scholarly journals Bio-Hydrogen Production Using Landfill Leachate Considering Different Photo-Fermentation Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Barghash ◽  
Kenneth E. Okedu ◽  
Aisha Al Balushi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Ph Scale

Recently, it has become imperative to find new sustainable and renewable sources of energy, in order to avoid dependence on non-renewable traditional energy resources. This would help to overcome the depleting of natural resources for energy production. Hydrogen gas production using biological processes is one of the most attractive solutions in this regard, due to its high energy content and ecofriendly nature. Production of hydrogen using single photo-fermentation process and landfill leachate as substrate was carried out in this paper, by utilizing batch bio-reactor and anaerobic conditions. The pH value and temperature, play an essential role in a bio-hydrogen production process. Thus, in this study, the pH values considered were 6, 6.5, and 7.2, respectively, at a controlled temperature of 37 ± 1°C. This study investigated various schemes that have the possibility of producing hydrogen using; landfill leachate alone, with leachate and addition of inoculum such as sewage sludge, and with substrate such as sucrose and glucose. All experiments were conducted with and without mixing, for effective comparative study. Heat and pH pretreatment were applied in each experiment with the objectives of decreasing the activities of methane-producing bacteria and enhancing the activities of hydrogen-producing bacteria. The hydraulic retention time used in this study was 48 h, in order to obtain optimal performance of the schemes employed. Analysis of liquid leachate was performed for each experiment, and based on the obtained results, the maximum yield of hydrogen produced was 5,754 ml H2/L, with a medium pH scale of 6.0, fermentation temperature of 37 ± 1°C and constant mixing speed of 100 rpm.

scholarly journals Bio-hydrogen production from waste materials: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 02020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Singh Yadav ◽  
Vinoth R ◽  
Dharmesh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

When hydrogen burns in air, it produces nothing but water vapour. It is therefore the cleanest possible, totally non-polluting fuel. This fact has led some people to propose an energy economy based entirely on hydrogen, in which hydrogen would replace gasoline, oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear power. Hydrogen is a clean energy source. Therefore, in recent years, demand on hydrogen production has increased considerably. Electrolysis of water, steam reforming of hydrocarbons and auto-thermal processes are well-known methods for hydrogen gas production, but not cost-effective due to high energy requirements. As compare to chemical methods, biological production of hydrogen gas has significant advantages such as bio-photolysis of water by algae, dark and photo-fermentation of organic materials, usually carbohydrates by bacteria. New approach for bio-hydrogen production is dark and photo-fermentation process but with some major problems like dark and photo-fermentative hydrogen production is the raw material cost. By using suitable bio-process technologies hydrogen can be produced through carbohydrate rich, nitrogen deficient solid wastes such as cellulose and starch containing agricultural and food industry wastes and some food industry wastewaters such as cheese whey, olive mill and baker's yeast industry wastewaters. Utilization of aforementioned wastes for hydrogen production provides inexpensive energy generation with simultaneous waste treatment. This review article summarizes bio-hydrogen production from some waste materials with recent developments and relative advantages.

Hydrogen-Production of Hydrogen-Producing Bacteria at Different Temperatures in Batch Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1400-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Qin ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C 30

Energy crisis is paid more attention to its significance around the world. Hydrogen is considered the most potential alternate energy source due to the character of non-pollution and zero emissions. This paper researched the variation of hydrogen-producing rate, pH value and the proportion under five temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C through batch culture and the reasons of these appearance. And anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacteria’s isolation and enrichment culture was accomplished by Hungater’s anaerobic technique. The time of logarithmic phase was 24h, 16h, 12h, 20h and 28h and the stationary phase was 36h, 28h, 24h, 32h and 36h at 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C. When the pH declined to 4.2-4.4, the hydrogen-production rate and the proportion all reached optimal state. The maximum proportion of hydrogen-production and total gas-production was 70.41% at 35°C. The optimal parameter was: the pH between 4.2-4.4 under the optimum temperature of 35°C.

scholarly journals Optimizing hydrogen production from the Landfill Leachate by electro-coagulation technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Electro Coagulation ◽  
H2 Yield ◽  
Alternative Energies

The loss and impact of non-renewable fossil energy on global warming concerns are prompting to intensive research to find viable, less emissions-oriented alternative energies. The present work aims to study the potential of hydrogen gas production (for renewable energy) by electrocoagulation process from landfill leachate. The Design-Expert software for response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the process variables in the hydrogen production system. The effects of three independent variables; namely pH (4-8) and voltage (3-9 V), using different types of electrodes (Al, Fe, and Ni) were studied. At the optimal condition of voltage 9V and initial pH 6 at 20 minutes, the Al electrode recorded an upturn maximum H2 yield of 697 ppm, while 554 and 551 ppm were obtained with Ni and Fe electrode, respectively. Moreover, the coefficient of determination (R2) showed a good relationship between actual and expected results.

scholarly journals Advances in ethanol autothermal reform for hydrogen gas production: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e126953070
Author(s):  
Marcos Lapa Brito ◽  
José Mário Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Luiz Carlos Lobato dos Santos ◽  
George Simonelli
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modeling Simulation ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Made In

Concern about global warming and the high consumption of fossil fuels has led some countries to seek and invest in new energy sources that are efficient and less polluting. Among these alternatives, hydrogen fuel cells are a potential solution that can generate clean energy. Due to the industrial production of hydrogen being carried out by steam reforming of methane, which uses non-renewable raw material and is endothermic (resulting in high energy costs), the autothermal reform of ethanol has been presenting itself as an interesting technology, as it combines a renewable raw material with the reactions of reform (endothermic) and partial oxidation (exothermic), thus achieving energy self-sufficiency in the process of converting ethanol to hydrogen. Despite the various studies referring to the autothermal reform of ethanol, to our knowledge, no article has presented a detailed review of the main advances made in recent years for this process. Thus, this review presents the main results for the autothermal reform of ethanol, in recent years, in three main areas: Catalysts, Reactor Design and Modeling / Simulation. This work identified that the greatest advances have been made in the development of new catalysts and the design of reactors, while the modeling/simulation area still has few studies to efficiently describe the thermodynamics of the autothermal reform of ethanol.

scholarly journals Iridium Complex Catalyzed Hydrogen Production from Glucose and Various Monosaccharides

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Fujita ◽  
Takayoshi Inoue ◽  
Toshiki Tanaka ◽  
Jaeyoung Jeong ◽  
Shohichi Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Iridium Complex ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Bipyridine Ligand

A new catalytic system has been developed for hydrogen production from various monosaccharides, mainly glucose, as a starting material under reflux conditions in water in the presence of a water-soluble dicationic iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridine ligand. For example, the reaction of D-glucose in water under reflux for 20 h in the presence of [Cp*Ir(6,6′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine)(H2O)][OTf]2 (1.0 mol %) (Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, OTf: trifluoromethanesulfonate) resulted in the production of hydrogen gas in 95% yield. In the present catalytic reaction, it was experimentally suggested that dehydrogenation of the alcoholic moiety at 1-position of glucose proceeded.

scholarly journals Photodeposition of Ag Nanocrystals onto TiO2 Nanotube Platform for Enhanced Water Splitting and Hydrogen Gas Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Aimi Jani ◽  
Choonyian Haw ◽  
Weesiong Chiu ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Poisim Khiew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Plasmonic Resonance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Ag Ncs

Current work reports the study of Ag nanocrystals (NCs) decorated doubly anodized (DA) TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) thin film as an efficient photoelectrode material for water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen gas production. DA process has been shown to be capable of producing less defective NTs and creating additional spacious gaps in between NT bundles to allow efficient and uniform integration of Ag NCs. By employing photoreduction method, Ag NCs can be deposited directly onto NTs, where the size and density of coverage can be maneuvered by merely varying the concentration of Ag precursors. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images show that the Ag NCs with controllable size are homogeneously decorated onto the walls of NTs with random yet uniform distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the formation of anatase TiO2 NTs and Ag NCs, which can be well indexed to standard patterns. The decoration of metallic Ag NCs onto the surface of NTs demonstrates a significant enhancement in the photoconversion efficiency as compared to that of pristine TiO2 NTs. Additionally, the as-prepared nanocomposite film also shows improved efficiency when used as a photocatalyst platform in the production of hydrogen gas. Such improvement in the performance of water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen gas production activity can be credited to the surface plasmonic resonance of Ag NCs present on the surface of the NTs, which renders improved light absorption and better charge separation. The current work can serve as a model of study for designing more advanced nanoarchitecture photoelectrode for renewable energy application.

Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Data Analytics and Visualization

2015 ◽  
Vol 1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Vashishta ◽  
Rajiv K. Kalia ◽  
Aiichiro Nakano ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Ken-ichi Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
List Type ◽  
Reactive Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Blue Gene

ABSTRACTMultimillion-atom reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) and large quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations are used to investigate structural and dynamical correlations under highly nonequilibrium conditions and reactive processes in nanostructured materials under extreme conditions. This paper discusses four simulations:1.RMD simulations of heated aluminum nanoparticles have been performed to study the fast oxidation reaction processes of the core (aluminum)-shell (alumina) nanoparticles and small complexes.2.Cavitation bubbles readily occur in fluids subjected to rapid changes in pressure. We have used billion-atom RMD simulations on a 163,840-processor Blue Gene/P supercomputer to investigate chemical and mechanical damages caused by shock-induced collapse of nanobubbles in water near silica surface. Collapse of an empty nanobubble generates high-speed nanojet, resulting in the formation of a pit on the surface. The gas-filled bubbles undergo partial collapse and consequently the damage on the silica surface is mitigated.3.Our QMD simulation reveals rapid hydrogen production from water by an Al superatom. We have found a low activation-barrier mechanism, in which a pair of Lewis acid and base sites on the Aln surface preferentially catalyzes hydrogen production.4.We have introduced an extension of the divide-and-conquer (DC) algorithmic paradigm called divide-conquer-recombine (DCR) to perform large QMD simulations on massively parallel supercomputers, in which interatomic forces are computed quantum mechanically in the framework of density functional theory (DFT). A benchmark test on an IBM Blue Gene/Q computer exhibits an isogranular parallel efficiency of 0.984 on 786,432 cores for a 50.3 million-atom SiC system. As a test of production runs, LDC-DFT-based QMD simulation involving 16,661 atoms was performed on the Blue Gene/Q to study on-demand production of hydrogen gas from water using LiAl alloy particles.

scholarly journals Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Reaction System Based on Metal-Organic Halide Perovskites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dohun Kim ◽  
Dong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Seong Min Kim ◽  
Woosung Park ◽  
Uk Sim
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Organic Halide ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Metal Organic

In the development of hydrogen-based technology, a key challenge is the sustainable production of hydrogen in terms of energy consumption and environmental aspects. However, existing methods mainly rely on fossil fuels due to their cost efficiency, and as such, it is difficult to be completely independent of carbon-based technology. Electrochemical hydrogen production is essential, since it has shown the successful generation of hydrogen gas of high purity. Similarly, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) method is also appealing, as this method exhibits highly active and stable water splitting with the help of solar energy. In this article, we review recent developments in PEC water splitting, particularly those using metal-organic halide perovskite materials. We discuss the exceptional optical and electrical characteristics which often dictate PEC performance. We further extend our discussion to the material limit of perovskite under a hydrogen production environment, i.e., that PEC reactions often degrade the contact between the electrode and the electrolyte. Finally, we introduce recent improvements in the stability of a perovskite-based PEC device.

scholarly journals Optimization of Hydrogen Gas Production Conditions from Egyptian Chlamydomonas Sp

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Hanaa H. Abd El Baky ◽  
Gamal S. El Baroty
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Sulfur Deprivation ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Chlamydomonas Sp ◽  
In Cells

Hydrogen gas could provide attractive options as ideal fuel for a world, in which environmental friendly and economically sustainable manner. Microalgae have the ability to bio-synthesis hydrogen gas. Algal H2 does do not generate any toxic or polluting bi-products and could potentially offer value-added products derived from algal biomass. In this work, the feasibility of coupling sulfur deprivation and light on hydrogen production by Chlamydomonas sp grown in photobioreactor was investigated. The cells growth, hydrogen production, total carbohydrate and chlorophyll content were determined. The results showed that, under optimum condition, algae cells were required 168 hr (7days) to reach the late logarithmic phase (the algal dry weight 4.11 g/L). Whereas the algae cells were needed about 18~22 days to reach this value (3.55 g/ L) when grow in optimum medium. The concentration of Chlorophyll (5.65%) and carbohydrate (39.46%) were accumulated in algae cells grow in S-deprives medium coupled with dark condition over that did in algae cells cultured in optimum medium. After about a 24 h of cultivation, photo-production of H2 was observed for C. sp either in absence or presence of sulfate. But under sulfur deprivation coupled with dark condition, higher H2 gas was obtained after 16 hr (7 several days) of incubation period. In new design photobioreactors (PhBRs), after 18 days of cultivation, the volume of H2 gas in was found to be 450 ml in cells grow in sulfur-deprived culture). This value was 360 ml in cells grow under optimal condition.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Gas Production from Gasification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Suhaili Shahlan ◽  
Kamarizan Kidam ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali ◽  
Ljiljana Medic Pejic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Palm Waste ◽  
Oil Palm Waste

Malaysia is one of the largest producers of palm oil and this industry plays an important role in Malaysia economic growth. As this industry grows larger, a significant amount of oil palm waste is generated, creating the problem of overloading biomass waste. Since the oil palm waste has many significant uses such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), the interest in production of hydrogen gas as the renewable energy from EFB also increases. The most common and favorable thermochemical processes to produce the hydrogen gas is gasification process in fluidized bed reactor. Regardless of tremendous experimental studies done on effectiveness of using EFB for production of hydrogen, the process implementation in industry is still discouraging. This is due to lack of proven technology and high capital cost of investment.  In this study, a computational modeling was developed for EFB gasification in fluidized bed gasifier using the ASPEN PLUS simulator (v. 8.8) to optimize the gasification temperature, pressure and to study the different of chemical behavior. The results indicated that increase in temperature will increases the production of hydrogen and enhances carbon conversion efficiency. The optimum temperature and pressure was 850 °C and 1.035 bar respectively. The result shows that the char was removed significantly after several gas cleaning process. The final product for purified hydrogen gas is 14.5 kg/hr which is around 21% of hydrogen yield. Based on the result, it indicates that EFB has a potential to be used as a source of energy in a future.

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