase the permeability and viability of probiotics in the body. The need of the day is comprehensive study of mechanisms behind dysbiosis, translocation of microbiota from gut to lung through various channels and new technology for evaluating treatment to correct this dysbiosis which in turn can be used to manage various respiratory diseases. Microfluidics and organ on chip model are emerging technologies that can satisfy these needs. This review gives an overview of colonic commensals in lung pathology and novel systems that help in alleviating symptoms of lung diseases. We have also hypothesized new models to help in understanding bacterial pathways involved in the gut–lung axis as well as act as a futuristic approach in finding treatment of respiratory diseases caused by dysbiosis.

Development of Solid-Self Micron Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2014-2021
Author(s):  
Preethi Sudheer ◽  
Koushik Y ◽  
Satish P ◽  
Uma Shankar M S ◽  
R S Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Scientist ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

As a consequence of modern drug discovery techniques, there has been a steady increase in the number of new pharmacologically active lipophilic compounds that are poorly water soluble and solubility is one of the most important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for therapeutic response. It is a great challenge for pharmaceutical scientist to convert those molecules into orally administered formulation with sufficient bioavailability.  Among the several approaches to improve oral bioavailability of these molecules, Self-micron emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) is one of the approaches usually used to improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. However, conventional SMEDDS are mostly prepared in a liquid form, which can have several disadvantages. Accordingly, solid SMEDDS (S-SMEDDS) prepared by solidification of liquid/semisolid self-micron emulsifying (SME) ingredients into powders have gained popularity. This article provides an overview of the recent advancements in S-SMEDDS such as methodology, techniques and future research directions.

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