scholarly journals Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates and Their Application in Enzymatic Pretreatment of Microalgae: Comparison Between CLEAs and Combi-CLEAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Blanco-Llamero ◽  
Paz García-García ◽  
Francisco Javier Señoráns
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solid Supports ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Enzymatic Pretreatment ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Soluble Enzymes

Carrier-free immobilization is a key process to develop efficient biocatalysts able to catalyze the cell wall degradation in microalgae where the traditional solid supports cannot penetrate. Thus, the insolubilization of commercial Celluclast®, Alcalase®, and Viscozyme® enzymes by carrier-free immobilization and their application in microalgae pretreatment was investigated. In this study, different precipitants at different ratios (ethanol, acetone, and polyethylene glycol 4000) were tested in the first part of the method, to establish the precipitation conditions. The screening of the best precipitant is needed as it depends on the nature of the enzyme. The best results were studied in terms of immobilization yield, thermal stability, and residual activity and were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, a novel strategy was intended including the three enzymes (combi-CLEAs) to catalyze the enzymatic degradation of Nannochloropsis gaditana microalgal cell wall in one pot. The carrier-free immobilized derivatives were 10 times more stable compared to soluble enzymes under the same. At the best conditions showed its usefulness in the pretreatment of microalgae combined with ultrasounds, facilitating the cell disruption and lipid recovery. The results obtained suggested the powerful application of these robust biocatalysts with great catalytic properties on novel and sustainable biomass such as microalgae to achieve cost-effective and green process to extract valuable bioactive compounds.

Multi-Epitope Vaccines (MEVs), as a Novel Strategy Against Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahmoudi Goumari ◽  
Ibrahim Farhani ◽  
Navid Nezafat ◽  
Shirin Mahmoodi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Epitope Prediction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Preclinical Evaluation ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Epitope Vaccines

Infectious diseases have caused historical pandemics in the world. Three strategies, including sanitation programs, antimicrobial drugs, and vaccines are considered for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Today, some infectious diseases cause millions of mortalities universally. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, as well as some limitations of traditional vaccines, focusing on novel strategies is essential. Multi-Epitope Vaccines (MEVs), as a novel strategy, have been designed based on immunoinformatics methods; epitope prediction by authentic servers, attachment of epitopes using proper linkers, physicochemical, immunological and structural evaluation by bioinformatics tools that are basic stages in MEVs designing. Advantages such as cost-effective, high safety, less time consumption in designing, the application of natural adjuvants, and satisfactory preclinical evaluation outstand MEVs than other types of vaccines. Therefore, MEVs are promising vaccines against resistant diseases such as lower respiratory infection and diarrhea.

Recent advances in the synthesis of fungal antigenic oligosaccharides

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 885-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim B. Krylov ◽  
Lucia Paulovičová ◽  
Ema Paulovičová ◽  
Yury E. Tsvetkov ◽  
Nikolay E. Nifantiev
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Carbohydrate Chemistry ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Constant Improvement

AbstractThe driving force for the constant improvement and development of new synthetic methodologies in carbohydrate chemistry is a growing demand for biologically important oligosaccharide ligands and neoglycoconjugates thereof for numerous biochemical investigations such as cell-to-pathogen interactions, immune response, cell adhesion, etc. Here we report our syntheses of the spacer-armed antigenic oligosaccharides related to three groups of the polysaccharides of the fungal cell-wall including α- and β-mannan, α- and β-glucan and galactomannan chains, which include new rationally designed synthetic blocks, efficient solutions for the stereoselective construction of glycoside bonds, and novel strategy for preparation of furanoside-containing oligosaccharides based on recently discovered pyranoside-into-furanoside (PIF) rearrangement.

One-pot synthesis of a TiO2–CdS nano-heterostructure assembly with enhanced photocatalytic activity

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (44) ◽  
pp. 34942-34948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayantan Mazumdar ◽  
Aninda J. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
One Pot ◽  
One Pot Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective Method

An unprecedented morphology of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) self-assembly obtained using a ‘truly’ one-pot and highly cost effective method with a multi-gram scale yield is reported here.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and Potential Applications of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles and Their Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites in Nanomedicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haliza Katas ◽  
Noor Zianah Moden ◽  
Chei Sin Lim ◽  
Terence Celesistinus ◽  
Jie Yee Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Silver And Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Biological Sources

Biosynthesized or biogenic metallic nanoparticles, particularly silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively), have been increasingly used because of their advantages, including high stability and loading capacity; moreover, these nanoparticles are synthesized using a green and cost-effective method. Previous studies have investigated reducing and/or stabilizing agents from various biological sources, including plants, microorganisms, and marine-derived products, using either a one-pot or a multistep process at different conditions. In addition, extensive studies have been performed to determine the biological or pharmacological effects of these nanoparticles, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. In the recent years, chitosan, a natural cationic polysaccharide, has been increasingly investigated as a reducing and/or stabilizing agent in the synthesis of biogenic metallic nanoparticles with potential applications in nanomedicine. Here, we have reviewed the mechanism of biosynthesis and potential applications of AgNPs and AuNPs and their chitosan-mediated nanocomposites in nanomedicine.

A Novel Strategy to Synthesize Dual Blue Fluorescent-Magnetic EuCl2 Nanocrystals via One-Pot Method with Controlled Morphologies Using Urea

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1800106
Author(s):  
Tianxin Zhao ◽  
Jingwei Xin ◽  
Yingnan Jiang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yueqi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Pot ◽  
Novel Strategy

scholarly journals Energy consumption and water-soluble protein release by cell wall disruption of Nannochloropsis gaditana

2017 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Safi ◽  
L. Cabas Rodriguez ◽  
W.J. Mulder ◽  
N. Engelen-Smit ◽  
W. Spekking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Protein Release ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Water Soluble Protein ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption

scholarly journals Improved Catalytic Performance of Carrier-Free Immobilized Lipase by Advanced Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Jiaojiao ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Bin Zou ◽  
Adesanya Idowu Onyinye
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Candida Rugosa Lipase ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Functional Surface ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Repeated Use

Abstract The cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) are one of the technologies that quickly immobilize the enzyme without a carrier. This carrier-free immobilization method has the advantages of simple operation, high reusability and low cost. In this study, ionic liquid with amino group (1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide，IL) was used as the novel functional surface molecule to modify industrialized lipase (Candida rugosa lipase, CRL). The enzymatic properties of the prepared CRL-FIL-CLEAs were investigated. The activity of CRL-FIL-CLEAs (5.51 U/mg protein) was 1.9 times higher than that of CRL-CLEAs without surface modification (2.86 U/mg protein). After incubation at 60℃ for 50 min, CRL-FIL-CLEAs still maintained 61% of its initial activity, while the value for CRL-CLEAs was only 22%. After repeated use for five times, compared with the 22% residual activity of CRL-CLEAs, the value of CRL-FIL-CLEAs was 51%. Further kinetic analysis indicated that the Km values for CRL-FIL-CLEAs and CRL-CLEAs were 4.80 mM and 8.06 mM, respectively, which was inferred that the affinity to substrate was increased after modification. Based on the above results, it was indicated that this method provided a new idea for the effective synthesis of immobilized enzyme.

scholarly journals Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide by a Carbon Dots-Based Probe via Inner Filtering Effect and Resonance Rayleigh Scattering

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ghafarloo ◽  
Reza Sabzi ◽  
Naser Samadi ◽  
Hamed Hamishehkar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Inner Filter Effect ◽  
Resonance Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Excitation Spectra ◽  
One Pot

Synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from natural resources not only enables green synthesis and production of environmentally friendly materials, but also provides a cost-effective probe as a fluorescence nanosensor. The proposed sensor introduces a unique one-pot hydrothermal CDs synthesis from alfalfa leaves, which is promising for sensing hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) via inner filter effect (IFE) and resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS). The as-prepared CDs had wide emission spectra, excitation-dependent emission, high solubility, high stability, and visible fluorescence light with a quantum yield of up to 11%. The absorption of HCTZ overlapped with the excitation spectra of CDs. Therefore, CDs represented excellent quenching due to IFE when HCTZ was gradually added. Furthermore, this fluorescent sensor was successfully used to quantify HCTZ in the linear ranges (0.17-2.50 μg mL-1) with the limit of detection of 0.11 μg mL-1. The sensing system was simple as no surface functionalization was required for CDs, leading to less laborious steps and more cost-effective synthesis. The reaction time was short, i.e., less than 2 min, indicating a simple approach for rapid analysis of HCTZ. By optimizing conditions, successful measurements were carried out on pharmaceutical tablets.

Synthesis of Chlorinated Arenes and Hetarenes by One-Pot Cyclizations of 1,3-Bis-silyl Enol Ethers

Synlett ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Langer ◽  
Zahid Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Enol Ethers ◽  
Silyl Enol Ethers ◽  
Cross Coupling Reactions ◽  
Silyl Enol Ether ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
High Level

This account describes our recent findings and progress in synthesizing chlorinated arenes and hetarenes by one-pot cyclizations of 1,3-bis-silyl enol ether derivatives. These reactions allow for the preparation of highly functionalized products with a high level of regioselectivity. The synthetic routes are cost-effective avoiding additional functionalization steps. The products are difficult to be accessed by other methods. The chlorine atom is of relevance in medicinal and agriculture chemistry. In addition, it allows further functionalizations by transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.1 Introduction2 Cyclizations of 2-Chloro-1,3-bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes2.1 3,5-Dihydroxychlorophthalates2.2 2,4-Dihydroxy-homochlorophthalates2.3 2-(Arylsulfonyl)chloropyridines2.4 1-Azaxanthones3 Cyclizations of 4-Chloro-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadienes3.1 3-Chlorosalicylates3.2 Functionalized Chlorobiaryls3.3 3-Chloro-5-(2-chloroethyl)-salicylates3.4 2,4-Dihydroxychlorobenzophenones4 Cyclizations of 2-Chloro-3-(silyloxy)-2-en-1-ones4.1 Functionalized Chlorophenols4.2 Functionalized Chlorinated Biaryls and Chlorofluorenones4.3 Functionalized Chlorochromenones4.4 Functionalized 3-(Methylthio)chlorophenols4.5 Functionalized 3-Chloromethylphenols5 Conclusions6 List of Abbreviations

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